CN105993738B

CN105993738B - A kind of winter peach special fruit bag and its application in the cultivation of winter peach and accumulating

Info

Publication number: CN105993738B
Application number: CN201610373989.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 于菲; 仇明华; 张晏; 陆琳
Original assignee: HORTICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE YUNNAN ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Current assignee: HORTICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE YUNNAN ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Priority date: 2016-05-26
Filing date: 2016-05-31
Publication date: 2017-10-03
Anticipated expiration: 2036-05-31
Also published as: CN105993738A

Abstract

A kind of application the present invention relates to winter peach special fruit bag and its in the cultivation of winter peach and accumulating, the inner bag of the fruit bag is made of the white paraffin paper and foam grid of singing sided waxing, and inner bag outer surface wax layer is outwards, compressed together with foam grid.Flowering fruit bearing stage bagging management is carried out using such special fruit bag in winter peach is cultivated, and coordinates the special pruning method of winter peach, water-fertilizer integral to add the cultivation technique measures such as bag control slow-release fertilizer, so as to realize the high-quality of winter peach production, high yield.In addition, the such winter peach special fruit bag of application carries out accumulating, even paper bag harvesting transport, it is possible to prevente effectively from fruit surface is abraded in transport, so that the problems such as influenceing fruit quality.

Description

A kind of winter peach special fruit bag and its application in the cultivation of winter peach and accumulating

Technical field

The invention belongs to technical field of agricultural cultivation, and in particular to a kind of winter peach special fruit bag and its winter peach cultivate and store up Application in fortune.

Background technology

Yunnan Province's peach cultivation history is long, distribution is wide, and 16 states (city) of the whole province have plantation, especially Yunnan winter peach Turned into the unique winter listing in the whole nation eats peach fruit raw, by the provinces and regions such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Xinjiang and Ma Laixi The Southeast Asia such as Asia fruit whole seller tries to be the first the well sold and in short supply fruit of panic buying.

For national the Belt and Road strategy, Yunnan Province is highlighted in face of Southeast Asia, the advantage in geography in South Asia.Temperate zone fruit with Southeast Asia, the tropical fruit (tree) in South Asia have stronger complementarity and advantage in geography, and country in Southeast Asia is due to buddhism belief and consumption Custom, peach fruit has the larger market demand.Shown according to investigation in 2014：Yunnan Province exports the peach of Vietnam by river mouth port The daily trading volume of fruit reaches 1000 tons, the temporal advantage of Yunnan Province's peach industry development Existential Space, with larger city Prospect, the buyer agent of the Xinfadi wholesale market of Beijing in 2014 is just intended to purchase the winter peach of more than 150 grams of 100 tons of single fruit weights, but 40 tons are only received, the high quality fruit present situation that supply falls short of demand, dogberry is unsalable occur in the purchase and sale of the winter peach place of production.

The Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau is the larger Low Latitude Plateau Area of the unique global implication of China, and making to form many here has Not in the other regional special climate phenomenons of China.Annual temperature range is small, and it's like spring all the year round；But daily temperature range is big, can divide within one day The four seasons, summer in daytime winter at night；Dry and wet season is clearly demarcated, and Xia Yudong is done, and winter-spring season sunlight-heat reaources enrich, and day and night temperature is conducive to fruit to seek greatly Support that the accumulation of material, pest and disease damage be few, fruit high-quality and safety.11-12 months in the northern world of ice and snow, the late-maturing winter peach in Yunnan Province Start ripe；The late-maturing peach maturity period of national peach producing region Open air product the latest be ripe, November before and after " 11 " National Day Other areas of part whole nation are without the listing of peach commodity, so Yunnan winter peach is whole nation high-quality outdoor cropping peach product ripe the latest Kind.In addition, peach fruit have shelf life it is short, not storage tolerance the characteristics of, after peach fruit is refrigerated, peculiar fragrance disappears, local flavor Subtract light, quality loss is big；Fruit is sold based on fresh fruit.Therefore, national winter shortage peach fresh fruit has been filled up in the production of Yunnan winter peach The gaps in market of supply, the advantageous weather in Yunnan Province, environmental advantage just gradually become industrial advantage, and winter peach is gradually disappeared The favor of the person of expense and price are high and stablize.Wrong season fruit market competitiveness is strong, possesses the speciality of Yunnan Guanyuan characteristic fruit.Cause This, cultivates wrong season peach industry, to mountain area, upper level agricultural sector structure adjustment, drives increasing peasant income significant, meet country The Belt and Road strategy.

At present, the horizontal good and the bad of Yunnan Province winter peach management of industry differs, and output value difference is larger.Advantage producing region, managerial skills are high Orchard, high quality fruit rate is up to more than 80%, more than 20,000 yuan of per mu yield value；Kind, region, the problematic orchard of management, high-quality Fruit rate is less than 30%, only 3000 yuan or so of per mu yield value.Winter peach production generally existing seedling quality is poor, cultivation management is extensive, lacks Technical standard, causes that product quality grade is uneven, cultivation benefit is not high.Shilin county of Kunming, Yiliang County, rich people in 2014 The investigation of Ji Luquan counties of county winter peach garden shows：Mean fruit weight is 110 grams, and the fruit that more than 200 grams of mean fruit weight is less than 5% Ratio, only 600 kilograms of per mu yield.The winter peach per mu yield in Binchuan County Jizu Shan Mountain town reaches 1500 kilograms, orchard purchase Valency is:The procurement price that 250 grams of mean fruit weight is 12 yuan/kilogram, and the procurement price that more than 150 grams of mean fruit weight is 6.8 yuan/public affairs Jin；The procurement price of 100-150 grams of mean fruit weight is 2.5 yuan/kilogram；Less than 100 grams of fruit can not be sold.Managerial skills are high Peasant household's winter peach per mu yield reach more than 2000 kilograms, the output value is up to more than 20,000 yuan.But, mean fruit weight reach 200 grams with On winter Peach fruits quantity less than 20%, most peasant household's winter peach per mu yield values be 0.5 ten thousand yuan or so.Winter peach industry high quality fruit ratio It is small, yield poorly, generally existing the problem of benefit is not high, agricultural product production increasingly highlights with market to the contradiction of commodity fruit requirement, Winter peach industry development is difficult to the demand for meeting market.The relevant criterion of current country's peach industrial technology, mainly for northern peach Formulate main producing region.Therefore, Yunnan Province is badly in need of setting up with more advanced technical measures, advised for the technology that Yunnan Province winter peach produces Model, increases application dynamics, to improve the product quality and productivity effect of Yunnan Province winter peach, prominent Yunnan Province's Plateau Characteristic evening Ripe peach industrial character, promotes the healthy and sustainable development of industry.It is summed up, is had the following disadvantages in existing winter peach cultivation technique：

1. cropping pattern：Existing orchard winter peach plantation seeding row spacing is 1.5m × 3.0m, 2.0m × 3.0m, 3.0m × 4.0m Deng, peach Planting Row Distance is small, plantation 3-4 after, peach seals row substantially, can not in the ranks use the farm machineries such as tractor, really Orchard Soil, which is turned over and applied fertilizer, all manually to be operated, and increases orchard management cost.Peach is light property dungarunga, peach Feng Hanghou Tree body ventilation and penetrating light is influenceed, fruit sweet taste and storage property decline.

2nd, existing pruning technique was directed to growth period at 250 days, and peach of the breeding time at 180 days is not suitable for growth period 320 My god, special late-maturing peach -- the winter peach of 285 days breeding times, using conventional trim mode, to fructescence blade aging, photosynthetic energy Power declines, and tree body can not provide fruit enough nutrients, influence yield and nutrient quality.

3. existing fertilizer practice was directed to growth period at 250 days, peach of the breeding time at 180 days is not suitable for growth period 320 days, special late-maturing peach -- the winter peach of 285 days breeding times.

4. an existing common fruit bag Adaptable growth phase, peach of the breeding time at 180 days was not suitable for growth period 320 at 250 days My god, special late-maturing peach -- the winter peach of 285 days breeding times, using common fruit bag, it is necessary to pluck bag in two steps, common fruit bag connects after bag harvesting It can not directly be transported for long-distance, also be needed along with protection mesh bag.

5. existing peach transportation technology is mainly low temperature precooling plus cold chain transportation, fructescence is directed to high in high temperature Being cold the peach of wet summer and autumn, special late-maturing peach -- the peach maturity period in winter, airing is dry, and the hardness of fruit is high, resistance to accumulating, with existing Peach transportation technology, the quality decline of peach can be made, local flavor missing.

The content of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to be adapted to special late-maturing winter peach there is provided one kind based on the special weather in Yunnan Low Latitude plateau to give birth to Long development, high-quality, a kind of winter peach special fruit bag, cultural method and the conveying method of high yield.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this, including following three technical scheme：

(1) a kind of winter peach special fruit bag, such as Fig. 1, shown in 2,3, including inside and outside two layers bag, outer bag 1 and inner bag 2, outer bag 1 It is made of water-proof composite paper, outer bag outer surface is yellow waterproof ply of paper 3, and outer bag inner surface 4 scribbles black coating, and its feature exists In, inner bag is made of the white paraffin paper and flexible material clathrum 7 of singing sided waxing, and inner bag outer surface wax layer 5 is outside, with Flexible material clathrum 7 is compressed together, and inner bag inner surface ply of paper 6 is inside；

The outer bag and inner bag are that independently, inner bag is enclosed in outer bag, outer bag and inner bag openend centered position It is provided with " V " shape and ties up otch 8；

Region where the inner bag " V " shape ties up otch 8 is to tie up area 9, ties up the region beyond area and ties up area to be non- 10, the flexible material clathrum 7, which is sheathed on, described non-ties up the top layer of area 10；

Outer bag openend side and bottom side are provided with tearing notch seam；Set ventilative in the outer bag and inner bag base Hole.

Preferably, the grid 7 is made up of strip white pearl cotton or frothing foam, staggeredly for grid or diamond-plaid or tiltedly Line lattice, every diameter 3-5mm is spaced 1-3cm, and grid is pressed on inner bag outer surface 5.

(2) a kind of winter peach cultural method, including selection are adapted to the environment and high quality seedling, wide row more seedlings of winter peach plantation The winter peach pruning side of the water and fertilizer irrigation method of implantation methods, rich water integration plus bag control slow-release fertilizer, trunk shape or " Y " font Method, the winter peach special fruit bag described in application technology scheme (one) carries out method of flowering fruit bearing stage bagging management etc., specific cultural method Including as follows：

(A) selection of winter peach planting environment：Sunshine is sufficient, and the soil is porous, and fertile soil, irrigation condition are good, around without dirt Dye, can produce nuisanceless, pollution-free food region；

(B) selection of nursery stock：Using the wild peach of healthy and strong no disease and pests harm as stock, the peach scion of grafting winter, graft union is away from ground 10- 20cm；

(C) planting patterns of wide row more seedlings：Transplant spacing in the rows 2m, line-spacing 4-5m to level land and gentle slope；

(D) the water and fertilizer irrigation method of rich water integration plus bag control slow-release fertilizer；

(E) the winter peach shaping and trimming method of trunk shape or " Y " font；

(F) method that the winter peach special fruit bag described in application technology scheme (one) carries out flowering fruit bearing stage bagging.

The water and fertilizer irrigation method of the wherein integration of step method (D) rich water plus bag control slow-release fertilizer is specially：(a) fall leaves Dormancy early stage, in 12 last ten-days period-early January, using base manure, based on farm manure organic fertilizer, best fruiting period peach dose is 30kg/ - 50kg/ plants of strain, coordinates 5kg/ plants of general calcium, 0.3kg/ plants of potash fertilizer；Fertilizer is uniformly sprinkling upon to native surface, with the full garden of small-size rotary tiller Plough is turned over, orchard weed, fertilizer are ploughed under the peach Root Distribution layer that depth of soil is 20-40 centimetres；Smooth soil surface, is utilized Irrigation rig is poured water under native table, and every plant is set 50 kilograms；Putting bag control slow-release fertilizer under delivery port, less than 3 years every plant of 2-4 bags of the age of trees, 3 Every plant of 6-12 bags of year above age of tree, covering and heat insulating separation layer Novel mulching film；(b) before bud is sprouted：Early Febuary, using under native table Irrigation rig, bag control slow-release fertilizer, peach spraying fertilizer are poured water, kilogram/plant of irrigation quantity 10；Interval is irrigated 1 time for 7 days blooms to peach； (c) florescence is to leaf stretching period：Mid-February-early March, the urea of+0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.3% borax of foliage-spray+0.3%, Interval 7 days 1 time, foliage spray totally 3 times；

Xie Huahou is to young fruit period：Mid-March-the last ten-days period, utilize irrigation rig, bag control slow-release fertilizer, peach spraying fertilizer under native table Pour water, kilogram/plant of irrigation quantity 5 is spaced 7-10 days, is applied fertilizer 2 times；(d) fruit growth period, October, using irrigation rig under native table, Bag control slow-release fertilizer, kilogram/plant of irrigation quantity 5；Interval 15 days, applies fertilizer 2 times.

The winter peach shaping and trimming method of wherein step (E) trunk shape or " Y " font is：(a) to opening after bud is sprouted Florescence：Mid-February, preceding complex shears is spent, wipe out no leaf spray and thin and delicate branch；(b) Summerly pruning, the 4-5 months routine summer pruning, often The moon once, removes no leaf fruitful branch, sick branch, back branch, back of the body undershoot, overstocked branch；(c) 6-7 month young sprouts renewal pruning, to nutrition Branch and partial results branch short are cut；(d) dormant pruning, late January, remove ageing results branch, bough of the rugosity more than 1 centimetre, Sick branch, back branch, prosperous long shoot, overstocked branch.

Application wherein described in step (F) has the method that the winter peach special fruit bag of foam grid carries out flowering fruit bearing stage bagging： (a) to florescence after bud is sprouted：Mid-February, excessive bud of erasing, keep rationally uniformly stay spur from；(b) second is secondary Manage after shedding, early April-the middle ten days fruit thinning, fruit spur, bouquet shape fruit branch stay 1 fruit/branch, and middle 10-15 centimetres of long fruit branch interval is stayed 1 fruit, using the foregoing winter peach special fruit bag with grid bagging immediately.

(3) a kind of method that application winter peach special fruit bag carries out fruit harvesting and transport：

10 days before fruit maturation, it will be extractd in the middle part of the outer bag of foregoing winter peach special fruit bag, and allow fruit color；7-10 days fruits After real coloring, with inner bag together picking fruit, collecting time is before 10 points of every morning, the fruit of harvesting directly connects really packed Case is transported, it is to avoid damage of the pericarp in recovery process；Transport vehicle does not need refrigerating equipment, and the cloth that is only in the light with covering is in the light i.e. Can.

A kind of application the invention provides winter peach special fruit bag and its in the cultivation of winter peach and accumulating, it is at least following aobvious Work feature and prominent beneficial effect：

(1) there is no space between the fruit bag of prior art is double-deck, equivalent to two layers fruit bag is close to fruit face, without clearance space, During fruit growth is ripe, 25-40 DEG C of temperature, 35-50 DEG C of direct projection temperature, although across fruit bag, still can influence fruit because of high temperature Grow directly from seeds length.The internal layer fruit bag pearl cotton or frothing foam grid of the present embodiment will between ectonexine paper bag formed an air every Layer, it is possible to decrease high temperature is burnt to fruit face.

(2) individual layer or general dual layer fruit bag, due to fruit bag gross thickness less, the longer insect of some sucking mouth parts can wear Foam grid adds the thickness of whole fruit bag in bur bag injury fruit, this programme, can prevent pest fruit.

(3) fructescence is summer and autumn late spring, and hail disaster is serious, and individual layer or general dual layer fruit bag thickness are small, do not have There is buffering, it is impossible to prevent hail disaster.The flexible cushioning effect of foam grid in this programme, can prevent hail from injuring fruit by a crashing object.

(4) foam grid frictional force is big, and directly contact fruit face can be because the friction fruit such as vibrations face, by pericarp in transit Scratch.And also have one layer of paper bag between this programme grid and fruit face, it can avoid abrading fruit surface.

(5) even paper bag harvesting can prevent from plucking the fruit surface damage caused, and prevent bird worm beast gnaws from biting fruit.

(6) even paper bag harvesting transport, can on the way ensure the certain gas permeability of certain humidity, slow down Fruit anatomy, prolong The shelf life of long fruit, meanwhile, only it need to extract outer bag once after bagging, even inner bag harvesting, and without extra increase transport protection It can case, Fruit exterior is good, be to be adapted to special late-maturing peach to grow the excellent production of high yield, reduce fruit bag and pluck the special of cost after bag Use fruit bag.

(7) peach is light property dungarunga, peach Feng Hanghou influence tree body ventilation and penetrating lights.The closing of peach tree body, branch because Lack illumination and deadwood, cause tree body cella baldness, setting fruit position is reduced, influence yield and quality.In addition, existing orchard winter peach Plantation seeding row spacing is 1.5m × 3.0m, 2.0m × 3.0m, 3.0m × 4.0m etc., and three major branches or the happy shape of many major branches are tree-like, peach Planting Row Distance is small, and after plantation 3-4, peach seals row substantially, can not in the ranks use the farm machineries such as tractor, and orchard soil is turned over Plough and fertilising is all manually operated, increase orchard management cost.The present invention uses the cropping pattern of the narrow strain of wide row, and seeding row spacing is 1.5m × 4.0m, 2.0m × 5.0m etc., trunk shape or " Y " font are tree-like.Ensure that peach branch has illumination, it is to avoid deadwood；Subtract The branches and leaves effective consumption trunk infusion that few closing are caused, improves the qualities such as fruit local flavor；It is easy to the operation of Machinery for orchard, improves fruit The garden efficiency of management, reduces cost of labor.

(8) blade is the organ that peach photosynthesis obtains energy and nutrient, and common trim mode does not ensure that blade Winter peach demand of the breeding time up to 11 months is met, and during the peach maturity period in winter, without supporting needed for enough blade offer fruits Point, cause fruit quality to reduce, one-level fruit ratio is small.There is provided the update mode of blade for technical solution of the present invention so that in fruit The real maturity period have enough blades carry out photosynthesis provide nutrient, it is ensured that fruit harvesting high-quality high-yield, improve one-level fruit ratio and The commodity rate of fruit.Traditional 1000 yuan or so of every mu of cost of labor of trim mode, every mu of this programme trim mode can be saved manually 800 yuan of cost.

(9) common fertilizer applications are both for breeding time in growth period less long peach.Special late-maturing peach growth and development stage is long Up to 11 months, if using conventional fertilizer applications, can cause growth and development stage fertilizer efficiency not enough, and effect of topdressing in short term was bad, Influence Growth status and fruit quality.The rich water integration of the excellent production high yield of technical solution of the present invention+bag control sustained release fertilizer technology, can be real It is now long-term, slowly, uniformly discharge fertilizer efficiency, it is ensured that the yield and quality of winter peach.Compared with conventional fertilizer application method, this programme technology Fertilizer application frequency is reduced, fertilising yuan/mu of cost 500 can be reduced.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is winter peach special fruit bag overall structure diagram；

Fig. 2 is outer bag hierarchical structure schematic diagram in winter peach special fruit bag；

Fig. 3 is the inner bag structure schematic diagram with internal layer flexible material clathrum；

Each label lists as follows in figure：

1- outer bags, 2- inner bags, 3- outer bags outer surface yellow waterproof ply of paper, 4- outer bag inner surfaces black coating, outside 5- inner bags Surface wax layer, 6- inner bag inner surfaces ply of paper, 7- flexible materials clathrum, 8- tie up otch, 9-tying up area, 10-and non-tie up area

Embodiment

To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention of greater clarity, with reference to embodiment and join According to accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.It should be understood that these descriptions are merely illustrative, and it is not intended to limit this hair Bright scope.In addition, in the following description, the description to known features and technology is eliminated, to avoid unnecessarily obscuring this The concept of invention.

A kind of winter peach special fruit bag and its application in the cultivation of winter peach and accumulating that the present invention is provided, it is specific as follows：

1. a kind of winter peach special fruit bag

Fruit bag is divided into two layers bag, outer bag (1) and inner bag (2), and outer bag is made of water-proof composite paper, outer bag outer surface (3) For white or grey or yellow waterproof ply of paper, outer bag inner surface (4) scribbles black coating, and inner bag uses the white wax of singing sided waxing Paper and foam grid are made, and inner bag outer surface (5) wax layer is outside, inner bag inner surface compressed together with foam grid (7) (6) ply of paper is inside；The outer bag and inner bag are that independently, inner bag is enclosed in outer bag, at the sack of inner bag and outer bag and bottom Portion is pasted together, and outer bag and inner bag openend centered position are provided with and tie up otch；Outer bag openend side and bottom one Side is provided with tearing notch seam；In the outer bag and inner bag base, air-vent is set.

The grid (7) is made up of strip white pearl cotton or frothing foam, is staggeredly grid, every diameter 3-5mm, Every 1-3cm, it is ensured that not shading simultaneously plays the role of shockproof cushioning protection fruit.Grid is pressed in inner bag outer surface (5).

Further, the flexible material clathrum (7) is made up of strip white pearl cotton or lofted foam material, staggeredly For diamond-plaid or grid or twill lattice, every diameter 3-5mm is spaced 1-3cm.

2. winter peach cultural method：

(1) Regional environmental quality requirement

Yunnan Dong Tao orchards addressing should evade the region that the meteorological disasters such as cold spell in later spring, hail take place frequently, and effectively evade meteorological calamity The harm that evil is produced to winter peach；Select sunshine sufficient, the soil is porous, preferably, surrounding is pollution-free, can for fertile soil, irrigation condition Nuisanceless, pollution-free food the region of production, it is ensured that product high-quality and safety.

(2) selection of seedling

Using the low chilling requirement wild peach of the Yunnan Wild of healthy and strong no disease and pests harm as stock, the peach scion of grafting winter, graft union is away from ground 10-20cm；Orchard Construction selection high quality seedling plantation, it is ensured that Early Paleozoic strata.

(3) transplant

The plantation of winter peach strengthens the ventilation and penetrating light of fruit tree using the planting patterns of wide row more seedlings, reduces pest and disease damage；Be conducive to fruit Garden mechanization management.Transplant spacing in the rows 2m, line-spacing 5m to level land and gentle slope.The excessive mountain region of the gradient should push into wide terraced fields, spacing in the rows 2m, line-spacing 4-5m.Orchard spacing in the rows 1.5m, 4 mu of m of line-spacing.

(4) soil fertilizer and water management

Fallen leaves dormancy early stage：12 last ten-days period-early January, using base manure, based on the organic fertilizers such as farm manure, best fruiting period peach Dose is 30kg/ plants -50kg/ plants, coordinates 5kg/ plants of general calcium, 0.3kg/ plants of potash fertilizer；Fertilizer is uniformly sprinkling upon to native surface, with small Plough is turned in the full garden of type rotary cultivator, and orchard weed, fertilizer are ploughed under the peach Root Distribution layer that depth of soil is 20-40 centimetres；It is smooth Soil surface, is poured water using irrigation rig under native table, and every plant is set 50 kilograms；Putting bag control slow-release fertilizer under delivery port, sets for less than 3 years Every plant of 2-4 bags of age, more than 3 years every plant of 6-12 bags of the age of trees.Covering and heat insulating separation layer Novel mulching film.Peach underground root system growth earlier than Ground twig, this phase irrigation fertilization is conducive to Root Absorption soil nutrient, supplies shoot and leaf growth.

Before bud is sprouted：Early Febuary, using irrigation rig, bag control slow-release fertilizer under native table, peach spraying fertilizer is poured water, poured water Measure 10 kilograms/plant；Interval is irrigated 1 time for 7 days blooms to peach.This phase irrigation fertilization is conducive to Root Absorption soil nutrient, supply Shoot and leaf growth.

Florescence is to leaf stretching period：Mid-February-early March, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate+0.3% of 0.3% borax of foliage-spray+0.3% Urea, is spaced 7 days 1 time, foliage spray 3 times totally.Foliage spray can the growth of fast supply peach required trace element and nitrogen phosphorus Potassium.

Xie Huahou is to young fruit period：Mid-March-the last ten-days period, utilize irrigation rig, bag control slow-release fertilizer, peach spraying fertilizer under native table Pour water, kilogram/plant of irrigation quantity 5 is spaced 7-10 days, is applied fertilizer 2 times.This phase irrigation fertilization is conducive to Root Absorption soil nutrient, supplies Answer young fruit and Shoot growth.

Fruit growth period：In October, utilize irrigation rig, bag control slow-release fertilizer, kilogram/plant of irrigation quantity 5 under native table；Interval 15 My god, apply fertilizer 2 times.Quick expanding stage before fruit maturation, irrigation fertilization is conducive to Root Absorption soil nutrient, supply fruit life It is long.

(5) pruning

Bud sprout after to florescence：Mid-February, preceding complex shears is spent, wipe out no leaf spray and thin and delicate branch.Concentrate tree nutrient Supply peach growth.

Summerly pruning, the 4-5 months routine summer pruning, monthly, remove no leaf fruitful branch, sick branch, back branch, the back of the body Undershoot, overstocked branch.Tree body ventilation and penetrating light is kept, effective consumption and pest and disease damage is reduced.6-7 month young sprout renewal prunings, to nutrition branch And partial results branch it is short cut, inspire young sprout, it is ensured that the photosynthetic capacity of blade provides fruit growth enough during fruit maturation in December Required energy and nutrient.

Dormant pruning, late January, remove ageing results branch, bough of the rugosity more than 1 centimetre, sick branch, back branch, Prosperous long shoot, overstocked branch.Avoid the key bough of peach excessive, influence tree body cella ventilation and penetrating light, it is ensured that the quantity of fruitful branch and excellent Matter is got bumper crops.

(6) flower and fruit management

Bud sprout after to florescence：Mid-February, excessive bud of erasing keeps rationally uniformly staying spur from reduction tree The effective consumption of body nutrition.

After second of physiological fallen fruit, early April-the middle ten days fruit thinning, fruit spur, bouquet shape fruit branch stay 1 fruit/branch, middle long fruit Stay 1 fruit in 10-15 centimetres of branch interval.Ensure the size of high quality fruit.Insecticidal bactericide is sprayed, after fruit face decoction is dry, using low latitude Highlands peach special fruit bag bagging immediately.Spray and bagging interval are no more than 10h.Drop is run into if also non-bagging after spray Rain, then need to become a fine day the ability bagging that sprays again after fruit face steam is done.Acted on by the physical isolation of bagging, reduce residues of pesticides and Disease pest endangers, it is ensured that the presentation quality of fruit.

3. winter Peach fruits harvest conveying method

10 days before fruit maturation, it will be extractd in the middle part of the outer bag of special fruit bag, fruit color；After 7-10 days fruit colors, band Inner bag picking fruit together.Collecting time is before 10 points of every morning, the fruit of harvesting directly connects the transport of fruit bag encasement, it is to avoid Damage of the pericarp in recovery process, influences presentation quality；Fruit core temperature is relatively low before 10 points, is conducive to keeping fruit local flavor And Shelf-life.Transport vehicle does not need refrigerating equipment, and the cloth that is only in the light with covering is in the light, it is to avoid in transit in fruit temperature Rise, influence nutrient quality and shelf life.

It is contemplated that a kind of winter peach special fruit bag and its application in the cultivation of winter peach and accumulating are protected, in use, only It need to will tie up otch and be against and bear fruit on branch, the fruit bag that will tie up otch or so knots, and weather is relatively dry during bagging, passes through Outer bag outer surface waterproof ply of paper realizes the anti-bird of rain-proof waterproof, insect prevention, prevents fertilizer and pesticide from polluting fruit, while light-colored surface can have Temperature on effect reduction direct sunlight to fruit；Ultraviolet can preferably be blocked by outer bag inner surface black coating, make fruit Real pericarp does not produce anthocyanidin in growth course, presents white or light yellow.Due to adding clathrum in ectonexine fruit bag, Fruit bag thickness is increased, rainy season thorn inhales the insect such as trypetid of injury fruit, and heart-eating worm etc. can not pierce through fruit bag harm fruit.November Day and night temperature is increased afterwards, and particularly nocturnal temperature tends to 5 DEG C, and whole Growing season sun direct projection temperature is too high, and clathrum is increased Fruit bag wall thickness, forms an air layer, can reduce the injury of temperature Change and strong sunlight to fruit.11 the middle ten days-January peach During sub- maturation, before harvesting 7-15 days before harvesting, hauling between two tearing notches of outer bag are stitched will extract in the middle part of outer bag, retain inner bag and outer Bag bottom, clathrum and the white paraffin paper of inner bag can realize fruit color with printing opacity, and white inner bag has water retaining function, solves The problem of winter peach moisture evaporation that winter dryness air is brought is too fast；White inner bag inner surface ply of paper directly connects with peach fruit Touch, protect fruit surface not to be contaminated and rub；The outer bag bottom of reservation just covers the peach nose part of peach, slows down peach point Ripe speed.Grid and inner bag are not required to extract again, and direct networking lattice inner bag is plucked together during harvesting peach, and vanning can be transported It is defeated.

It was verified that the present invention has the beneficial effect of highly significant, it is summarized as follows：

(1) there is no space between the fruit bag of prior art is double-deck, equivalent to two layers fruit bag is close to fruit face, without clearance space, During fruit growth is ripe, 25-40 DEG C of temperature, 35-50 DEG C of direct projection temperature, although across fruit bag, still can influence fruit because of high temperature Grow directly from seeds length.The present embodiment internal layer fruit bag pearl cotton or frothing foam grid will form an air buffer between ectonexine paper bag, High temperature can be reduced to burn to fruit face.

(8) blade is the organ that peach photosynthesis obtains energy and nutrient, and common trim mode does not ensure that blade Winter peach demand of the breeding time up to 11 months is met, and during the peach maturity period in winter, without supporting needed for enough blade offer fruits Point, cause fruit quality to reduce, one-level fruit ratio is small.There is provided the update mode of blade for technical solution of the present invention so that Fructescence has enough blades and provides nutrient to carry out photosynthesis, it is ensured that fruit harvesting high-quality high-yield, improves one-level fruit ratio And the commodity rate of fruit.Traditional 1000 yuan or so of every mu of cost of labor of trim mode, every mu of this programme trim mode can save people 800 yuan of work cost.

It should be appreciated that the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention is used only for exemplary illustration or explains the present invention's Principle, without being construed as limiting the invention.Therefore, that is done without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention is any Modification, equivalent substitution, improvement etc., should be included in the scope of the protection.In addition, appended claims purport of the present invention Covering the whole changes fallen into scope and border or this scope and the equivalents on border and repairing Change example.

Claims

1. a kind of winter peach special fruit bag, including inside and outside two layers bag, outer bag (1) and inner bag (2), outer bag (1) use water-proof composite paper It is made, outer bag outer surface is yellow waterproof ply of paper (3), outer bag inner surface (4) scribbles black coating, it is characterised in that inner bag is adopted Be made of the white paraffin paper and flexible material clathrum (7) of singing sided waxing, inner bag outer surface wax layer (5) outwards, with flexibility Material clathrum (7) is compressed together, and inner bag inner surface ply of paper (6) is inwardly；Wherein：

The outer bag and inner bag are that independently, inner bag is enclosed in outer bag, and outer bag and inner bag openend centered position are set There is " V " shape to tie up otch (8)；

Region where the inner bag " V " shape ties up otch (8) is to tie up area (9), ties up the region beyond area and ties up area to be non- (10), the flexible material clathrum (7), which is sheathed on, described non-ties up area (10) top layer；

Outer bag openend side and bottom side are provided with tearing notch seam；In the outer bag and inner bag base, air-vent is set；

The flexible material clathrum (7) is made up of strip white pearl cotton or lofted foam material.

2. winter peach special fruit bag according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the flexible material clathrum (7) is staggeredly water chestnut Shape lattice or grid or twill lattice, every diameter 3-5mm are spaced 1-3cm.

3. a kind of winter peach cultural method, includes the selection of (1) winter peach planting environment and nursery stock；(2) implantation methods of wide row more seedlings； (3) the water and fertilizer irrigation method of rich water integration plus bag control slow-release fertilizer；(4) the winter peach shaping and trimming method of trunk shape or " Y " font； (4) flowering fruit bearing stage bagging, the method for plucking bag management are carried out using the winter peach special fruit bag described in any one of claim 1-3；

The winter peach planting environment condition includes：Sunshine is sufficient, and the soil is porous, and fertile soil, irrigation condition are preferable, around without dirt Dye, can produce nuisanceless, pollution-free food region；

The selection of seedling condition includes：Using the wild peach of healthy and strong no disease and pests harm as stock, the peach scion of grafting winter, graft union is away from ground 10-20cm；

The planting patterns of the wide row more seedlings includes：Transplant spacing in the rows 2m, line-spacing 4-5m to level land and gentle slope.

4. winter peach cultural method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the rich water integration adds bag control slow-release fertilizer Water and fertilizer irrigation method is：(a) fallen leaves dormancy early stage, in 12 last ten-days period-early January, using base manure, based on farm manure organic fertilizer, is contained Fruiting period peach dose is 30kg/ plants -50kg/ plants, coordinates 5kg/ plants of general calcium, 0.3kg/ plants of potash fertilizer；Fertilizer is uniformly sprinkling upon soil Surface, plough is turned over the full garden of small-size rotary tiller, and orchard weed, fertilizer are ploughed under the peach root system point that depth of soil is 20-40 centimetres Layer of cloth；Smooth soil surface, is poured water using irrigation rig under native table, and every plant is set 50 kilograms；Putting bag control slow-release fertilizer under delivery port, Less than 3 years every plant of 2-4 bags of the age of trees, more than 3 years every plant of 6-12 bags of the age of trees, covering and heat insulating separation layer Novel mulching film；(b) bud is sprouted Before：Early Febuary, using irrigation rig, bag control slow-release fertilizer under native table, peach spraying fertilizer is poured water, kilogram/plant of irrigation quantity 10；Interval 7 It is irrigated 1 time and bloomed to peach；(c) florescence is to leaf stretching period：Mid-February-early March, the phosphorus of 0.3% borax of foliage-spray+0.3% The urea of acid dihydride potassium+0.3%, is spaced 7 days 1 time, foliage spray 3 times totally；(d) Xie Huahou is to young fruit period：Mid-March-the last ten-days period, profit With irrigation rig, bag control slow-release fertilizer under native table, peach spraying fertilizer is poured water, kilogram/plant of irrigation quantity 5, is spaced 7-10 days, is applied fertilizer 2 times； (e) fruit growth period, in October, utilizes irrigation rig, bag control slow-release fertilizer, kilogram/plant of irrigation quantity 5 under native table；Interval 15 days, fertilising 2 times.

5. winter peach cultural method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:The winter peach of the trunk shape or " Y " font is whole Shape pruning method is：(a) to florescence after bud is sprouted：Mid-February, preceding complex shears is spent, wipe out no leaf spray and thin and delicate branch；(b) Summerly pruning, the 4-5 months routine summer pruning, monthly, remove no leaf fruitful branch, sick branch, back branch, the back of the body undershoot, mistake Close branch；(c) 6-7 month young sprouts renewal pruning, short cuts to nutrition branch and partial results branch；(d) dormant pruning, late January, is removed Ageing results branch, bough of the rugosity more than 1 centimetre, sick branch, back branch, prosperous long shoot, overstocked branch.

6. winter peach cultural method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:Described application winter peach special fruit bag is spent The method of fruiting period bagging：(a) to florescence after bud is sprouted：Mid-February, excessive bud of erasing, holding rationally uniformly stays flower Distance；(b) after second of physiological fallen fruit, early April-the middle ten days fruit thinning, fruit spur, bouquet shape fruit branch stay 1 fruit/branch, middle long fruit 1 fruit is stayed at 10-15 centimetres of branch interval, the winter peach special fruit bag bagging described in 1-3 any one of application requirement.

7. a kind of winter peach conveying method：10 days before fruit maturation, by 1-2 any one winter peach special fruit bags of claim Extract in the middle part of outer bag, allow fruit color；After 7-10 days fruit colors, with inner bag together picking fruit before 10 points of morning, harvesting Fruit directly connect fruit bag encasement and carry out accumulating, the carrier vehicle cloth that is in the light with covering is in the light.