CN112703950A - Simple and easy rejuvenation method for low-efficiency camellia oleifera trees - Google Patents
Simple and easy rejuvenation method for low-efficiency camellia oleifera trees Download PDFInfo
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- CN112703950A CN112703950A CN202011465965.XA CN202011465965A CN112703950A CN 112703950 A CN112703950 A CN 112703950A CN 202011465965 A CN202011465965 A CN 202011465965A CN 112703950 A CN112703950 A CN 112703950A
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- 230000003716 rejuvenation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 241000526900 Camellia oleifera Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003211 malignant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 10
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000010495 camellia oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000021022 fresh fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241001481710 Cerambycidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000006468 Thea sinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000201702 Torenia fournieri Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001133760 Acoelorraphe Species 0.000 description 1
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001124134 Chrysomelidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007049 Juglans regia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009496 Juglans regia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007817 Olea europaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000057114 Sapium sebiferum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005128 Sapium sebiferum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000153888 Tung Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005089 fruit drop Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940099259 vaseline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003357 wound healing promoting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
A simple and easy rejuvenation method for low-efficiency camellia oleifera trees comprises the following steps: (1) genetic identification, wherein the yield of a single-plant tea fruit is observed and recorded for 4 years continuously, and individuals with less perennial fruiting quantity are marked; (2) cause diagnosis, namely performing cause diagnosis on individuals with less perennial fruiting quantity; (3) diagnosing and adjusting the deterioration according to the cause, and cutting down individuals with short growth vigor and serious pest damage; meanwhile, the good-quality large-seedling replanting is carried out on the forest gap and the forest margin vacant land after the inferior quality is removed; (4) cutting branches and rejuvenating, wherein in winter or early spring, the remained individuals after the inferiority is removed are cut off after the primary or secondary branches are kept for 20-100cm, so as to promote the new branches to sprout, then 2-3 strong new branches are selected and remained as main branches, and the rest sprouts are removed; after 2-3 years, the branches are cut off to form a new crown.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a simple and feasible rejuvenation method for low-efficiency camellia oleifera trees.
Background
Camellia oleifera (Camellia oleifera Abel) is a unique woody oil plant species in China, is called four woody oil plants in the world together with olive, palm and coconut, and is called four woody oil plants in China together with Chinese tallow tree, tung tree and walnut. Because the tea oil is rich in nutrient components necessary for human bodies, the oil and fat composition of the tea oil is similar to or even superior to that of olive oil, and the tea oil is often called as 'east olive oil' and is a green health-care edible oil recognized in the world. In recent years, with the pursuit of health and the national food and oil safety strategy, the oil tea and the tea oil gradually arouse new social understanding, and the oil tea industry is also rapidly developed.
The existing oil tea forest is generally low in yield, large-area low-yield forests exist, and the forests need to be transformed. The low-yield forest has 3 specific manifestations: firstly, the yield of tea fruits is greatly reduced. Although flowers are not few, the fruit yield is less, the physiological fruit drop is more serious, the yield is obviously reduced year by year, and the yield is reduced by more than 50 percent compared with the original yield. Secondly, the pest and disease damage is serious. A great number of plants in the forest suffer from anthracnose, soft rot and barbados every year; the canopy density is continuously increased, the ventilation and air permeability are continuously deteriorated, and the health condition of the forest stand is gradually deteriorated. And thirdly, the tree vigor is obviously attenuated, probably the tree vigor is caused by the combined action of forest stand environment and individual competition, and a plurality of individuals are reduced in growth vigor, weak in resistance, susceptible to diseases, even withered and show obvious aging characteristics.
The low-efficiency tea-oil tree forest is mainly managed as an individual forest farmer, and the difficult point of low-efficiency forest transformation is mainly concentrated on the following points: firstly, the prior art is mostly an integrated technology and is difficult to master by forest farmers; secondly, the technical investment is large, and the forest farmer is difficult to accept; thirdly, the achievement is difficult to fix and the production is difficult to popularize. Therefore, the simple and feasible tree rejuvenation technology is very urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a simple and feasible method for rejuvenating the low-efficiency camellia oleifera trees.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical means: a simple and easy rejuvenation method for low-efficiency camellia oleifera trees comprises the following steps:
(1) genetic identification, wherein the yield of a single tea plant is observed and recorded for 4 years (two big and small years), and individuals with less perennial fruiting quantity are marked;
(2) cause diagnosis, namely performing cause diagnosis on individuals with less perennial fruiting quantity; for individuals that have been tagged, low yield results from poor genetic quality; the growth vigor is declined and the damage of diseases and pests is serious due to poor competition and resistance;
(3) diagnosing and adjusting deterioration according to causes, cutting down individuals with short growth vigor and serious pest damage, and improving ventilation and light transmission conditions and nutritional conditions in forests; meanwhile, the good-quality large-seedling replanting is carried out on the forest gap and the forest margin vacant land after the inferior quality is removed;
(4) cutting branches and rejuvenating, wherein in winter or early spring, the remained individuals after the inferiority is removed are cut off after the primary or secondary branches are kept for 20-100cm, so as to promote the new branches to sprout, then 2-3 strong new branches are selected and remained as main branches, and the rest sprouts are removed; after 2-3 years, the branches are cut off to form a new crown.
Optimized, the intensity of the truncation was divided into three grades of severe (20 cm retained), moderate (50 cm retained) and mild (100 cm retained).
Further, clearing forest lands, manually clearing up all the miscellaneous irrigation and weeds under the forest in combination with a summer shallow hoe, and carrying out secondary weeding from the bottom of 9 months to the beginning of 10 months in autumn mainly before the malignant weed seeds are mature; in winter, 5kg of bio-organic fertilizer is applied in combination with the cultivated plants to improve the soil, and the anthracnose, soft rot, bluewing longicorn, tea moth and the like are mainly prevented and controlled.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method is simple and easy to operate, and forest farmers can easily master the operation; the normal crown can be quickly recovered by pruning and rejuvenation.
(2) The incidence of diseases and pests is generally reduced.
(3) The pruning rejuvenation can effectively improve the yield and the quality of the fresh fruits.
Detailed Description
A simple and easy rejuvenation method for low-efficiency camellia oleifera trees comprises the following steps:
(1) genetic identification, wherein the yield of a single tea plant is observed and recorded for 4 years (two big and small years), and individuals with less perennial fruiting quantity are marked. In contrast, unlabeled individuals have many results throughout the year, and thus are considered to be genotypically better and phenotypically better.
(2) The diagnosis of cause is performed on individuals with a small number of results throughout the year. For individuals that have been tagged, low yield results from poor genetic quality; the disease and insect resistance is poor due to competitive disadvantage, so that the growth vigor is declined, the vain is grown and the insect damage is serious.
(3) According to the cause diagnosis and the deterioration adjustment, the individuals with short growth and serious pest damage are cut down, and the ventilation and light transmission conditions and the nutritional conditions in the forest are improved. Meanwhile, good-quality large-seedling replanting is carried out on the forest gap and the forest margin vacant land after the inferior quality is removed.
(4) Cutting branches and rejuvenating, wherein in winter or early spring, the remained individuals after the inferiority is removed are cut off after the primary or secondary branches are remained for 20-100cm, so as to promote the germination of new branches, then 2-3 strong new branches are selected and remained as main branches, and the rest of the germinated branches are removed. After 2-3 years, the branches are cut off to form a new crown. The intensity of the pruning was divided into three grades of heavy (20 cm retained), moderate (50 cm retained) and light (100 cm retained). The cut is susceptible to infection, and can be applied with vaseline mixed with carbendazim powder or special wound healing agent.
In addition, forest land cleaning is also carried out, the miscellaneous irrigation and weeds under the forest are completely removed by combining with manual work of a summer shallow hoe, and the secondary weeding is carried out from the bottom of 9 months to the beginning of 10 months in autumn mainly before the malignant weed seeds are mature; in winter, 5kg of bio-organic fertilizer is applied in combination with the cultivated plants to improve the soil, and the anthracnose, soft rot, bluewing longicorn, tea moth and the like are mainly prevented and controlled.
The test method comprises the following steps: for 1140 (most) individuals remained after the inferiority is removed, in winter or early spring, the first-stage or second-stage branch is kept for 20-100cm, then cut off to promote the branch to sprout, then 2-3 strong new branches are selected and remained as main branches, and the rest sprouts are removed. After 2-3 years, the branches are cut off to form a new crown.
The test results are as follows: first, pruning and rejuvenation can quickly restore normal crowns. The average annual growth rate of crown width in the first six years reaches 62 percent, and the crown width in 2 years after the lopping reaches 4.72m2The crown layer is up to 1.32 m; the crown width reaches 9.47m 4 years after the lopping2The crown layer is as high as 2.2 m; the crown width reaches 11.7m 6 years after the lopping2The crown layer is up to 2.5 m. Secondly, the incidence rate of diseases and insects is generally reduced, as the canopy density of the forest stand is reduced to 0.71, the light-transmitting and ventilating conditions of the forest land are obviously improved, the plants with dead rot are removed, the forest stand is healthier, the incidence rate of typical diseases of old oil tea forests such as anthracnose, lobbies and the like is below 17.2%, the incidence rate of insect pests such as leaf beetles, moth moths and the like is below 15%, wherein the incidence rate of the lobbies is zero, and the incidence rate of other diseases and insects is obviously reduced. Finally, the pruning rejuvenation can effectively improve the yield and the quality of the fresh fruits. The yield of the low-yield test field is measured by related experts of the organization of the oil tea industry association in Ganzhou city in 9 months of 2019, and the result shows that the yield of 2 years of pruning modification reaches 237.38 kg/mu, the yield of 4 years of pruning modification is 732 kg/mu, the yield of 5 years of pruning modification of fresh fruits reaches 953.67 kg/mu, and the yield of a control group is only: 314.96 kg/mu. Basically, the three-year-old three-season rice is leveled up in 3 years, doubled in 4 years and stable in yield in 5 years. Taking the stable yield forest 5 years after the branch cutting as an example, the fruit bearing amount reaches 1.43kg/m2The increase compared with the control is 204%; the weight of a single fruit is 36.38g, which is increased by 20 percent compared with the control; the fresh seed yield is 45.98 percent, and the contrast is increased by 13.5 percent; the oil yield of the fresh fruit is 8.2 percent, which is increased by 20 percent compared with the control.
The above embodiments illustrate various embodiments of the present invention in detail, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can achieve the objectives of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention, and any modifications and variations based on the concept of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention, which is defined by the claims.
Claims (3)
1. A simple and easy rejuvenation method for low-efficiency camellia oleifera trees is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) genetic identification, wherein the yield of a single-plant tea fruit is observed and recorded for 4 years continuously, and individuals with less perennial fruiting quantity are marked;
(2) cause diagnosis, namely performing cause diagnosis on individuals with less perennial fruiting quantity;
(3) diagnosing and adjusting deterioration according to causes, cutting down individuals with short growth vigor and serious pest damage, and improving ventilation and light transmission conditions and nutritional conditions in forests; meanwhile, the good-quality large-seedling replanting is carried out on the forest gap and the forest margin vacant land after the inferior quality is removed;
(4) cutting branches and rejuvenating, wherein in winter or early spring, the remained individuals after the inferiority is removed are cut off after the primary or secondary branches are kept for 20-100cm, so as to promote the new branches to sprout, then 2-3 strong new branches are selected and remained as main branches, and the rest sprouts are removed; after 2-3 years, the branches are cut off to form a new crown.
2. The simple and easy rejuvenation method for low-efficiency forest trees of Camellia oleifera as claimed in claim 1 wherein the pruning strength is divided into three levels of 20cm for heavy retention, 50cm for medium retention and 100cm for light retention.
3. The simple and easy rejuvenation method for low-efficiency camellia oleifera forest trees according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: cleaning the forest land, manually removing all the miscellaneous irrigation and weeds under the forest by combining a summer shallow hoe, and carrying out secondary weeding from the bottom of 9 months to the beginning of 10 months in autumn mainly before the malignant weed seeds are mature; applying 5kg of bio-organic fertilizer to the cultivated plants in winter to improve the soil.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911294979 | 2019-12-16 | ||
| CN2019112949797 | 2019-12-16 |
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| CN112703950A true CN112703950A (en) | 2021-04-27 |
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| CN202011465965.XA Pending CN112703950A (en) | 2019-12-16 | 2020-12-14 | Simple and easy rejuvenation method for low-efficiency camellia oleifera trees |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104303928A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-01-28 | 麻江县生产力促进中心有限责任公司 | Maintenance method for adult tea-oil tree forest |
| CN105010083A (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2015-11-04 | 黄振忠 | Transformation method for low-yield Camellia oleifera Abel forests |
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2020
- 2020-12-14 CN CN202011465965.XA patent/CN112703950A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104303928A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-01-28 | 麻江县生产力促进中心有限责任公司 | Maintenance method for adult tea-oil tree forest |
| CN105010083A (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2015-11-04 | 黄振忠 | Transformation method for low-yield Camellia oleifera Abel forests |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 俞秀兰: "油茶优质丰产栽培技术研究" * |
| 张磊;: "豫南山区油茶低产林改造技术" * |
| 陆富军: "桂中地区软枝油茶造林和油茶低产林改造技术要点" * |
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