CN104920157A - Dwarfing high-yield method for walnut mature trees - Google Patents

Abstract

A dwarfing high-yield method for walnut mature trees. The method comprises the following steps of: S1, selecting a variety; S2, preparing soil: selecting a slope facing the sun and a lee to plant, trimming a ladder zone according to the terrain and landform with the outer side of the ladder zone higher than the inner side, placing surface soil and bottom soil separately during trimming the ladder zone and spreading the surface soil and the bottom soil uniformly when the soil is backfilled, planting the walnut trees with planting density of 2.5m-4.0 m, namely 1050 plants/hm<2> in February and March after the soil is thawed; and S3, planting: cutting off damaged roots or rotten roots of walnut seedlings before planting as the walnut seedlings have long primary roots, and then putting and dipping the seedlings into a slurry tank with pre-stirred slurry; before planting, making lines and fixing holes to dip a large fish-scale pit with the length, width and depth being 80cm, then pressing an organic fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and soil into the pit in layers, after the root of the seedling is surrounded tightly by fine soil, gently pulling up the seedling to ensure that the root system closely contacts the soil, then burying soil and covering compactly until the covered soil is parallel to the land surface, watering enough root fixing water, wherein the surrounded root is covered with virtual soil with thickness of 5-7 cm to prevent the surface soil from hardening; and carrying out short pruning on positions, 60cm from the ground, of the trees, thereby forming stem height of about 50 cm and providing 7-10 plump buds in upper trimming zones of the stems.

Description

Stunt high production method for walnut tree

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of economic crops Cultivating techniques field, particularly a kind of stunt high production method for walnut tree.

Background technology

Early-fruiting walnut have result early, the advantage such as yielding ability is strong, pericarp is thin, commodity value is high, little, the convenient harvesting of tree body, at present, early-fruiting walnut is knob, shallow mountain spread throughout the country, but, for a long time, because orchard worker's level of production is low, cultivation management is extensive, and technology awareness is thin, causes that tree body early ageing, the harm of sick worm are serious, commodity poor performance, the high yield time is short, economic benefit is low problem, these Problems existing, have impact on the enthusiasm of people's plantation greatly.In order to solve above Problems existing, people are seeking a kind of desirable technical solution always.

Present walnut becomes the survival rate of tree method for stunting not high, yields poorly.

Summary of the invention

In view of this, the invention provides a kind of stunt high production method for walnut tree.

A kind of stunt high production method for walnut tree, it comprises the steps:

S1, Fruit variety: within 2 ~ 3 years, bear fruit after selecting to be used in grafting field planting, within 4 ~ 5 years, enter the Walnut Cultivars in the full bearing period;

S2, whole: to select to plant towards tailo and lee side; According to the terraced band of landform mountain shape trimming, interior low outer height wanted by ladder band, and during whole band, table soil, subsoil divide opening, and backfill is shakeout evenly, and the 2-3 month after soil thaws plants, and planting density is advisable with 2.5m × 4.0m, i.e. 1050 strains/hm2;

S3, to plant: walnut nursery stock main root is long, before planting by nursery stock hinder root or rotten cut, be then placed on dipping in stock tank of mixing in advance and dip in slurry, allow mud wrap up in master, the fibrous root of full sapling, make root system suction moisture, improve survival rate; Before planting, unwrapping wire determines Wa great fish scale pit, cave, length and width, dark each 80cm, then divide and be laminated into fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, earth, root fine earth encloses Yan Houyao and upwards carries nursery stock gently, and soil and root system are touched, then earthing bury tight concordant with ground till, water sufficient normal root water, enclose root and will cover loosened soil, thickness of earth covering 5 ~ 7cm, in order to avoid topsoil hardens; At 60cm place cutting back, dry like this height has about 50cm, has 7 ~ 10 full buds, be beneficial to sprout healthy and strong branch, for major branch of selecting and remain in dry top shaping strip.

In stunt high production method for walnut tree of the present invention, it also comprises the steps:

S4 pruning:

The pruning of treelet: Juglans regia trees started to prune in late September, in order to cultivate tree body skeleton, has expanded tree crown, impels result ahead of time;

The pruning in the full bearing period: the full bearing period walnut after fruit harvesting, leaf prunes before not turning yellow.

In stunt high production method for walnut tree of the present invention, it also comprises the steps:

S5, Hetaoyuan field management:

Antifreeze process: remove accumulated snow around trunk, investigate thoroughly limb freeze injury position, prune, wipe out the withered part of limb, smears clip with sterilization with 3 ~ 550% thiophanate methyl wetting powder, 50 times of liquid; May next year early and middle ten days, screening after pruning branch sprouts branch, young sprout.The choosing new skeleton branch of training and fruit-bearing shoot cluster, wipe out back branch, vertical branch, overstocked branch;

The rich water quality management of growth period

Treat that ground temperature gos up, will loosen the soil to tree dish after surface soil thaws, fertilizing, watering 1 time immediately before rudiment; Fertilising will notice that fertilizer combines with nitrogenous fertilizer, and lift-augmented mechanism can significantly improve walnut and to bear fruit yield and quality, adopts and hugs ditch ring-type fertilization method.

Stunt high production method for walnut tree of the present invention, walnut survival rate, the output of walnut is high.

Embodiment

In the stunt high production method for walnut tree described in the embodiment of the present invention, it comprises the steps:

S1, Fruit variety: within 2 ~ 3 years, bear fruit after selecting to be used in grafting field planting, within 4 ~ 5 years, enter the Walnut Cultivars in the full bearing period;

S2, whole: to select to plant towards tailo and lee side; According to the terraced band of landform mountain shape trimming, interior low outer height wanted by ladder band, and during whole band, table soil, subsoil divide opening, and backfill is shakeout evenly, and the 2-3 month after soil thaws plants, and planting density is advisable with 2.5m × 4.0m, i.e. 1050 strains/hm2;

S3, to plant: walnut nursery stock main root is long, before planting by nursery stock hinder root or rotten cut, be then placed on dipping in stock tank of mixing in advance and dip in slurry, allow mud wrap up in master, the fibrous root of full sapling, make root system suction moisture, improve survival rate; Before planting, unwrapping wire determines Wa great fish scale pit, cave, length and width, dark each 80cm, then divide and be laminated into fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, earth, root fine earth encloses Yan Houyao and upwards carries nursery stock gently, and soil and root system are touched, then earthing bury tight concordant with ground till, water sufficient normal root water, enclose root and will cover loosened soil, thickness of earth covering 5 ~ 7cm, in order to avoid topsoil hardens; At 60cm place cutting back, dry like this height has about 50cm, has 7 ~ 10 full buds, be beneficial to sprout healthy and strong branch, for major branch of selecting and remain in dry top shaping strip.

Alternatively, it can also comprise the steps:

S4 pruning:

The pruning of treelet: Juglans regia trees started to prune in late September, in order to cultivate tree body skeleton, has expanded tree crown, impels result ahead of time; Treelet adopts the penetrating shape of nature, method is: the 1st year fixed dry plant survive after, trunk is not obvious, emphasis cultivates 2 ~ 3 major branches, is 2 forks or 3 fork structures, during young sprout pumping 80 ~ 100cm, if growing way is unbalanced, then to carry out pinching to growth major branch prosperous by force, control its growth, make 3 major branch length basically identical.The 5-6 month, choosing is evenly distributed, eugonic branch, the developmental branch of more than 50cm is cut off 2 ~ 3, top bud, to increase a branch quantity in the coming year.Before fallen leaves, part is not enriched in the developmental branch top of cutting water sprout, and clip enriches on full outer bud in middle and upper part.Within after walnut shaping 2 years, carry out drawing branch, to promote that walnut is downgraded, impel closing as early as possible, within general 3 ~ 4 years, be shaped, the height of tree 3 ~ 5m during shaping, to promote that walnut shifts to an earlier date result and high yield.

The pruning in the full bearing period: the full bearing period walnut after fruit harvesting, leaf prunes before not turning yellow, now prune, temperature is low, though wound healing is slow, nutrient loss is few; The walnut normally planted, enters the full bearing period after general 5 ~ 7 years, the mark in the full bearing period: tree vigo(u)r is tending towards relaxing, and tree crown expands slowly, and all kinds of branch group is complete, and fruit bearing shoot increases, and output rises, and middle fruit spur proportion is high.The full bearing period, the main task of pruning was: maintain tree vigo(u)r, regulated the equilibrium of each master branch growth gesture and upgraded fruit-bearing shoot cluster, prevented from moving outside the interior thorax inanition of tree body and result.Note cultivating the branch group grown fine, make good use of auxiliary support branch and water sprout, process is branch and descending branch behind.At the result initial stage, cultivate strong fruit-bearing shoot cluster.Cultivate and rejuvenation branch group; Water sprout did not generally stay at the result initial stage, can change branch group the full bearing period into and utilize, control back branch; Descending branch bearing capacity is poor, remove year by year.

Alternatively, it can also comprise the steps:

S5, Hetaoyuan field management:

Antifreeze process: remove accumulated snow around trunk, investigate thoroughly limb freeze injury position, prune, wipe out the withered part of limb, smears clip with sterilization with 3 ~ 550% thiophanate methyl wetting powder, 50 times of liquid; May next year early and middle ten days, screening after pruning branch sprouts branch, young sprout.The choosing new skeleton branch of training and fruit-bearing shoot cluster, wipe out back branch, vertical branch, overstocked branch;

The rich water quality management of growth period

Treat that ground temperature gos up, will loosen the soil to tree dish after surface soil thaws, fertilizing, watering 1 time immediately before rudiment; Fertilising will notice that fertilizer combines with nitrogenous fertilizer, and lift-augmented mechanism can significantly improve walnut and to bear fruit yield and quality, adopts and hugs ditch ring-type fertilization method.Treelet fertilization principle is that Bao Shiqin executes, and field planting starts to topdress after germinateing then, monthly 1 time, to executing 1 base manure by the end of September.The key benefit of fertilizing in autumn is, after walnut enters September, root system enters the 2nd secondary growth peak, fertilising is hindered root and is easily healed, and new root can be sent, root system can fully absorb, and for autumn, the photosynthesis of blade provides nutrient raw material, thus promote the accumulation of organic nutrient substance in autumn, improve storage level and the cold resistance of trunk infusion material; Also can execute urea about 225kg/hm2, but will water after noting fertilising at once, promote that urea dilution and tree body are to the absorption of fertilizer efficiency.The annual basal dressing of bearing tree (referring to that grafting field planting is after 4th ~ 5 years) 1 time, organic fertilizer about 52.5t/hm2, imposes urea about 300kg/hm2; The fruit stone phase imposes superphosphate 300kg/hm2.

The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby the scope of the claims of the present invention is limited; every utilize description of the present invention to do equivalent structure or equivalent flow process conversion; or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical field, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. a stunt high production method for walnut tree, is characterized in that, it comprises the steps:

S1, Fruit variety: within 2 ~ 3 years, bear fruit after selecting to be used in grafting field planting, within 4 ~ 5 years, enter the Walnut Cultivars in the full bearing period;

S2, whole: to select to plant towards tailo and lee side; According to the terraced band of landform mountain shape trimming, interior low outer height wanted by ladder band, and during whole band, table soil, subsoil divide opening, and backfill is shakeout evenly, and the 2-3 month after soil thaws plants, and planting density is advisable with 2.5m × 4.0m, i.e. 1050 strains/hm2;

S3, to plant: walnut nursery stock main root is long, before planting by nursery stock hinder root or rotten cut, be then placed on dipping in stock tank of mixing in advance and dip in slurry, allow mud wrap up in master, the fibrous root of full sapling, make root system suction moisture, improve survival rate; Before planting, unwrapping wire determines Wa great fish scale pit, cave, length and width, dark each 80cm, then divide and be laminated into fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, earth, root fine earth encloses Yan Houyao and upwards carries nursery stock gently, and soil and root system are touched, then earthing bury tight concordant with ground till, water sufficient normal root water, enclose root and will cover loosened soil, thickness of earth covering 5 ~ 7cm, in order to avoid topsoil hardens; At 60cm place cutting back, dry like this height has about 50cm, has 7 ~ 10 full buds, be beneficial to sprout healthy and strong branch, for major branch of selecting and remain in dry top shaping strip.

2. stunt high production method for walnut tree as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, it also comprises the steps:

S4 pruning:

The pruning of treelet: Juglans regia trees started to prune in late September, in order to cultivate tree body skeleton, has expanded tree crown, impels result ahead of time;

The pruning in the full bearing period: the full bearing period walnut after fruit harvesting, leaf prunes before not turning yellow.

3. stunt high production method for walnut tree as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, it also comprises the steps:

S5, Hetaoyuan field management:

Antifreeze process: remove accumulated snow around trunk, investigate thoroughly limb freeze injury position, prune, wipe out the withered part of limb, smears clip with sterilization with 3 ~ 550% thiophanate methyl wetting powder, 50 times of liquid; May next year early and middle ten days, screening after pruning branch sprouts branch, young sprout.The choosing new skeleton branch of training and fruit-bearing shoot cluster, wipe out back branch, vertical branch, overstocked branch;

The rich water quality management of growth period

Treat that ground temperature gos up, will loosen the soil to tree dish after surface soil thaws, fertilizing, watering 1 time immediately before rudiment; Fertilising will notice that fertilizer combines with nitrogenous fertilizer, and lift-augmented mechanism can significantly improve walnut and to bear fruit yield and quality, adopts and hugs ditch ring-type fertilization method.