CN105123373B - Improve the method for cultivating seedlings of Cenxi switch oil tea afforestation drought-resistant ability - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for cultivating seedlings to improve the drought-resistant ability of Cenxi soft-branch camellia oleifera afforestation, including seedling selection, early stage water control treatment, seedling nitrogen fertilizer treatment and seedling rehydration treatment procedures, selecting robust and harmless one- to two-year-old Cenxi soft-branch camellia oleifera clone seedlings, Water control is carried out so that the relative soil moisture content of each seedling is 15-18%, and then nitrogen fertilizer is applied to the seedlings in the seedling device, and after 1.5-2 months, the seedlings are rehydrated. The present invention adopts the technical route of "preliminary water control, supplemented by nitrogen fertilizer treatment, and later rehydration", and uses the seedling treatment method with excellent characteristics in terms of physiology, growth index, and drought resistance as the basis to improve the quality of Cenxi softwood. The cultivation method of Camellia oleifera clone seedlings for afforestation drought resistance can obtain seedlings with strong drought resistance and high afforestation survival rate, and is also conducive to the formation of early high-yield crowns of Cenxi soft-branch Camellia oleifera and the realization of high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation goals.

Description

The Seedling Cultivation Method for Improving the Drought Resistance Ability of Cenxi Soft Branch Camellia Camellia Afforestation

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of plant nursery stock cultivation, and relates to a nursery stock cultivation method for improving the drought-resistant ability of Cenxi softwood camellia oleifera afforestation.

Background technique

Camellia oleifera ( Camellia oleifera Abel.) is a well-known woody oil tree species in China. It has high economic value. It is mainly distributed in the south of the Yangtze River Basin in China. Hunan, Guangxi, Jiangxi and other places are the main production areas. Camellia oleifera is mainly planted in my country, and a small amount is also distributed in Vietnam, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia and Japan. Camellia oleifera has been widely promoted as a high-quality edible oil in recent years, and the production of camellia oleifera is directly related to the national grain and oil safety. In December 2014, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Woody Oil Industry" (Guo Ban Fa [2014] No. 68), which attached great importance to the work of grain and oil safety and listed the development of woody grain and oil industry as a guarantee of grain and oil. An important measure of safety is to coordinate deployment and advance, and strive to build 800 key counties of woody oil plants such as camellia oleifera, walnut, and oil peony by 2010, establish a number of standardized, intensive, large-scale, and industrialized demonstration bases, and plant woody oil plants The area has grown from the existing 120 million mu to 200 million mu, with an annual output of about 1.5 million tons of woody edible oil.

Guangxi is located in the subtropical zone and is the distribution area of Camellia oleifera in the south. According to the deployment of the "General Plan for the Development of Camellia oleifera Industry in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (2009-2020)", by 2020, the new afforestation area of Camellia oleifera in Guangxi will reach 406,700 hm ² . Cenxi Soft Branch Camellia oleifera is the first fine variety of Camellia oleifera in China. It is named for its tough and soft branches and drooping fruit. It has excellent characteristics such as fast growth, early fruit, high and stable yield, and high quality. The oil content of the seed kernel is as high as 51.3%. The oil can reach about 60kg. In 2002, this variety passed the National Fine Variety Appraisal (National S-SC-CO-011-2002). It is an excellent variety that is mainly promoted in the construction of high-quality Camellia oleifera raw material forest bases in my country, and it is also a popular main plant variety with high oil quality and high quality . However, the rainy season in the soft-branch Camellia oleifera cultivation area in Cenxi is generally relatively concentrated, and most of the time is dry and rainless. The phenomenon of afforestation survival and low preservation rate is common, which seriously affects the afforestation quality of Camellia oleifera raw material forest construction and the development process of the industry. How to improve the quality of afforestation has become a key technical problem to be solved urgently in the development of Camellia oleifera industry. Camellia oleifera scientific and technological workers after years of experimental research, have come to a scientific conclusion that the drought resistance of Cenxi softwood camellia seedlings is positively correlated with the survival rate of afforestation, that is, the stronger the drought resistance of the seedlings, the higher the survival and preservation rate of afforestation. Therefore, cultivating Cenxi soft-twig Camellia oleifera seedlings with strong drought resistance is not only an effective means to improve the survival rate of afforestation, but also an urgent need to promote the rapid development of Camellia oleifera industry.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of seedling cultivation method aiming at improving the quality of afforestation, cultivating the seedlings with strong drought resistance ability, high afforestation survival rate and high preservation rate to improve the drought resistance ability of Cenxi softwood camellia oleifera afforestation.

In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

A method for cultivating seedlings to improve drought-resistant afforestation of Cenxi soft-branch camellia oleifera, which is characterized in that it includes seedling selection, early water control treatment, seedling nitrogen fertilizer treatment and seedling rehydration treatment processes, and selects robust and harmless one- to two-year-old Cenxi soft-branch camellia oleifera For clonal seedlings, water control is carried out on them so that the relative soil moisture content of each seedling is 15-18%, and then nitrogen fertilizer is applied to the seedlings in the nursery, and after 1.5-2 months, the seedlings are rehydrated; specific operations Proceed as follows:

(1) Seedling selection: Select one-to-two-year-old Cenxi softwood Camellia oleifera clone seedlings with basically the same growth and no diseases, insect pests or mechanical damage;

(2) Preliminary water control treatment:

①Water control method: In the early stage of water control, first ensure that the seedlings have sufficient water, and then control the water of the seedlings through artificial water control methods, and control the seedlings under the same water condition;

②Water control time: choose to carry out water control treatment 2-3 months before afforestation, and the afforestation time is autumn and winter or early spring;

③Site selection: choose a seedling base, and build a rainproof shed or choose a large-scale, well-ventilated greenhouse to prevent the interference of precipitation on artificial water control;

④Water control duration: The artificial water control period for Cenxi Softwood Camellia oleifera clone seedlings is 1.5-2 months;

5. Moisture control ratio: the percentage by weight of the soil relative water content of each seedling is 15-18%;

(3) Nitrogen fertilizer treatment for seedlings:

①Nitrogen fertilizer selection: choose urea as nitrogen fertilizer;

②The ratio of nitrogen fertilizer application: the weight of nitrogen applied to the seedlings of each seedling container is 0.5-0.75g; ③The method of applying nitrogen fertilizer: the weight of nitrogen applied to the seedlings of each seedling container is 0.5-0.75g, according to The mass ratio of urea to nitrogen is 2:1 to convert and weigh the urea, and then dissolve the urea in water; after it is completely melted, slowly apply it to the seedlings in the nursery;

④Nitrogen fertilizer application time: after 20-30 days of urea treatment, topdress according to the above method;

(4) Seedling rehydration treatment: After 1.5-2 months of seedling water control and nitrogen fertilizer treatment, the seedling rehydration treatment is carried out, that is, the normal water supply for the seedlings is restored.

The seedlings of the Cenxi soft branch camellia oleifera clone described in the above step (1) are normal in color, strong in growth, and have full terminal buds; grafted seedlings or cutting seedlings; the seedling height of the grafted seedlings is 20-40cm , the ground diameter is 0.30-0.40cm; the seedling height of the cutting seedlings is 25-40cm, and the ground diameter is 0.30-0.40cm.

The seedling base described in the above step (2) is selected to be relatively flat, ventilated, free of water, and easy to build plots, and the rainproof shed is selected as a light-transmitting and breathable material as the rainproof shed material to prevent the rain-proof shed from causing damage. Local temperature is too high.

The artificial water control method described in the above step (2) is to control the relative water content of the soil of each seedling according to the temperature, humidity and other factors in the site and the evaporation of soil water; if the soil of the seedling is lower than this water content, spray water in time Supplement water, due to the water shortage caused by reasons such as large transpiration due to individual differences in seedlings, water should be sprayed in time to replenish water.

In the method of applying nitrogen fertilizer described in the above step (3), urea is applied in the form of water and fertilizer, and the urea aqueous solution is drenched through the seedling matrix.

Compared with prior art, the advantages and positive effects that the present invention has are as follows:

1. The present invention adopts the technical route of "preliminary moisture control, nitrogen fertilizer treatment as supplementary, and later stage rehydration", based on the seedling treatment methods with excellent characteristics in terms of physiology, growth index, and drought resistance, etc., to improve Cenxi. The method of cultivating drought resistance ability of soft branch Camellia oleifera clone seedlings for afforestation; adopting the interaction of water and nitrogen, the method is direct and the goal is clear, so seedlings with strong drought resistance and high survival rate of afforestation can be obtained, and it is also beneficial to the early stage of Cenxi soft branch Camellia oleifera The formation of high-yield tree crowns and the realization of high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation goals.

2. The method of the present invention is simple, has strong operability and obvious effect; it is easy to popularize, has important significance for optimizing Camellia oleifera afforestation technology, and has good economic, social and ecological benefits.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples.

Example 1:

At the beginning of September 2013, the annual Cenxi soft branch Camellia oleifera clone seedlings with basically the same growth and no disease, insect damage or mechanical damage were selected. The selected seedlings were grafted seedlings with normal color, strong growth and full terminal buds; The seedling height of the grafted seedlings on the sprout anvil is 20-30cm, and the ground diameter is 0.30-0.35cm.

Choose relatively flat, ventilated, water-free, and easy-to-build land as a seedling breeding base, and build a rainproof shed. The rainproof shed chooses light-transmitting and breathable materials as the rainproof shed material to prevent the local temperature in the rainproof shed from being too high . Carry out pre-water control treatment on the selected seedlings. In the early stage of water control, first ensure that the seedlings have sufficient water. According to the temperature, humidity and other factors of the seedling breeding base and the evaporation of soil water, grasp the change law and state of the relative water content of the seedlings, and put the seedlings Control under the same water condition, promptly control the weight percent of the relative moisture content of each seedling soil to be 15-16%. If the water content of the seedlings is lower than this, the water should be replenished in time, and the water shortage caused by the large transpiration due to the individual differences of the seedlings should be dealt with and replenished in time. For Cenxi soft branch Camellia oleifera clone seedlings, the period of artificial early water control is 1.5 months.

Fertilization is carried out during the early water control period, and the fertilization time is selected in sunny and windless weather before the spring shoots germinate. At the same time, before fertilization, pay attention to observe the soil condition of the seedling container. If there is hardening, loosen the soil to prevent the applied fertilizer from flowing out from the side of the container and cannot be absorbed. Choose urea as nitrogen fertilizer. The weight of nitrogen applied to the seedlings of each seedling container is 0.6g, and the mass ratio of urea to nitrogen is converted according to the ratio of 2:1 and 1.2g of urea is weighed, and then the urea is dissolved in water; Apply urea in the way of water and fertilizer, and make the urea aqueous solution drench through the seedling substrate, slowly fertilize the seedlings in each seedling device, and topdress the fertilizer again according to the above method after every 20 days.

In mid-October 2013, the seedling rehydration treatment was carried out, that is, the normal water supply was restored to the seedlings. It was no longer necessary to control the water according to the soil moisture content of 15-16%, but to return the seedlings to the normal management state. Those who build the rainproof shed can remove the rainproof shed, and carry out the daily management together with other seedlings. In November 2013, the experimental forest was built. During rewatering and afforestation, attention should be paid to later management, especially the interference and destruction of pests and diseases. The survey in January 2014 showed that the survival rate of seedlings reached 94.5%, and the survey in March 2014 showed that the preservation rate reached 85.7%.

Example 2:

At the beginning of July, 2014, biennial Cenxi softwood Camellia oleifera clonal seedlings with basically consistent growth and no disease, insect damage or mechanical damage were selected. The selected seedlings were grafted seedlings with normal color, strong growth and full terminal buds; The seedling height of the grafted seedlings on the sprout anvil is 30-40cm, and the ground diameter is 0.35-0.40cm.

Choose large-scale, well-ventilated greenhouses for preliminary seedling treatment to prevent precipitation from interfering with artificial water control. Carry out preliminary water control treatment on the selected seedlings. In the early stage of water control, first ensure that the seedlings have sufficient water. According to the temperature, humidity and other factors of the greenhouse and the evaporation of soil water, grasp the change law and state of the relative water content of the seedlings, and control the seedlings. Under the same moisture condition, promptly control the weight percent of the relative moisture content of each seedling soil to be 17-18%. If the water content of the seedlings is lower than this, the water should be replenished in time, and the water shortage caused by the large transpiration due to the individual differences of the seedlings should be dealt with and replenished in time. For Cenxi soft branch Camellia oleifera clone seedlings, the period of artificial early water control is as long as 2 months.

Fertilization is carried out during the early water control period, and the fertilization time is selected in sunny and windless weather before the spring shoots germinate. At the same time, before fertilization, pay attention to observe the soil condition of the seedling container. If there is hardening, loosen the soil to prevent the applied fertilizer from flowing out from the side of the container and cannot be absorbed. Choose urea as nitrogen fertilizer. The weight of nitrogen applied to the seedlings of each seedling container is 0.75g, and the mass ratio of urea and nitrogen is converted according to the ratio of 2:1 and 1.5g of urea is weighed, and then the urea is dissolved in water; Apply urea in the way of water and fertilizer, and make the urea aqueous solution drench through the seedling matrix, slowly fertilize the seedlings in each seedling raising device, and topdress the fertilizer again according to the above method after every 25 days.

In early September 2014, the seedling rehydration treatment was carried out, that is, the normal water supply was restored to the seedlings. It was no longer necessary to control the water according to the soil moisture content of 15-16%, but to return the seedlings to the normal management state. The seedlings cultivated in the greenhouse are moved out of the greenhouse, and carried out together with other seedlings according to the daily management level. In December 2014, the experimental forest was built. During rewatering and afforestation, attention should be paid to the later management, especially the interference and destruction of pests and diseases. The survey in February 2015 showed that the survival rate of seedlings reached 95.6%, and the survey in March 2014 showed that the preservation rate reached 86.3%.

Example 3:

At the beginning of July 2014, biennial Cenxi softwood Camellia oleifera clonal seedlings with basically consistent growth and no disease, insect damage or mechanical damage were selected. The selected seedlings were cutting seedlings with normal color, strong growth and full terminal buds; Seedling height is 25-30cm, ground diameter is 0.30-0.35cm.

Choose relatively flat, ventilated, water-free, and easy-to-build land as a seedling breeding base, and build a rainproof shed. The rainproof shed chooses light-transmitting and breathable materials as the rainproof shed material to prevent the local temperature in the rainproof shed from being too high . Carry out pre-water control treatment on the selected seedlings. In the early stage of water control, first ensure that the seedlings have sufficient water. According to the temperature, humidity and other factors of the seedling breeding base and the evaporation of soil water, grasp the change law and state of the relative water content of the seedlings, and put the seedlings Control under the same water condition, promptly control the weight percent of the relative moisture content of each seedling soil to be 15-16%. If the water content of the seedlings is lower than this, the water should be replenished in time, and the water shortage caused by the large transpiration due to the individual differences of the seedlings should be dealt with and replenished in time. For Cenxi soft branch Camellia oleifera clone seedlings, the period of artificial early water control is 1.5 months.

Fertilization is carried out during the early water control period, and the fertilization time is selected in sunny and windless weather before the spring shoots germinate. At the same time, before fertilization, pay attention to observe the soil condition of the seedling container. If there is hardening, loosen the soil to prevent the applied fertilizer from flowing out from the side of the container and cannot be absorbed. Choose urea as nitrogen fertilizer. The weight of nitrogen applied to the seedlings of each seedling container is 0.70g, and the mass ratio of urea to nitrogen is 2:1 to convert and weigh 1.4g of urea, and then dissolve the urea in water; Apply urea in the way of water and fertilizer, and make the urea aqueous solution drench through the seedling matrix, slowly fertilize the seedlings in each seedling raising device, and topdress the fertilizer again according to the above method after every 25 days.

In late August 2014, the seedling rehydration treatment was carried out, that is, the normal water supply was restored to the seedlings. It was no longer necessary to control the water according to the soil moisture content of 15-16%, but to return the seedlings to the normal management state. Those who build the rainproof shed can remove the rainproof shed, and carry out the daily management together with other seedlings. In November 2014, the experimental forest was built. During rewatering and afforestation, attention should be paid to the later management, especially the interference and destruction of pests and diseases. The survey in January 2015 showed that the survival rate of seedlings reached 95.2%, and the survey in March 2015 showed that the preservation rate reached 85.3%.

Example 4:

At the beginning of August 2013, the annual Cenxi soft branch Camellia oleifera clonal seedlings with basically the same growth and no disease, insect damage or mechanical damage were selected. The selected seedlings were cutting seedlings with normal color, strong growth and full terminal buds; Seedling height is 30-40cm, ground diameter is 0.35-0.40cm.

Choose large-scale, well-ventilated greenhouses for pre-treatment of seedlings to prevent precipitation from interfering with artificial water control. Carry out preliminary water control treatment on the selected seedlings. In the early stage of water control, first ensure that the seedlings have sufficient water. According to the temperature, humidity and other factors of the greenhouse and the evaporation of soil water, grasp the change law and state of the relative water content of the seedlings, and control the seedlings. Under the same moisture condition, promptly control the weight percent of the relative moisture content of each seedling soil to be 17-18%. If the water content of the seedlings is lower than this, the water should be replenished in time, and the water shortage caused by the large transpiration due to the individual differences of the seedlings should be dealt with and replenished in time. For Cenxi soft branch Camellia oleifera clone seedlings, the period of artificial early water control is as long as 2 months.

Fertilization is carried out during the early water control period, and the fertilization time is selected in sunny and windless weather before the spring shoots germinate. At the same time, before fertilization, pay attention to observe the soil condition of the seedling container. If there is hardening, loosen the soil to prevent the applied fertilizer from flowing out from the side of the container and cannot be absorbed. Choose urea as nitrogen fertilizer. The weight of nitrogen applied to the seedlings of each seedling container is 0.5g, and the mass ratio of urea to nitrogen is 2:1 to convert and weigh 1.0g of urea, and then dissolve the urea in water; Apply urea in the way of water and fertilizer, and make the urea aqueous solution drench through the seedling substrate, slowly fertilize the seedlings in each seedling device, and topdress the fertilizer again according to the above method after every 30 days.

In the first ten days of October 2013, the seedling rehydration treatment was carried out, that is, the normal water supply was restored to the seedlings. It was no longer necessary to control the water according to the soil moisture content of 17-18%, but to return the seedlings to the normal management state. The seedlings cultivated in the greenhouse are moved out of the greenhouse, and carried out together with other seedlings according to the daily management level. In December 2013, the experimental forest was built. During rewatering and afforestation, attention should be paid to the later management, especially the interference and destruction of pests and diseases. The survey in February 2014 showed that the survival rate of seedlings reached 94.7%, and the survey in April 2014 showed that the preservation rate reached 84.9%.

Claims (3)

1. A method for cultivating seedlings to improve the drought resistance ability of Cenxi softwood camellia oleifera afforestation, characterized in that: comprise seedling selection, early stage water control treatment, seedling nitrogen fertilizer treatment and seedling rehydration treatment process, select robust, harmless one to two-year-old Cenxi softwood Camellia oleifera clonal seedlings, water control is carried out to it, so that the relative soil moisture content of each seedling is 15-18%, and then nitrogen fertilizer is applied to the seedlings in the seedling device, and after 1.5-2 months, the seedlings are rehydrated; The specific operation steps are as follows: (1) Selection of seedlings: Select one-to-two-year-old Cenxi soft-branch camellia oleifera clone seedlings with basically the same growth and no disease, insect damage or mechanical damage; the above-mentioned Cenxi soft-branch camellia oleifera clone seedlings are normal in color, robust in growth, and full of terminal buds Grafted seedlings or cuttage seedlings; the seedling height of the grafted seedlings is 20-40cm, and the ground diameter is 0.30-0.40cm; the seedling height of the cutting seedlings is 25-40cm, and the ground diameter is 0.30cm -0.40cm; (2) Preliminary water control treatment: ①Water control method: In the early stage of water control, first ensure that the seedlings have sufficient water, and then carry out water control on the seedlings through artificial water control methods, and control the seedlings under the same water condition; Temperature, humidity factors and soil moisture evaporation, control the relative soil moisture content of each seedling; the soil of the seedlings is lower than this water content and spray water in time to replenish water, and the water shortage caused by large transpiration due to individual differences in seedlings should be timely Spray with water to rehydrate; ②Water control time: choose to carry out water control treatment 2-3 months before afforestation, and the afforestation time is autumn and winter or early spring; ③Site selection: choose a seedling base, and build a rainproof shed or choose a large-scale, well-ventilated greenhouse to prevent the interference of precipitation on artificial water control; ④Water control duration: The artificial water control period for Cenxi Softwood Camellia oleifera clone seedlings is 1.5-2 months; 5. Moisture control ratio: the percentage by weight of the soil relative water content of each seedling is 15-18%; (3) Nitrogen fertilizer treatment for seedlings: ①Nitrogen fertilizer selection: choose urea as nitrogen fertilizer; ②The ratio of nitrogen fertilizer application: the weight of nitrogen applied to the seedlings of each seedling container is 0.5-0.75g; ③The method of applying nitrogen fertilizer: the weight of nitrogen applied to the seedlings of each seedling container is 0.5-0.75g in advance, and the mass ratio of urea to nitrogen is 2:1, and the urea is weighed, and then the urea is dissolved in water; after it is completely melted, slowly apply it to the seedlings in the nursery; ④ Time to apply nitrogen fertilizer: After applying urea for 20-30 days, topdress the fertilizer again according to the above method; (4) Seedling rehydration treatment: After 1.5-2 months of seedling water control and nitrogen fertilizer treatment, the seedling rehydration treatment is carried out, that is, the normal water supply for the seedlings is restored. 2. The method for cultivating seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: the seedling raising base described in step (2) is relatively flat, ventilated, free of water, and easy to build plots. The rainproof shed is made of light-transmitting and air-permeable materials, so as to prevent local temperature in the rainproof shed from being too high. 3. The method for cultivating seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the method of applying nitrogen fertilizer described in step (3), urea is applied in the form of water and fertilizer, and the urea aqueous solution Drench the seedling substrate.