CN102960212B - All-branch grafting method for fruit tree - Google Patents
All-branch grafting method for fruit tree Download PDFInfo
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- CN102960212B CN102960212B CN201210529020.9A CN201210529020A CN102960212B CN 102960212 B CN102960212 B CN 102960212B CN 201210529020 A CN201210529020 A CN 201210529020A CN 102960212 B CN102960212 B CN 102960212B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a full-branch grafting method for a fruit tree and belongs to the technical field of agriculture. The method comprises the following steps: (1), scion selection and storage, wherein the scions are collected and are subjected to moisture-holding storage at a low temperature after being sealed by wax; (2), old tree shaping, wherein the tree is shaped at the height of 2.5-3.5 m, unwanted side branches are removed, and 3-5 important main branches are reserved; (3), punching, wherein punching is performed at the smooth part of a selected big tree trunk or a principle branch side surface with the scion interval of 19-21 cm; (4), grafting, wherein the well cut scion is inserted into a stock notch by the right hand to reach an extent that the lower end of the scion is propped against the bottom of the stock notch, and the scion and the stock are in alignment and close contact on two surfaces; (5), binding up, wherein a layer of mulching film plastic cloth is bound up at the scion part, and two layers bound up at the non-scion part; and processes such as bud picking, water fertilizing, wind protection, disbranching, spraying and insect prevention are carried out after grafting. According to the invention, the grafting technology has the advantage that the fruit bearing area of the old tree is increased, and also has the advantages of high survival rate, thriving tree vigour, high yield, quickness in shaping, simplicity in maintenance and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the full limb grafting method of a planting fruit-trees, be applicable to many kinds such as peach, apricot, pears, apple, belong to agricultural technology field.
Background technology
The renewal of fruit variety is the important step of modern agricultural development.In recent years, its renewal speed has presented quickening trend.New varieties price is high, profitable, deeply be subject to liking of orchard worker and consumer, but this has also brought another problem, be exactly the going or staying in old kind orchard, owing to lacking at present suitable graft technology, a lot of peasants cut down old fruit tree short-sightedly, plant new varieties, formed the huge waste of resource, also destroyed greatly ecotope, the example of cutting thornbuss, apple tree occurring a few years ago, all of common occurrence.How to allow orchard worker can utilize new graft technology, transform old kind, obtain new income? this has been a nationwide difficult problem.
The new varieties grafting in past, normally " grafting high and changing head ", it is exactly the limb top in old fruit tree, new varieties in grafting, in the hope of high yield, but often things turn out contrary to one's wishes, because grafting point is very few, cause photosynthesis and self growth of trunk to conflict, be easy to cause tree vigo(u)r not prosperous, 1 year slower development, even cause the danger of dead tree, so, in the last few years, orchard worker is seldom by grafting new varieties more, mostly to cut down veteran kind newly to set, according to incompletely statistics, in first 5 years that Jinan City upgrades at apple variety, orchard worker has just cut down the fruit tree of nearly 100,000 mu, planted new red fuji apple, so, everybody is difficult to see micro state's light now, the kinds such as big country's light.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has overcome the problem that prior art exists, and provides a planting fruit-trees full limb grafting method, and this grafting method breeding then survival rate reaches more than 90%; See that then fruit strain rate reaches more than 50%.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: the full limb grafting method of a planting fruit-trees, it is characterized in that, comprise scion selection and storage, veteran shaping, punching, by inserting, wrapping and maintenance step, it is characterized in that,
(1) selection of scion, storage
The elite stand of taking scion should be that tree vigo(u)r is strong, middle age without damage by disease and insect of fine quality tree of getting bumper crops; The sturdy developmental branch in annual periphery or the fruit bearing shoot of selecting growth to enrich, in the winter time or gather scion early spring, moisturizing under low temperature after the scion of sealing with wax (temperature requirement is lower than 4 ℃, and humidity reaches more than 90%) is stored, and during to grafting, takes out.
The scion of sealing with wax: scion is cut and cut, and scionwood segment length is 10-15 centimetre, retains 3 more than bud, the full bud of top tool; During sealing wax, first industrial paraffin is placed on to heating and melting in container, when 95 ℃-102 ℃ of wax temperature, the scionwood Duan Yitou shearing is dipped in rapidly in wax liquid (time, in 1 second, is generally 0.1 second), then it is quickly dipped to change other end.Require not stay the space of not dipping in wax in scion, the wax layer of middle part can be slightly overlapping, after the scion of sealing with wax will cool completely completely, regathers storage.
(2) veteran shaping
The height of tree according to 2.5-3.5 rice is shaped, and removes unwanted other branch, leaves 3-5 major branch, removes Lao Pi and cicatricle on trunk and major branch, forms comparatively smooth surface, is convenient to next step punching, cuttage and wrapping.
(3) punching
On orthopedic large tree trunk or major branch side, choose smooth place, according to the requirement of scion spacing 19-21cm, first with horizontal cutter one shovel of flat chisel, more horizontal cutter place is cut with flat chisel by 2 ± 0.2cm place above this shovel, this part bark is taken off, in order to scion, be closely connected with stock, then at horizontal cutter one shovel place, with flat chisel straight partial application from the top down, slightly longer than the bevel of scion, form stock to be grafted;
(4) by inserting
Scion is whittled into wedge shape (to be preferably: in scion base portion 3 centimeters, splay downwards, from the superficial to the deep, inclined-plane requires flat, then cuts over there a little inclined-plane; Then in its both sides, respectively cut one apart from the little inclined-plane of 2 ± 0.1 centimetres of scion base portion length).Then the straight partial application of 0.5 ± 0.1 centimeters above bud, cuts off scion, forms simple bud scion.
When the mobile cortex of resin in the early spring is easily in vitro, carry out grafting, the right hand is arrested and has been cut in scion insertion stock otch, and lower end pushes against stock mouth bottom, faces standard and is adjacent to for two of scion and stock.
On described trunk two faces relative with major branch, can punch simultaneously and peg graft scion.50-100 scion of general 10 years raw trees just can, more large-tree-shaped also can grafting 100 more than scion.
(4) wrapping
All wrapping is tight grafting part to use mulch film Polypropylence Sheet, and the number of plies of wrapping has strict control, has scion place only to wrap up one deck, without scion place, can wrap up two-layer.
(4) connect rear management
Bud picking: the rudiment (tiller) of sprouting on the stock of should erasing in time after grafting, survives and normal growth in order to buddering.Bud picking makes sure to keep in mind to open the Polypropylence Sheet of bondage, and bud can be worn out Polypropylence Sheet and grow voluntarily, otherwise can open the bud bud of dying.
Rich water: buddering to survive enters vigorous period, strengthens rich water and supplies with.
Windproof: in scion, grow up to after new branch more than 30cm, the waddy with the long 80-100cm of diameter 3cm, is strapped on stock, and draw young sprout to tie up on it upper end, and each joint all will be tied up a rod, in case windbreak.
Except branch: in sproutings of buddering, take out after the tip, growth, repair autumn then except auxiliary support branch 1/3, Second Year repair again spring except auxiliary support branch 1/3, Second Year all repaiies and remove remaining auxiliary support branch autumn.The principle of this technology is also one and progressively adjusts the supply of nutrient and the process of " wean " progressively.And take auxiliary support branch to carry out the progressively high-grafting fruit tree of pruning technique, and the growth potential of buddering is strong, and it is fast that tree crown recovers, and branch sunscald is few.
Spray medicine insect protected: subject to causing harm of insect in early spring most to germination period after grafting, spray in time medicine control.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) graft technology of the present invention has brought old fruit tree result area change.From the trunk of fruit tree, with upper part grafting, than the result area of any graft technology in the past, greatly increase, be almost the 3-5 of old technical graft area doubly;
(2) survival rate of the present invention is high, tree vigo(u)r is vigorous.Because the Quantity of the scion of the grafting of new technology is numerous, guaranteed the improved photosynthesis of large tree, the nutrient that tree root is drawn can be in numerous scion, be converted into the energy of itself, the nutrition flow equalization of tree root, trunk, treetop, easily survives, almost not dead tree phenomenon;
(3) the tree-like quick formation of getting bumper crops.It is tree-like very good that graft technology of the present invention is transformed, and before grafting, to tree-like transformation, comprises the skin of peeling old man, the transformation that cuts other branch, determined the successful first step of new varieties grafting, and be the disposable fruit shape of getting bumper crops and easily plucking of having determined;
(5) maintenance is simple and easy.Scion after grafting, is all wrapped in plastic film, and water loss is few, and wound healing is fast, does not need to remove plastic film, orchard worker oneself just can safeguard after sprouting, and has greatly improved survival rate.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of scion of the present invention, the side view that wherein a figure is scion, the front elevation that b figure is scion;
Fig. 2 is the plugboard chart of scion of the present invention and stock;
Fig. 3 is grafting pearl oil apricot picture then;
Fig. 4 is the pearl oil apricot of grafting Second Year " full bearing period picture.
Embodiment
The grafting of embodiment 1(pearl oil apricot)
The Taiyi Mountains region of Mountain Areas of Southern, Jinan City, Shandong Province, apricot resource has surpassed 300,000 mu, almost account for 1/5 of Jinan forest fruit resource, but because eat raw the mouthfeel acid, processing difficulties, picking period of apricot fruit such as concentrate at the shortcoming, caused fresh fruit price in recent years to go way down.Pearl oil apricot is to eat, process dual-purpose apricot improved seeds raw, and proterties is stable, wide adaptability, and strong stress resistance, self-flowering fruiting rate is high, high and stable yield, fruit quality is good.Therefore on original apricot, grafting pearl oil apricot has great importance.
(1) selection of grafting time: ideal when the mobile cortex of resin in the early spring is easily in vitro.The healing of Cambium tissue is best during with 22 ~ 26 ℃ of monthly mean temperatures, relative moisture 70% ~ 80%.Just rained or temperature is too low too highly all should not carry out grafting.
(2) choosing of scion: the elite stand of taking scion should be that tree vigo(u)r is strong, middle age without damage by disease and insect of fine quality tree of getting bumper crops; The sturdy developmental branch in annual periphery or the fruit bearing shoot of selecting growth to enrich, in the winter time or gather scion early spring, generally gather in conjunction with pruning, and with cutting with adopting, is a bundle, and hangs up label by kind 50 or 100.The moisturizing under low temperature of sealing with wax after scion is stored, and during to grafting, takes out.
The scion of sealing with wax: scion is cut and cut, and general scionwood segment length is 10-15 centimetre, retains 3 more than bud, the full bud of top tool, what branch was excessively thick should be a little longer, and thin is unsuitable long; During sealing wax, first industrial paraffin is placed on to heating and melting in container, when 95 ℃-102 ℃ of wax temperature, the scionwood Duan Yitou shearing is dipped in rapidly in wax liquid (time, in 1 second, is generally 0.1 second), then it is quickly dipped to change other end.Require not stay the space of not dipping in wax in scion, the wax layer of middle part can be slightly overlapping, after the scion of sealing with wax will cool completely completely, regathers storage.
Storage way: conventional storage way is that fringe bar is adopted back after arrangement, to be placed in time dark cellar for storing things or the interior storage of cavern of low temperature moisturizing, temperature requirement is lower than 4 ℃, humidity reaches more than 90%, while preserving in cellar for storing things, fringe bar Lower Half should be embedded in wet sand, the upper half is exposed, between bundle and bundle, use wet husky isolation, entrance of cellar will cover tightly, and keeps cooling in cellar for storing things, can store like this to late May to early June, at duration of storage, want the temperature of running check sand and the humidity in cellar for storing things, prevent that the heating of fringe bar from going rotten or dehydration is air-dry.
(3) grafting method:
Veteran shaping: shaping work is the first step of graft technology, is also an important step, and she has determined the quality of following tree-like quality and grafting quality.Should shape according to the height of tree of 2.5-3.5 rice, meet and pluck easy principle, remove unwanted other branch, leave 3-5 major branch, our image to be referred to as " catapult fork " tree-like, then, need to remove Lao Pi and cicatricle on trunk, form comparatively smooth surface, be convenient to next step punching, cuttage and wrapping.
Punching: punching is second step.On the large tree trunk cutting or major branch side, choose smooth place, according to once forming the requirement of high yield tree crown, generally, apart from the requirement of a scion of 20cm, first with the horizontal cutter one of flat chisel, shovel, on this shovel, horizontal digging out cut with flat chisel by 2cm place again, this part bark is taken off, in order to scion, be closely connected with stock, then at horizontal cutter one shovel place, according to the length of scion, with flat chisel, straight partial application is slightly more longer than scion bevel from the top down, requires otch straight.
By inserting: scion is whittled into wedge shape, can cuts and cut in the following way: splay downwards in scion base portion 3 centimeters, from the superficial to the deep, inclined-plane requires flat, then cuts over there a little inclined-plane; Then the surface width on little inclined-plane is 0.5-1cm apart from the little inclined-plane of 2 ± 0.1 centimetres of scion base portion length in its both sides, respectively to cut one, and the last straight partial application of 0.5 centimeters above bud, cuts off scion, forms simple bud scion, and the scion of cutting as shown in Figure 1.The right hand is arrested and has been cut in scion insertion stock otch, and lower end pushes against stock mouth bottom, faces standard for two of scion and stock and is adjacent to, and inserting mode as shown in Figure 2.50-100 scion of general 10 years raw trees just can, more large-tree-shaped also can grafting 100 more than scion.
Wrapping: this is last procedure, is also considerable operation, Packer people selects degradable mulch film Polypropylence Sheet, and grafting part, all wrapping is tight.The number of plies of wrapping has strict control, has scion place only to wrap up one deck, can wrap up two-layerly without scion place, and while requiring wrapping, as playing gaiter, disposable completing, guarantees the seal at scion position from top to bottom, and this is also the essential step of decision survival rate.
(4) connect rear management:
Bud picking: normal sprouting a lot of rudiments (tiller) on stock after grafting, should erase in time, in order to buddering, survive and normal growth.Bud picking should repeatedly be erased early, in case cause a large amount of nutrient losses, the impact growth of buddering, makes sure to keep in mind to open the Polypropylence Sheet of bondage, and bud can be worn out Polypropylence Sheet and grow voluntarily, otherwise can open the bud bud of dying.
Rich water: buddering to survive enters vigorous period, needs a large amount of nutriments, must strengthen rich water and supply with, and carries out spray leaf fertilizer, and pour water depending on soil moisture content in good time in conjunction with the extermination of disease and insect pest.
Windproof: to tie up the important step that windproof rod is maintenance.In scion, grow up to after new branch more than 30cm, the waddy with the long 80-100cm of diameter 3cm, is strapped on stock, draw young sprout to tie up on it upper end, and each joint all will be tied up a rod, in case windbreak, also part long shoot can be used to cotton rope stretch bending, be fixed on trunk or ground.
Remove branch: wipe out auxiliary support branch is an important link in batches, should the auxiliary support branch retaining be stretched and be fixed in line with cut less the principle of staying more, is beneficial to the ventilative printing opacity of trees.The high-grafting of part fruit tree, after the green sprouting of buddering, arrive in the time in 5-7 month then, if take to repair the rudiment except auxiliary support branch and the whole appearance in vegetative period of erasing, will make fruit tree occur serious sunscald, and a little less than the growing way of buddering, the high branch that connects kind of while, bud also there will be " nutritional deficiency " phenomenons such as " Huang Ye " and " floral leaf ", the branch also having, the tip that bud is extracted out is then dead because high temperature and drought dries up in summer and autumn, very cause whole strain withered dead, particularly the age of tree is large, budder but few tree more obvious, and take auxiliary support branch to carry out the progressively high-grafting fruit tree of pruning technique, the growth potential of buddering is strong, it is fast that tree crown recovers, branch sunscald is few.Its method is in the sprouting of buddering, takes out after the tip, growth, the situation of recovering growth according to tree crown repair autumn then except auxiliary support branch 1/3, Second Year repair again spring except auxiliary support branch 1/3, Second Year all repaiies except remaining auxiliary support branch autumn.The principle of this technology is also one and progressively adjusts the supply of nutrient and the process of " wean " progressively.
Spray medicine insect protected: subject to causing harm of insect in early spring most to germination period after grafting, spray in time medicine control.
This grafting method breeding then survival rate reaches more than 90%; See that then fruit strain rate reaches more than 50%.Its then and the result situation of the 2nd year respectively as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4.
Claims (6)
1. the full limb grafting method of a planting fruit-trees, comprises scion selection and storage, veteran shaping, punching, by inserting, wrap up and connecing rear management process, it is characterized in that, described fruit tree is apricot;
(1) selection of scion, storage
The elite stand of taking scion should be that tree vigo(u)r is strong, middle age without damage by disease and insect of fine quality tree of getting bumper crops; The sturdy developmental branch in annual periphery or the fruit bearing shoot of selecting growth to enrich, in the winter time or gather scion early spring, after the scion of sealing with wax, under low temperature, moisturizing is stored, and during to grafting, takes out;
(2) veteran shaping
The height of tree according to 2.5-3.5 rice is shaped, and removes unwanted other branch, leaves 3-5 major branch, removes Lao Pi and cicatricle on trunk and major branch, forms smooth surface;
(3) punching
On orthopedic large tree trunk or major branch side, choose smooth place, according to the requirement of scion spacing 19-21cm, first with horizontal cutter one shovel of flat chisel, above this shovel, horizontal cutter place is cut with flat chisel by 2 ± 0.2cm place again, this part bark is taken off, then at horizontal cutter one shovel place, with flat chisel straight partial application from the top down, form stock to be grafted;
(4) by inserting
Scion is whittled into wedge shape, and the then straight partial application of 0.5 ± 0.1 centimeters above bud, cuts off scion, forms simple bud scion; The early spring resin cortex that flows carry out grafting when easily in vitro, the right hand is arrested and has been cut scion and insert in stock otch, lower end pushes against stock mouth bottom, being adjacent in the face of standard with two of stock of scion;
(5) wrapping
All wrapping is tight grafting part to use mulch film Polypropylence Sheet, has scion place only to wrap up one deck, two-layer without scion place wrapping;
(6) connect rear management
After grafting, to carry out bud picking, rich water, windproof, except branch and spray medicine insect-prevention treatment; During described bud picking, can not open the Polypropylence Sheet of bondage; Describedly be treated to except branch: in sproutings of buddering, take out after the tip, growth, repair autumn then except auxiliary support branch 1/3, Second Year repair again spring except auxiliary support branch 1/3, Second Year all repaiies and remove remaining auxiliary support branch autumn.
2. the full limb grafting method of a planting fruit-trees as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, on described trunk two faces relative with major branch, punches simultaneously and pegs graft scion.
3. the full limb grafting method of a planting fruit-trees as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, the shear method of cutting of described scion is: in scion base portion 3 centimeters, splay downwards, then cut over there a little inclined-plane; Then in its both sides, respectively cut one apart from the little inclined-plane of 2 ± 0.1 centimetres of scion base portion length.
4. the full limb grafting method of a planting fruit-trees as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, described in the scion of sealing with wax be: scion is cut and cut, and scionwood segment length is 10-15 centimetre, retains 3 more than bud, the full bud of top tool; During sealing wax, first industrial paraffin is placed on to heating and melting in container, when 95 ℃-102 ℃ of wax temperature, the scionwood Duan Yitou shearing is dipped in rapidly in wax liquid, then it is quickly dipped to change other end, in scion, do not stay the space of not dipping in wax.
5. the full limb grafting method of a planting fruit-trees as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, described windproof being treated to: grow up to after new branch more than 30cm in scion, with the waddy of the long 80-100cm of diameter 3cm, be strapped on stock, draw young sprout to tie up on it upper end, each joint all will be tied up a rod, in case windbreak.
6. the full limb grafting method of a planting fruit-trees as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, under described low temperature, moisturizing is stored and required temperature lower than 4 ℃, and humidity reaches more than 90%.
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| CN103960063A (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2014-08-06 | 伍广俊 | Fruit tree grafting method |
| CN105145548A (en) * | 2014-06-05 | 2015-12-16 | 祁居寿 | Preservation method of nursery stock scion by dipping scion in wax |
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| CN105557318A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-05-11 | 河北省林业科学研究院 | Grafting method for apple tree |
| CN106069213A (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2016-11-09 | 杨兆权 | A kind of method of veteran high position grafting |
| CN106718117A (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2017-05-31 | 史占彪 | A kind of fruit-tree grafting technology |
| CN107278626A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-10-24 | 巫山县振兴农牧科技开发有限公司 | A kind of fruit-tree grafting method |
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| CN108040649A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-05-18 | 薛凤梧 | The branches of tall trees swap method of pear tree |
| CN109496578A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-03-22 | 南京科森挤出装备有限公司 | Branch tree root vehicle cylinder and trunk branch bore the engrafting method of the seamless cooperation of circular hole |
| CN109691311B (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2021-04-06 | 天津农学院 | Labor-saving fruit tree grafting method for top grafting |
| CN109997541A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-07-12 | .鄢陵县林业科学研究所 | A kind of seedling grafting management method |
| CN114747376A (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2022-07-15 | 路萍 | High-grafting head-changing cultivation method for apple trees |
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| CN100534292C (en) * | 2007-05-11 | 2009-09-02 | 陈福志 | Method for planting prolific cherry in big shack |
| CN101292617B (en) * | 2008-06-19 | 2010-09-22 | 郑军义 | Cultivation method for stone fruit type fruit tree |
| CN101828485A (en) * | 2010-05-28 | 2010-09-15 | 新疆农业大学 | Method for improving cold-resistant property of Korla fragrant pears by high-position grafting |
| CN102783390A (en) * | 2012-08-24 | 2012-11-21 | 张掖市林业科学研究院 | Top-grafting and superior variety-exchange cultivation method of improved variety of apricot tree |
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