CN104303928A - Maintenance method for adult tea-oil tree forest - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a maintenance method for an adult tea-oil tree forest. The maintenance method comprises the following operating steps: improvement of stand condition: performing shallow hoeing by at least one time every year and digging deep by one time every three years according to the site conditions and the variety type after tea-oil trees enter a full productive age; fertilizing: applying fertilizers different in types according to soil nutrition content, the growth conditions of the tea-oil trees and different periods of growth; pruning: pruning deadwoods, insect-plague branches and the like by giving priority to thinning-out cut after fruit harvesting every year but before sap flows in the next year; density adjustment: performing the density adjustment by 1-2 times within 2-3 years according to the conditions of a forest land when branches and leaves cover each other in a close planting forest land, performing complementary planting in a thin forest, and replacing seeds in a weak forest; crown grafting: calibrating part of weak plants in the adult forests through two-year observation, wherein scions of superior trees are used, and a subcutaneous scion grafting method is adopted. By adopting the maintenance method, a young tea-oil tree forest can grow healthily; after tea-oil trees grow into an economic forest, the fruiting rate of the tea-oil trees can be increased by 10-20 percent; the activity of peasants planting the tea-oil trees is enhanced.

Description

A kind of oil tea grows into forest maintaining method

Technical field

The present invention relates to the implantation methods of oil tea, especially a kind of oil tea grows into forest maintaining method.

Background technology

Oil tea belongs to Theaceae, Latin literary fame Camellia oleiferaAbel, and xanthin, theophylline etc. are contained in Camellia Leaves portion, and be the raw material of medical industry, timber can do small-sized farm tools.Seed can extract oil edible.Tea oil look clear taste is fragrant, nutritious, storage tolerance, is high-quality edible oil; Also can be used as lubricating oil, antirust oil for industry.Since entering 21 century, China's camellia oleiferaindustry development is very fast, and construction of base progressively expands, but but there are some forest farms at present improper to oil tea tending [after young plantation method, affect oil tea sapling and grow up healthy and sound, after causing oil tea to grow into forest, fruit bearing rate is low, and camellia oleifera fruit output is not high.

Summary of the invention

The present invention aims to provide a kind of oil tea and to grow into forest maintaining method, and main purpose is to guarantee oil tea young growth healthy growth, improve oil tea grow into forest after fruit bearing rate.

The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:

This kind of oil tea grows into forest maintaining method, comprises following operating procedure:

(1) cultivate again: after oil tea enters the full bearing period, according to land occupation condition, variety type, annual at least shallow hoe once, within 3 years, deep-cut once, carry out after annual rainy season and before arriving dry season, the shallow hoe degree of depth is at 8-12 centimetres, deep-cut should after fruit picking to next year resin flowing before the degree of depth at 15 ~ 20 centimetres, cultivate multiple attention forest land water and soil conservation, physical features is mild, the oil tea forest land of the gradient below 15 can be cultivated entirely, on mountain top, hill-side and the foot of the hill stay water to protect band, the gradient is more than 15, for sandstone, the soil that granite is grown, band should be adopted to cultivate, dig a band and stay a band, next year rotation,

(2) apply fertilizer: according to the different times of soil nutrient content, Growth of Camellia oleifera situation and growth, impose dissimilar fertilizer, based on phosphorus potash fertilizer, fertilizer, phosphonitrogen, every mu of sealing fertilizer 15-20kg every year, and lay equal stress on fertilizer and use;

(3) prune: oil tea, to prune off, after annual fruit harvesting to resin flowing in next year, wipes out deadwood, sick branch, intersection branch, thin and delicate interior thorax branch, pin branch, water sprout;

(4) adjust density: dense planting forest land, generally in 10 ~ 12 years, when branches and leaves cover mutually, now should look forest land situation, in 2 ~ 3 years, divide and carry out density adjustment 1 ~ 2 time, kind is changed in rare woods after-culture, bad woods;

(5) height connects and changes hat: for the part weak plant in growing into forest, observed through 2 years and demarcate, with select tree fringe bar, adopt subcutaneous stem grafting method, concrete operations are broken anvil, select trunk diameter 3-4 centimetre of stock sawed-off in dry high 40-80 centimeters, break anvil time prevent stock cortex from tearing, every strain stays 2-3 major branch make vegetative shoot and shelter from heat or light, and all the other are all removed; Dry with clean water stock fracture, scabble saw kerf with grafting knife, high outer low in bevel, slightly gradient; Cut anvil and draw skin, with single-edge blade, dry hide is cut, deeply reach xylem, tear skin towards a direction, to connect rear wrapping; Cut-grafting fringe, with single-edge blade at fringe bar leaf bud reverse side from bastem slightly below, straightly down to cut sth. askew, tangent plane is slightly shown in xylem, the visible medulla of base portion, a short otch of cutting sth. askew below leaf bud, again above petiole 2 ~ 3 millimeters block, become the scion of 1 bud 1 leaf, put in clear water stand-by, insert scion, the long tangent plane of scion inwardly, near insert, the a little higher than stock fracture of scion tangent plane is convenient to the healing of scion stock, below during wrapping, slightly skin is torn at stationary point, because the nutrition of large tree is vigorous, facilitates too much nutrition to discharge; With the plastic sack moisturizing of water logging, during bagging by bag outward inwardly, moisture is stayed in bag, moisturizing, stays outside bag by the thin bamboo strips used for weaving of support, is convenient to excess moisture in bag and flows out, shelter from heat or light at plastic sack skin by east-west direction bundle with newspaper, remove moisturizing bag after 40 days but also need to shelter from heat or light, grafting time, completed to mid-June with a slice forest land in mid or late May in 1 year ~ 2 years.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: this method can make oil tea young growth healthy growth, after Growth of Camellia oleifera becomes economic forest, the fruit bearing rate of oil tea can improve 10-20%.Add the enthusiasm of peasant planting oil tea.

Other advantages of the present invention, target and feature will be set forth to a certain extent in the following description, and to a certain extent, based on will be apparent to those skilled in the art to investigating hereafter, or can be instructed from the practice of the present invention.

Embodiment

Below will be described in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention.Should be appreciated that preferred embodiment only in order to the present invention is described, instead of in order to limit the scope of the invention.

Implement place: Huang Piao village of Huang Piao township, Huangping County.

The present embodiment comprises the following steps:

(1) cultivate again: after oil tea enters the full bearing period, according to land occupation condition, variety type, annual at least shallow hoe once, within 3 years, deep-cut once, carry out after annual rainy season and before arriving dry season, the shallow hoe degree of depth, at 10 centimetres, is deep-cut the degree of depth before should flowing to resin in next year after fruit picking and, at 17 centimetres, is cultivated multiple attention forest land water and soil conservation, physical features is mild, the oil tea forest land of the gradient below 15 can be cultivated entirely, and on mountain top, hill-side and the foot of the hill stay water to protect band, and the gradient is more than 15, for the soil that sandstone, granite are grown, band should be adopted to cultivate, dig a band and stay a band, next year rotation;

(2) apply fertilizer: according to the different times of soil nutrient content, Growth of Camellia oleifera situation and growth, impose dissimilar fertilizer, based on phosphorus potash fertilizer, fertilizer, phosphonitrogen, every mu of sealing fertilizer 16kg every year, and lay equal stress on fertilizer and use;

(3) prune: oil tea, to prune off, after annual fruit harvesting to resin flowing in next year, wipes out deadwood, sick branch, intersection branch, thin and delicate interior thorax branch, pin branch, water sprout etc.;

(4) adjust density: dense planting forest land, generally in 10 ~ 12 years, when branches and leaves cover mutually, now should look forest land situation, in 2 ~ 3 years, divide and carry out density adjustment 1 ~ 2 time, kind is changed in rare woods after-culture, bad woods;

(5) height connects and changes hat: for the part weak plant in growing into forest, observed through 2 years and demarcate, with select tree fringe bar, adopt subcutaneous stem grafting method, concrete operations are broken anvil, select trunk diameter 3-4 centimetre of stock sawed-off in dry high 40-80 centimeters, break anvil time prevent stock cortex from tearing, every strain stays 2-3 major branch make vegetative shoot and shelter from heat or light, and all the other are all removed; Dry with clean water stock fracture, scabble saw kerf with grafting knife, high outer low in bevel, slightly gradient; Cut anvil and draw skin, with single-edge blade, dry hide is cut, deeply reach xylem, tear skin towards a direction, to connect rear wrapping; Cut-grafting fringe, with single-edge blade at fringe bar leaf bud reverse side from bastem slightly below, straightly down to cut sth. askew, tangent plane is slightly shown in xylem, the visible medulla of base portion, a short otch of cutting sth. askew below leaf bud, again above petiole 2 ~ 3 millimeters block, become the scion of 1 bud 1 leaf, put in clear water stand-by, insert scion, the long tangent plane of scion inwardly, near insert, the a little higher than stock fracture of scion tangent plane is convenient to the healing of scion stock, below during wrapping, slightly skin is torn at stationary point, because the nutrition of large tree is vigorous, facilitates too much nutrition to discharge; With the plastic sack moisturizing of water logging, during bagging by bag outward inwardly, moisture is stayed in bag, moisturizing, stays outside bag by the thin bamboo strips used for weaving of support, is convenient to excess moisture in bag and flows out, shelter from heat or light at plastic sack skin by east-west direction bundle with newspaper, remove moisturizing bag after 40 days but also need to shelter from heat or light, grafting time, completed to mid-June with a slice forest land in mid or late May in 1 year ~ 2 years.

By adopting method of the present invention, can make oil tea young growth healthy growth, after Growth of Camellia oleifera becomes economic forest, the fruit bearing rate of oil tea can improve 10-20%.

What finally illustrate is, above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention and unrestricted, although with reference to preferred embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can modify to technical scheme of the present invention or equivalent replacement, and not departing from aim and the scope of the technical program, it all should be encompassed in the middle of right of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. oil tea grows into forest a maintaining method, it is characterized in that: comprise following operating procedure:

(1) cultivate again: after oil tea enters the full bearing period, according to land occupation condition, variety type, annual at least shallow hoe once, within 3 years, deep-cut once, carry out after annual rainy season and before arriving dry season, the shallow hoe degree of depth is at 8-12 centimetres, deep-cut should after fruit picking to next year resin flowing before the degree of depth at 15 ~ 20 centimetres, cultivate multiple attention forest land water and soil conservation, physical features is mild, the oil tea forest land of the gradient below 15 can be cultivated entirely, on mountain top, hill-side and the foot of the hill stay water to protect band, the gradient is more than 15, for sandstone, the soil that granite is grown, band should be adopted to cultivate, dig a band and stay a band, next year rotation,

(2) apply fertilizer: according to the different times of soil nutrient content, Growth of Camellia oleifera situation and growth, impose dissimilar fertilizer, based on phosphorus potash fertilizer, fertilizer, phosphonitrogen, every mu of sealing fertilizer 15-20kg every year, and lay equal stress on fertilizer and use;

(3) prune: oil tea, to prune off, after annual fruit harvesting to resin flowing in next year, wipes out deadwood, sick branch, intersection branch, thin and delicate interior thorax branch, pin branch, water sprout;

(4) adjust density: dense planting forest land, generally in 10 ~ 12 years, when branches and leaves cover mutually, now should look forest land situation, in 2 ~ 3 years, divide and carry out density adjustment 1 ~ 2 time, kind is changed in rare woods after-culture, bad woods;

(5) height connects and changes hat: for the part weak plant in growing into forest, observed through 2 years and demarcate, with select tree fringe bar, adopt subcutaneous stem grafting method, concrete operations are broken anvil, select trunk diameter 3-4 centimetre of stock sawed-off in dry high 40-80 centimeters, break anvil time prevent stock cortex from tearing, every strain stays 2-3 major branch make vegetative shoot and shelter from heat or light, and all the other are all removed; Dry with clean water stock fracture, scabble saw kerf with grafting knife, high outer low in bevel, slightly gradient; Cut anvil and draw skin, with single-edge blade, dry hide is cut, deeply reach xylem, tear skin towards a direction, to connect rear wrapping; Cut-grafting fringe, with single-edge blade at fringe bar leaf bud reverse side from bastem slightly below, straightly down to cut sth. askew, tangent plane is slightly shown in xylem, the visible medulla of base portion, a short otch of cutting sth. askew below leaf bud, again above petiole 2 ~ 3 millimeters block, become the scion of 1 bud 1 leaf, put in clear water stand-by, insert scion, the long tangent plane of scion inwardly, near insert, the a little higher than stock fracture of scion tangent plane is convenient to the healing of scion stock, below during wrapping, slightly skin is torn at stationary point, because the nutrition of large tree is vigorous, facilitates too much nutrition to discharge; With the plastic sack moisturizing of water logging, during bagging by bag outward inwardly, moisture is stayed in bag, moisturizing, stays outside bag by the thin bamboo strips used for weaving of support, is convenient to excess moisture in bag and flows out, shelter from heat or light at plastic sack skin by east-west direction bundle with newspaper, remove moisturizing bag after 40 days but also need to shelter from heat or light, grafting time, completed to mid-June with a slice forest land in mid or late May in 1 year ~ 2 years.