CN106305292A - Early selection method of advanced-generation optimal trees of Cenxi soft branch camellia oleifera - Google Patents
Early selection method of advanced-generation optimal trees of Cenxi soft branch camellia oleifera Download PDFInfo
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- CN106305292A CN106305292A CN201610709370.1A CN201610709370A CN106305292A CN 106305292 A CN106305292 A CN 106305292A CN 201610709370 A CN201610709370 A CN 201610709370A CN 106305292 A CN106305292 A CN 106305292A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
Abstract
The invention relates to an early selection method of advanced-generation optimal trees of Cenxi soft branch camellia oleifera. The early selection method comprises contents of optimal tree selection, optimal tree clone seedling cultivation and optimal tree clone seedling screening. By primary selection, reselection and final selection, superior individual plants are screened out; in the primary selection process, clone seedling cultivation is carried out, and by three times of screening, clone seedlings which are robust in growth and excellent in characters are screened out for afforestation. The method can sufficiently utilize the excellent characteristics of high growth speed, early fruiting and stable yield of Cenxi soft branch camellia oleifera; early selection of the optimal trees is carried out in the second generation or third generation of family superior stands at an angle of 3 to 5 years; the method is earlier than a conventional method of selecting a stand age of over 15 years by 10 to 12 years; a breeding period is effectively shortened; camellia oleifera optimal tree evaluation indexes which are currently executed are optimized, and fruit economic character evaluation indexes are optimized into two indexes of a single seed weight and oil content of a fresh fruit from originally regulated four indexes of fresh seed yield, dry seed yield, oil content of seed kernels and the oil content of the fresh fruit, so that breeding cost is greatly saved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the system of selection of a kind of Forest-tree strain, be specifically related to a kind of Cenxi switch oil tea advanced lines
The method of select tree Seedling selection, belongs to the technical field of forest genetics.
Background technology
China starts the fine-variety breeding work of oil tea mid-term the 1950's, successively filters out excellent farm variety 20
Multiple, select tree strain more than 6000, selects and examines the superior clone 226 of identification, superior families 19, excellent by high quality tree species
Cross combination 5, the improved variety process for China oil tea has established solid material base.But the advanced lines of China oil tea so far
Breeding still lags behind commerical tree species, still can not meet camellia oleiferaindustry growing good to having the excellent hereditary quality of more advanced lines
The demand planted.
Cenxi switch oil tea is that first oil tea breeding of China, Ye Shi China are uniquely by the oil tea kind of country's breeding authorization
Sub-garden seed (state S-SC-CO-011-2002), hereditary quality is excellent, have that growth is fast, result morning, stable high yield, adaptation
Property the advantage such as wide, its family afforestation yields positive results than general C. olelfera kind for 2～3 years ahead of time, and yield is high 1～3 times.Fully
Utilize Cenxi switch oil tea resources advantage and significant good characteristic thereof, carry out the research of advanced lines breeding of new variety further, right
Improve oil tea good resource development and utilization level, promote that resources advantage is converted into economic advantages, accelerate to realize camellia oleiferaindustry volume increase
Potentiation and transition and upgrade have necessity.
Select superior tree is the basic means of forest tree improvement.So far, the method for China oil tea select superior tree remains according to complete
The oil tea selection method that state's oil tea cooperative groups is formulated, i.e. requires to select from the adult standing forest at more than the 15 years age of stand.It is main
Wanting shortcoming is that selection cycle is long, greatly constrains oil tea advanced lines breeding process.The present invention was with 3～5 years raw Cenxi switch oil teas
Secondary or three generations family young growth is selection object, through select superior tree, Clones of Plus Trees cultivating seedlings, Clones of Plus Trees seedling screening
Etc. key step, carry out Cenxi switch oil tea advanced lines select superior tree research, prove through repetition test for many years, carry out Cenxi soft
Branch oil tea advanced lines select tree Seedling selection, not only shortens the selection-breeding cycle, and can effectively keep the excellent inherited character of former strain,
Additionally by improving evaluation criterion and revising, improve the clonal quality requirements of selection-breeding, meeting camellia oleiferaindustry development needs
Want.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to exist for Cenxi switch oil tea advanced lines select superior tree cycle length and existing evaluation criterion
Deficiency, it is desirable to provide the Cenxi switch oil tea that a kind of selection-breeding cycle is short, inheritance stability, early yield high, economic characters are excellent
Advanced lines select tree Seedling selection method.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
A kind of Cenxi switch oil tea advanced lines select tree Seedling selection method, including select superior tree, Clones of Plus Trees cultivating seedlings and
Clones of Plus Trees seedling screening content, it is characterised in that: through primary election, final election and final election, filter out fine individual plant；In primary election simultaneously
Carry out clone nursery stock to breed, and through three screenings, filter out the excellent clone nursery stock of robust growth, character for afforesting；
Key step is as follows:
(1) select superior tree
1. primary election: in the fruit natural maturity phase, in the switch oil tea family superior stand of Cenxi, growth selection is good, result is many,
The select tree plant that seed is big, bud is many and is evenly distributed, actual measurement hat width, individual plant fresh pod yield, Fruit Economic Traits and anthrax
Susceptible gene；Requiring that every square metre of crown area produces fruit and reaches more than 1.25kg, simple grain seed weight more than 2.5g, diseased fruit rate is below 3%；
2. final election: in the Second Year fruit natural maturity phase, carries out actual measurement hat width, individual plant fresh fruit product to the select tree of primary election upper one year
Amount, Fruit Economic Traits and anthrax susceptible gene；
3. final election: the 3rd year fruit natural maturity phase, carries out actual measurement hat width, individual plant fresh fruit product to the select tree of final election upper two year
Amount, Fruit Economic Traits and anthrax susceptible gene；
(2) Clones of Plus Trees cultivating seedlings
The method of Clones of Plus Trees cultivating seedlings, main autumn branches and two kinds of methods of Nurse seed grafting of using:
1. autumn branches: with semi-annual to annual fragrant flower oil tea seedling as stock, with primary election select tree semi-lignified to wood
Matter fringe bar is scion, uses cleft graft to carry out；
2. Nurse seed grafting: with C. olelfera sprout as stock, gives birth to the spring tip with primary election select tree semi-lignified then to lignified
For scion, carry out Nurse seed grafting；
(3) Clones of Plus Trees seedling screening
1. for the first time screening is carried out after young sprout lignifying after grafting for the first time, measure height of seedling, footpath and the number of blade, eliminate growth
The clone that gesture is more weak, select height of seedling, footpath and the number of blade be above the Clones of Plus Trees of community average；
2. programmed screening is carried out when completing select tree final election, i.e. filters out further on the basis of screening for the first time and reaches certainly
Select the Clones of Plus Trees of plus tree criterion；
3. third time screening is carried out before afforestation, and now clone nursery stock is 2 years raw Seedlings, on the basis of postsearch screening, selects
Height of seedling >=40cm, footpath, ground >=0.40cm, root system enriches, and without obvious pest and disease damage, nursery stock color and luster is normal, robust growth, and terminal bud is full,
The nursery stock afforestation having no mechanical damage.
Cenxi switch oil tea family superior stand described in above step (1) refers to that Cenxi switch oil tea is secondary or three generations complete
Compatriot or family half sibs superior stand.
Select superior tree described in above step (1) is to carry out in the switch oil tea family superior stand of raw Cenxi in 3～5 years.
The main testing index of mensuration of the Fruit Economic Traits described in above step (1) is simple grain seed weight and fresh fruit oil-containing
Rate.
The time of the autumn branches described in above step (2) is to carry out while select tree primary election, selects outside primary election select tree tree crown
Enclose that growth is sturdy, eye is full, cause harm without disease pest, lignified current-year branch is as scion.
The time of the Nurse seed grafting described in above step (2) is to carry out spring in next year in primary election.
The standard of the select tree final election described in above step (3) is: require continuous 3 annual hat width fruit yield >=1.5kg/
m2；Two annual simple grain seed weight >=2.5g, average oil content of fresh fruit >=7%, anti-Oil Tea Anthracnose ability is strong, diseased fruit rate less than 2%.
The present invention has the advantage that relative to existing technology
1, the method for Cenxi of the present invention switch oil tea advanced lines select tree Seedling selection, make full use of Cenxi switch Growth of Camellia oleifera fast,
Early tying the good characteristic of stable yields, carry out select tree Seedling selection in the secondary of life in 3～5 years or three generations's family superior stand, ratio is often
Rule select more than 15 years age of stands life to do sth. in advance 10～12 years, are effectively shortened the selection-breeding cycle.
2, the method for Cenxi of the present invention switch oil tea advanced lines select tree Seedling selection, for the Cenxi switch oil promoted at present
The deficiency that camellia oleosa seed grain is less than normal, sets up simple grain seed this important indicator of weight in select tree evaluation criterion, meets needs of production.
3, the method for Cenxi of the present invention switch oil tea advanced lines select tree Seedling selection, evaluates the oil tea select tree performed at present
Index is optimized.The final goal of oil tea fine-variety breeding is per mu yield oil mass, and per mu yield oil mass and hat width fruit yield and fresh fruit
Oil content is direct positive correlation.Therefore, in this method by Fruit Economic Traits evaluation index by the fresh seed-producing rate originally specified, dry
4 of seed-producing rate, kernel oil content and oil content of fresh fruit are optimized for simple grain seed weight and oil content of fresh fruit 2, are greatly saved choosing
It is bred as this.
Detailed description of the invention
By specific examples presented below, the present invention can be well understood to further, but they are not to this
Bright restriction.
Embodiment 1
2007, in the Cenxi switch oil tea F1 full sib progeny forest of life in 3 years, carry out plant select excellent, select tree crown the first transaction of a day's business, life
Long good, bud is many and is evenly distributed, and result is many, and seed is relatively big, and without the plant of pest and disease damage, the mensuration hat width of plant, individual plant are fresh
Really yield, simple grain seed weight and anthrax susceptible gene.According to primary election standard: every square metre of crown area product fruit of primary election select tree >=
1.25kg, simple grain seed weight >=2.5g, fruit susceptible gene less than 3%, primary election excellent strain 31 strain.
Gather primary election select tree fringe bar in January, 2008, carry out Nurse seed grafting with C. olelfera sprout for stock.2008 6
The end of month, measure after the grafting first round young sprout lignifying grafting height of seedling, the growth indexes such as footpath and the number of blade, carry out seedling stage
Screening for the first time, eliminates each index and is below the Clones of Plus Trees 13 of community average.
In November, 2008, from the select tree just selected, carry out final election, measure its hat width, fresh pod yield and fruit susceptible gene；
In November, 2009 carries out final election, and 18 select trees selected after first time seedling screening, final election goes out 4 strain select trees, final election standard
For: the continuous 3 annual hat width fruit yield >=1.5kg/m of plant2, average single seed weight >=2.5g, average oil content of fresh fruit >=7%,
Diseased fruit rate less than 2%.
In December, 2009, in 4 Clones of Plus Trees selected, selects nursery stock color and luster normal, height of seedling >=40cm, and footpath, ground >=
0.40cm, root system enriches, and terminal bud is full, and without obvious pest and disease damage, the nursery stock having no mechanical damage is for afforesting.
Embodiment 2
In October, 2009, carrying out select superior tree in the Cenxi switch oil tea secondary family half sibs woods of life in 5 years, growth selection is good for
Strong, result is many, bud is many and the plant that is evenly distributed, actual measurement plant hat width, individual plant fresh pod yield, simple grain seed weight and anthrax sense
Sick rate, produces fruit more than 1.25kg, simple grain seed weight more than 2.5g, diseased fruit rate mark below 3% according to every square metre of crown area
Standard, primary election select tree 14 strain.When fruit maturation, primary election select tree is carried out final election and final election investigation for 2010 and 2011 respectively, real
Survey hat width, individual plant fresh pod yield, Fruit Economic Traits and anthrax susceptible gene.
While primary election select tree in 2009, gather the branch of tree crown periphery robust growth, grow directly from seeds with 1 year raw fragrant flower oil tea
Seedling is stock, carries out autumn branches and breeds.In April, 2010, after grafting for the first time young sprout lignifying, measure each primary election select tree without
Property system height of seedling, footpath and the number of blade, carry out Clones of Plus Trees for the first time seedling screening.By com-parison and analysis, eliminate each index
The Clones of Plus Trees being below community average amounts to 5.
In December, 2011, on the basis of first time seedling screening, according to continuous 3 annual hat width fruit yield >=1.5kg/
m2, average single seed weight >=2.5g, average oil content of fresh fruit >=7%, anti-Oil Tea Anthracnose ability is strong, the mark of diseased fruit rate less than 2%
Standard, carries out programmed screening, eliminates 2 clones.Then, in 7 Clones of Plus Trees screened by first twice, Seedling is selected
Height >=40cm, footpath, ground >=0.40cm, root system enriches, and without obvious pest and disease damage, nursery stock color and luster is normal, and robust growth, terminal bud is full, nothing
The nursery stock of mechanical damage is used for afforesting.
Embodiment 3
In November, 2013, carry out in the Cenxi switch oil tea three generations family half sibs woods of life in 4 years select excellent.Select tree crown to open a business,
Well-grown, bud is many and is evenly distributed, and result is many, and seed is relatively big, and without the plant of pest and disease damage, mensuration plant hat width, individual plant are fresh
Really yield, simple grain seed weight and anthrax susceptible gene, selects every square metre of crown area to produce fruit more than 1.25kg, simple grain seed weight 2.5g
Above, the plant of fruit susceptible gene less than 3% is primary election select tree, altogether 11 strain.
Gather primary election select tree fringe bar in February, 2014, carry out Nurse seed grafting with C. olelfera sprout for stock.July in the same year,
Carry out for the first time screening in seedling stage after grafting first round young sprout lignifying, measure grafting height of seedling, footpath and the number of blade, eliminate each
Index is below the Clones of Plus Trees 4 of community average.
From primary election select tree, carry out final election in November, 2014, measure hat width, fresh pod yield and fruit susceptible gene；2015 11
The last ten-days period moon carry out final election, and 7 select trees selected after first time seedling screening, final election goes out 4 strain select trees, and final election standard is: even
Continuous 3 annual hat width fruit yield >=1.5kg/m2, average single seed weight >=2.5g, average oil content of fresh fruit >=7%, diseased fruit rate 2%
Below.
In January, 2016, in 4 Clones of Plus Trees selected, selecting height of seedling >=40cm, footpath, ground >=0.40cm, root system is rich
Richness, without obvious pest and disease damage, nursery stock color and luster is normal, and robust growth, terminal bud is full, and the nursery stock having no mechanical damage is for afforesting.
Claims (7)
1. a Cenxi switch oil tea advanced lines select tree Seedling selection method, including select superior tree, Clones of Plus Trees cultivating seedlings
With Clones of Plus Trees seedling screening content, it is characterised in that: through primary election, final election and final election, filter out fine individual plant；Same in primary election
Shi Jinhang clone nursery stock is bred, and through three screenings, filters out the excellent clone nursery stock of robust growth, character for making
Woods；Key step is as follows:
(1) select superior tree
1. primary election: in the fruit natural maturity phase, in the switch oil tea family superior stand of Cenxi, growth selection is good, result is many,
The select tree plant that seed is big, bud is many and is evenly distributed, actual measurement hat width, individual plant fresh pod yield, Fruit Economic Traits and anthrax
Susceptible gene；Requiring that every square metre of crown area produces fruit and reaches more than 1.25kg, simple grain seed weight more than 2.5g, diseased fruit rate is below 3%；
2. final election: in the Second Year fruit natural maturity phase, carries out actual measurement hat width, individual plant fresh fruit product to the select tree of primary election upper one year
Amount, Fruit Economic Traits and anthrax susceptible gene；
3. final election: the 3rd year fruit natural maturity phase, carries out actual measurement hat width, individual plant fresh fruit product to the select tree of final election upper two year
Amount, Fruit Economic Traits and anthrax susceptible gene；
(2) Clones of Plus Trees cultivating seedlings
The method of Clones of Plus Trees cultivating seedlings, main autumn branches and two kinds of methods of Nurse seed grafting of using:
1. autumn branches: with semi-annual to annual fragrant flower oil tea seedling as stock, with primary election select tree semi-lignified to wood
Matter fringe bar is scion, uses cleft graft to carry out；
2. Nurse seed grafting: using C. olelfera sprout is stock, gives birth to the spring then to lignified with primary election select tree semi-lignified
The tip is scion, carries out Nurse seed grafting；
(3) Clones of Plus Trees seedling screening
1. for the first time screening is carried out after young sprout lignifying after grafting for the first time, measure height of seedling, footpath and the number of blade, eliminate growth
The clone that gesture is more weak, select height of seedling, footpath and the number of blade be above the Clones of Plus Trees of community average；
2. programmed screening is carried out when completing select tree final election, i.e. filters out further on the basis of screening for the first time and reaches certainly
Select the Clones of Plus Trees of plus tree criterion；
3. third time screening is carried out before afforestation, and now clone nursery stock is 2 years raw Seedlings, on the basis of postsearch screening, selects
Height of seedling >=40cm, footpath, ground >=0.40cm, root system enriches, and without obvious pest and disease damage, nursery stock color and luster is normal, robust growth, and terminal bud is full,
The nursery stock afforestation having no mechanical damage.
A kind of Cenxi the most according to claim 1 switch oil tea advanced lines select tree Seedling selection method, it is characterised in that: step
Suddenly the Cenxi switch oil tea family superior stand described in (1) refers to that Cenxi switch oil tea is secondary or the full sib of three generations or half sib man
It it is superior stand.
A kind of Cenxi the most according to claim 1 switch oil tea advanced lines select tree Seedling selection method, it is characterised in that: step
Suddenly the select superior tree described in (1) is to carry out in the switch oil tea family superior stand of raw Cenxi in 3～5 years.
A kind of Cenxi the most according to claim 1 switch oil tea advanced lines select tree Seedling selection method, it is characterised in that: step
Suddenly the main testing index of the mensuration of the Fruit Economic Traits described in (1) is simple grain seed weight and oil content of fresh fruit.
A kind of Cenxi the most according to claim 1 switch oil tea advanced lines select tree Seedling selection method, it is characterised in that: step
Suddenly the time of the autumn branches described in (2) is to carry out while select tree primary election, select primary election select tree tree crown periphery growth sturdy,
Eye is full, cause harm without disease pest, semi-lignified to lignified current-year branch is as scion.
A kind of Cenxi the most according to claim 1 switch oil tea advanced lines select tree Seedling selection method, it is characterised in that: step
Suddenly the time of the Nurse seed grafting described in (2) is to carry out spring in next year in primary election.
A kind of Cenxi the most according to claim 1 switch oil tea advanced lines select tree Seedling selection method, it is characterised in that: step
Suddenly the standard of the select tree final election described in (3) is: require continuous 3 annual hat width fruit yield >=1.5kg/m2；Two annual simple grains
Seed weight >=2.5g, average oil content of fresh fruit >=7%, anti-Oil Tea Anthracnose ability is strong, diseased fruit rate less than 2%.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107079762A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2017-08-22 | 四川森迪科技发展股份有限公司 | A kind of Idesia polycarpa select tree mating system |
| CN109287420A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2019-02-01 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of method of quick predict peanut oil content |
| CN111820023A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-10-27 | 湖南省林业科学院 | Breeding method of catalpa bungei with high Cd enrichment amount |
| CN113632652A (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2021-11-12 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Breeding method of large-grain and high-oil-content common camellia oleifera clone |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107079762A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2017-08-22 | 四川森迪科技发展股份有限公司 | A kind of Idesia polycarpa select tree mating system |
| CN109287420A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2019-02-01 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of method of quick predict peanut oil content |
| CN111820023A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-10-27 | 湖南省林业科学院 | Breeding method of catalpa bungei with high Cd enrichment amount |
| CN113632652A (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2021-11-12 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Breeding method of large-grain and high-oil-content common camellia oleifera clone |
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| CN106305292B (en) | 2017-09-22 |
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