CN103416229A - Wrapping-type walnut bark whip grafting method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wrapping-type walnut bark whip grafting method, which is improved aiming at five technical methods, i.e. reserving bleeding holes and water pulling branches, increasing healing area, screening light to promote the formation of callus tissues, using mulching films to preserve moisture of scions and improving the bud external environment, so as to enable the survival rate of grafts on old and big trees which are low in yield to be improved by more than 15 percent. Therefore, the wrapping-type walnut bark whip grafting method has important production and use value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the seedling-wood breeding technology of nonwood forest trees, be specifically related to the improvement of the stiff wood grafting method of the low large tree of shoddy product Hetaoyuan.
Background technology
Walnut belongs to Angiospermae, Dicotyledoneae, Juglandaceae, Juglans, it is tall and big deciduous tree, originate in area, the Near East, claim again English walnut, Qiang peach, both can eat raw, stir-fry and eat, also can extract oil, prepare cake, candy etc., not only delicious, and nutritive value is very high, be described as " long live ", " Longevity ", with almond, cashew nut, fibert and be called world-renowned " four large dry fruits ".The kernel of walnut contains abundant nutrient component, every hectogram is containing protein 15-20 gram, fat 60-70 gram, carbohydrate 10 grams, and the nutriments such as the calcium of needed by human, phosphorus, iron, carotin, vitamin b3 (vitamin B2), vitamin B6, vitamin E, juglandis folia quinone, phosphatide, tannin.Nutrient component in walnut, have excellent health functions to cerebral nerve, and the arteriosclerotic effect of control is arranged, have promote glucose utilization, cholesterol metabolic, protection is cardiovascular and antidotal function.
Literature search discloses: the patent of " the large stock grafting method of apocarya " Chengdu Wei Lianda agrotechnique Services Co., Ltd that 1) application number is CN201210233599.4, a kind of large stock grafting method of apocarya is disclosed, difference adopt respectively the different methods that discharges water according to stock size and grafting part, grafting adopts inserts the skin whip graft, and carry out in time the management after bud picking removes the graftings such as ungirding, stand windproof post of sprouting, lighten restrictions on, improved the survival rate of the large stock grafting seedling of apocarya.The patent of the Lu Jiawang of " grafting method of thin-bark walnut tree " that 2) application number is CN201110273439.8, select walnut as stock, the part of scion limb being inserted to stock is whittled into duck tongue shaped, the skin of scion limb and wooden part are separated, wooden part injects the intracutaneous of stock, the skin of scion limb is stayed outside the skin of stock, then grafting place is wrapped up, when the pinching for the first time over 60 centimeters of scion amount of growth, grow to pinching again more than 80 centimeters, when the sprout growth on stock surpasses the height of scion, cut off half, the rudiment of by the time erasing after pinching for the second time on stock, wrapping film in scion is removed simultaneously, flow process of the present invention is simple, graft survival rate is more than 95%, thin skin walnut 2 annual bearings after grafting, within 4 years, enter high yield period, high yield period, output was more than 300 kilograms, kernel percent is more than 70%.3) the Chen Wu sea patent that application number is CN200710016455.2 " a kind of grafting technology for inserting walnut scion into stock cortex ", comprise will cut scion insert between the cortex of stock and xylem and wrap up with the plastic film bondage, it is characterized in that after the stock cortex is inserted in scion, also will be by stock from each the horizontal partial application of upper and lower 0.5 centimeters of scion horse ear shape tangent plane tail end, and from lower cut-out, the stock cortex between upper lower cut is chosen, expose the rectangle wound, finally wrap up from the scion tail end to the scion top with the plastic film bondage again, and the wound lower end is showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally.The technology of the present invention, it is high and stable that walnut is inserted the skin graft survival rate, and survival rate is stabilized in more than 90%.This graft technology, can not only be for the extensive graft seedling growth in garden ground, and the breeding of the walnut that can also be applied to grow directly from seeds changes head.4) patent of " a kind of grafting method of walnut " Tao Yuzhao that application number is CN201210081406.8, comprise select good scion, preferably scion acquisition time, fringe bar storage practice, grafting time are determined, method is cut in stock selections, stock processing method, scion, grafting method, stock are made to hinder and discharged water and connect the technical step such as rear management.Can guarantee that tree vigo(u)r is strong, survival rate is high; Graft survival rate reaches more than 98%, within after grafting 3 years, forms the high yield ability.
The optimum method of the large tree grafting of the present invention research: (1) in the circumscribed direction in stock cross section, from outside to inside in phloem thickness 1/2-1/3 place, and rip cutting bast zone from top to bottom, rip cutting length is identical with scion ligule length, and attention is not cut and tiltedly is biased to xylem; When scion is inserted, xylem is inserted between the bast zone and xylem of stock, and the scion cortex is clipped between the bast of stock incision, makes it to form two healed surface, increases the healing area, improves healing effect; (2) the scion lower end, except being whittled into horse ear shape inclined-plane, also will gently be cut the tough outer cortex of scion to exposing endodermis, in order to be combined with the stock phloem internal layer of vertical incision, increases the callus area; (3) adopt double-deck newspaper to carry out shading treatment; (4) adopt the scion of mulch film parcel to play moisture-keeping function; Graft survival rate, grafting mouth healing grade and late growing stage amount are greatly improved, there is important production and application and be worth.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is: the new method of the walnut grafting provided, reserved bleeding hole and 5 technical methods such as drawing water branch, increase healing area, the formation of shading promotion callus, scion mulch film moisture-keeping, the improvement of rudiment external environment are implemented to improvement, make the graft survival rate that hangs down the large tree of shoddy product improve 15%.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of packaging type walnut is inserted skin whip graft method, implements step by step:
The annual 2-3 month of step 1 gathers scion, is placed in the husky Tibetan of ice cell or low-temperature cold-storage, and wherein husky Tibetan temperature is 0-5 ℃, and sand humidity is 60%; Before grafting, 2-3d takes out, and is placed in basin or bucket, with 30 ℃ of warm water, wakens;
During step 2 grafting, the scion lower end is whittled into to shape fond of gossip, the long 6-7cm of tongue, then, by thin the cutting of outer bast zone part of scion ligule part, expose interior bast zone;
Step 3 selects the stock age of tree below 15 years, grafting part limb diameter 3-10cm;
Step 4, in the circumscribed direction in cross section, stock grafting position, uses grafting knife in the 1/3-1/2 place of stock exoderm, rip cutting from top to bottom, it is vertical that the rip cutting direction is wanted, do not want deflection, length should be equal in length or slightly long with the scion ligule, and width should be slightly wider than scion ligule width; After cutting simultaneously the interior bast zone of stock cross section incision from top to bottom 2cm use highly again the grafting knife skiving, with improve scion insert after the tightness degree that engages of anvil fringe;
Step 5 is slowly inserted the scion xylem of selective separating between stock cortex and xylem, during insertion, progressively scion cortex and xylem is taken off from, scion is clipped between stock cortex and xylem, the cortex of scion is clipped between the bast that stock cuts;
Step 6 scion first hides the stock cross section fully and wraps up with double-deck newspaper after inserting, and then with the rope made of hemp or nylon rope, newspaper, scion and stock tighten is in the lump fixed;
Step 7 scion is wrapped up with film tape;
Step 8 covers and uses the rope bondage with transparent or semitransparent plastic sack by grafting part integral body;
Step 9 final-period management:
1) stock is except sprouting: before and after scion is sprouted, and the rudiment on the stock of erasing in time, the scion grafting scion can not normally be sprouted on the 15th, can be transferring 2 rudiments of anvil fracture proper site reservation, in order to mended bud grafting after branching out;
2) before and after grafting, within two weeks, do not water, soil drought, but light irrigation;
3) leak informaton: 20-30d after grafting,, scion starts to germinate, the Zhan Ye of branching out, at this moment checked 1 time every 2 days, the plastic sack of exhibition leaf and the upper end of paper bag are opened to an osculum, tender tip tip is stretched out, De Fang air port, upper end is ascending, can not disposablely open, and more can not remove sack too early;
4) anti-windbreak: when young sprout grows to 28-35cm, tie up the long rod of 1.5m at interface in time, young sprout is gently tied up on a rod in case windbreak, along with the elongation of young sprout bondage 2 times again, and pinching in time promotes lignification;
5) remove colligation: when young sprout grows to 65-75cm, the callus of interface heals and fills up, and anvil, fringe strong bonded, now can all be removed the bondage thing together, but the grafted stock of not damaging;
6) will could heal through above growth of 1-2 in season fully in the grafting cross section, prevent that germ from invading from wound, and carry out the winter protection protection of surviving the winter.
The mechanism of action of the present invention: due to the walnut nursery stock hereditary basis more complicated of growing directly from seeds, the differentiation of offspring's genotype is serious, between different individual plants, phenotypic difference is very large, and fruiting period sooner or later can differ 3-4 and even 7-8, and output differs several times even tens times, nut quality difference is larger, therefore can not adopt seedling to build garden and carry out commodity and really produce, because bleeding after walnut grafting is larger, the bleeding sap wound cell respiration that suffocates on the one hand, make callus be difficult to form, cause the grafting mouth easily to go rotten; On the other hand; be rich in tanning matter in bleeding sap; in the walnut grafting process tanning matter also directly with form plasmic combined with protein generation precipitation; make the cellular plasm granulating; thereby form the several layers of separation layer formed by such cell between faying face; hinder the exchange healing of stock and scion both sides material, therefore other seeds graftings are difficult for surviving relatively.
Grafting method of the present invention can reach maintenance breeding parent merit, significantly improves output and improve quality, does sth. in advance result, contribute to dwarfing culture and take full advantage of Walnut Germplasm Resources etc., the method is to reserved bleeding hole and draw water branch, increase healing area, shading to promote 5 technical methods such as callus formation, scion mulch film moisture-keeping, the improvement of rudiment external environment to implement to improve, improve low yield veteran, the large graft survival rate of setting, shown technological progress.
The accompanying drawing explanation
The present invention is described further by reference to the accompanying drawings.
Accompanying drawing is for implementing the operating process schematic diagram of new grafting method;
Accompanying drawing 1 is processed for stock: one " the drawing the water branch " of selecting and remain below grafting part, in grafting part, that stock is sawed-off with sharper saw, stock surface and phloem outer rim angle are cut smooth with grafting knife.
Accompanying drawing 2 is cut method processed for the stock phloem: use grafting knife along the inside 1/2-1/3 of phloem outer rim place, and rip cutting from top to bottom, length should be equal in length or slightly long with the scion ligule, and width should be slightly wider than scion ligule width, and it is vertical that the rip cutting direction is wanted, not deflection; After cutting simultaneously the interior bast zone of stock cross section incision from top to bottom 2cm use highly again the grafting knife skiving, with improve scion insert after the tightness degree that engages of anvil fringe.
Accompanying drawing 3 is peeled off for the stock phloem: the separation of stock bast zone after rip cutting.
Accompanying drawing 4 is processed for scion: the scion lower end is whittled into shape fond of gossip, the long 6-7cm of tongue, then the bast zone epidermis part of scion ligule part is pruned gently, expose interior bast zone.
Accompanying drawing 5 inserts stock for scion: the cortex and xylem of scion ligule front end is separated, with grafting knife, stock cortex and xylem is separated again, the scion xylem is slowly inserted between stock cortex and xylem, during insertion, progressively scion cortex and xylem is taken off from, the xylem of scion is clipped between stock cortex and xylem, the cortex of scion is clipped between the bast that stock cuts, when scion is inserted, avoid the bast of stock is made a mess of as far as possible.
Accompanying drawing 6 is the scion of stock phloem parcel: with the outer bast zone of the stock cut by the scion parcel closely.
Accompanying drawing 7 is the shading of stock newspaper and scion bondage: with double-deck newspaper, the stock cross section hidden fully and wraps up, then with the rope made of hemp or nylon rope, newspaper, scion and stock tighten in the lump being fixed.
Accompanying drawing 8 is the scion film wrapped: scion is wrapped up with film tape.
Accompanying drawing 9 is processed for the grafting part moisturizing: with transparent or semitransparent plastic sack, grafting part integral body is covered and use the rope bondage.
Embodiment
The present invention is described further in conjunction with the embodiments.
Embodiment
In Bu Zhake township, Hetian County Forestry Station cutting orchard Demonstration Garden, (east longitude: 37 ° 03 ', north latitude: 79 ° 49 ') ，Gai garden is positioned at south, Tarim Basin, South Sinkiang, Xinjiang edge, belongs to the desert climate of warm temperate zone extreme drought, and heat is abundant, 38.4 ℃ of the maximum air temperatures; Soil is sandy loam, and soil layer is deep, good permeability, and for planting continuously the old farmer district, humus and the content of organic matter are higher, are applicable to the walnut plantation.Select two improved variety of walnut (temperature 185, new 2) to carry out improved method Trees of Walnut stiff wood grafting, concrete steps are as follows:
(1) grafting gathers long 80cm in the peripheral middle and upper part of tree crown in advance then at the beginning of last month of spring in winter, thick 1.3cm lignification better, sprout grows and enrich scion full, without the shoot then of damage by disease and insect as stiff wood grafting, the fringe bar is by kind, according to fringe bar length, thickness difference bailing, every 40 a bundles are hung label, indicate kind, collecting location and time, after enter as early as possible freezer and preserve, temperature is controlled at 3 ℃.
(2) stiff wood grafting time from spring resin flow, phloem can separate with xylem, branch starts Zhan Yeshi, extremely full leaf sheet launches fully, when male flower is in full bloom, stop, all can carry out during this time, be roughly the first tenday period of a month in mid-April to May, if scion can be preserved well at the temperature of 3 ℃, grafting time also can suitably be put off.
(3) check the scion preservation condition before grafting, the fringe bar was taken out from refrigerated room in first 3 days in grafting, put into basin or bucket, add 30 ℃ of warm water to be wakened.
(4) the scion lower end is whittled into to shape fond of gossip during grafting, the long 7cm of tongue, then, by the outer bast zone part of scion ligule part thin cutting gently, expose interior bast zone;
(5) for guaranteeing grafting mouth healing rate and quality, the stock age of tree preferably was controlled at below 15 years, and robust growth, without damage by disease and insect; Grafting part limb diameter 5 or 8cm.
(6) in the circumscribed direction in cross section, stock grafting position, use grafting knife in 1/3 place of stock exoderm, rip cutting from top to bottom, it is vertical that the rip cutting direction is wanted, and do not want deflection, and length should be equal in length or slightly long with the scion ligule, and width should be slightly wider than scion ligule width; After cutting simultaneously the interior bast zone of stock cross section incision from top to bottom 2cm use highly again the grafting knife skiving, with improve scion insert after the tightness degree that engages of anvil fringe;
(7) the scion xylem of selective separating is slowly inserted between stock cortex and xylem, during insertion, progressively scion cortex and xylem is taken off from, scion is clipped between stock cortex and xylem, the cortex of scion is clipped between the bast that stock cuts;
(8) after scion is inserted, first with double-deck newspaper, the stock cross section hidden fully and wraps up, then with the rope made of hemp or nylon rope, newspaper, scion and stock tighten in the lump being fixed;
(9) scion is wrapped up with film tape;
(10) with transparent or semitransparent plastic sack, grafting part integral body is covered and uses the rope bondage;
(11) connect rear management
1) stock is except sprouting
Before and after scion is sprouted, the rudiment on the stock of erasing in time, accomplish to see that bud just smears, " stifled lower short on ".As the scion grafting scion can not normally be sprouted on the 15th, can be transferring 2 rudiments of anvil fracture proper site reservation, in order to mended bud grafting after branching out.
2) leak informaton
After grafting 20 days, scion started to germinate, the Zhan Ye of branching out, at this moment checked 1 time every 2 days, the plastic sack of exhibition leaf and the upper end of paper bag are opened to an osculum, tender tip tip is stretched out, De Fang air port, upper end is ascending, can not disposablely open, and more can not remove sack too early.
3) anti-windbreak
When young sprout grows to 30cm, in time at interface, tie up the long rod of 1.5m, young sprout is gently tied up on a rod in case windbreak, along with the elongation of young sprout bondage 2 times again, and pinching in time promotes lignification.
4) remove colligation
When young sprout grows to 70cm, the callus of interface heals and fills up, and anvil, fringe strong bonded, now can all be removed the bondage thing together, but the grafted stock of not damaging.
Implementation result
(1) survival rate: traditional slotting skin whip graft technology, in Xinjiang, in practical application for many years, survival rate remains on 60-80% substantially; And the slotting skin whip graft method after technological improvement, survival rate can reach more than 95%.Relatively more outstanding is to create especially the large tree of grafting 2800 strain, the excellent record that only has a strain not survive in the transformation of low yield garden, Xiao Erbage township, Hetian City in 2010.
(2) the healing of grafting part: with original method, compare, the method after improvement is because scion all is wrapped on stock, and the healing of grafting part is faster than original method, and the smoothness of healing is also will more original method good.
The contrast verification of this method technique effect, in Table.
Table
Conclusion: the stock age of tree was selected below 15 years, and grafting part limb diameter is less than 10cm, and circumscribed direction 1/3-1/2 place, cross section, stock grafting position, with grafting knife rip cutting from top to bottom; The scion xylem inserts between stock cortex and xylem, and the cortex of scion is wrapped between the stock bast of incision, forms two healed surface; Double-deck newspaper carries out shading to the stock grafting cross section, makes it to form dark situation, accelerates evoked callus and forms; The moisturizing of mulch film bar parcel fringe bar, grafting section will cover and form environment in greenhouse with transparent or semitransparent plastic sack, guarantee that sprout sprouts and the initial stage survival and growth, the method is simple and easy to do, can reduce to greatest extent infection process, can improve graft survival rate more than 15%, there is important production and application and be worth.
Claims (2)
1. a packaging type walnut is inserted skin whip graft method, it is characterized in that: implement step by step;
The annual 2-3 month of step 1 gathers scion, is placed in the husky Tibetan of ice cell or low-temperature cold-storage, and wherein husky Tibetan temperature is 0-5 ℃, and sand humidity is 60%; Before grafting, 2-3d takes out, and is placed in basin or bucket, with 30 ℃ of water, wakens;
During step 2 grafting, the scion lower end is whittled into to shape fond of gossip, the long 6-7cm of tongue, then, by thin the cutting of outer bast zone part of scion ligule part, expose interior bast zone;
Step 3 is selected stock, and the diameter of grafting part limb is 3-10cm;
Step 4, in the circumscribed direction in cross section, stock grafting position, uses grafting knife in the 1/3-1/2 place of stock exoderm, rip cutting from top to bottom, it is vertical that the rip cutting direction is wanted, do not want deflection, length should be equal in length or slightly long with the scion ligule, and width should be slightly wider than scion ligule width; After cutting simultaneously the interior bast zone of stock cross section incision from top to bottom 2cm use highly again the grafting knife skiving, improve scion insert after the tightness degree that engages of anvil fringe;
Step 5 is slowly inserted the scion xylem of selective separating between stock cortex and xylem, during insertion, progressively scion cortex and xylem is taken off from, scion is clipped between stock cortex and xylem, the cortex of scion is clipped between the bast that stock cuts;
Step 6 scion first hides the stock cross section fully and wraps up with double-deck newspaper after inserting, and then with the rope made of hemp or nylon rope, newspaper, scion and stock tighten is in the lump fixed;
Step 7 scion is wrapped up with film tape;
Step 8 covers and uses the rope bondage with transparent or semitransparent plastic sack by grafting part integral body;
Step 9 final-period management:
1) stock is except sprouting: before and after scion is sprouted, and the rudiment on the stock of erasing in time;
2) before and after grafting, within two weeks, do not water;
3) leak informaton: grafting 20-30d, the scion Zhan Ye of branching out that germinates, checked 1 time every 2 days, at the plastic sack of exhibition leaf and the upper end of paper bag, opens an anti-air port, and tender tip tip is stretched out, and can not remove sack too early;
4) anti-windbreak: when young sprout grows to 28-35cm, in the interface bondage, prop up rod, and pinching in time promotes lignification;
5) remove colligation: when young sprout grows to 65-75cm, remove the bondage thing, but the grafted stock of not damaging;
6) prevent that germ is to the cross section wound intrusion of grafting, and carry out the winter protection protection of surviving the winter.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the method reduces infection process, improves graft survival rate and reaches more than 15%.
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