CN108925340A - A kind of dwarfing wide row dense planting Apple Culture management method - Google Patents
A kind of dwarfing wide row dense planting Apple Culture management method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108925340A CN108925340A CN201810629949.6A CN201810629949A CN108925340A CN 108925340 A CN108925340 A CN 108925340A CN 201810629949 A CN201810629949 A CN 201810629949A CN 108925340 A CN108925340 A CN 108925340A
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- fruit
- bagging
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of cultivation management methods for downgrading wide row dense planting apple, comprising the following steps: (1) gardening is laid with before blooming cloth, ground cloth cover the ground orchard Shu Panxia, and seam crossing mutually laminates；(2) 40 days or so after full-bloom stage, the fruit to height lower than 1.7m carries out bagging, fruit higher than 1.7m not bagging；(3) fly net is set up immediately after bagging；(4) sex pheromone of Carposina niponensis lure is hung；(5) 15-20 days before harvest, outer bag is first extractd, inner bag is then extractd.For the present invention by way of by highl stratification bagging, the consumption for significantly reducing artificial use, reducing raw material saves cost.The apple produced using method of the invention, lower part bagged fruit fruit face is scarlet, and appearance is beautiful, mouthfeel is crisp and succulence；Top non-bagged fruit fruit face is dense red, and nutrient composition content is high, sugar content is high, mouthfeel sweet tea is crisp.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to gardening plant cultivation and management domains, and in particular to a kind of Apple Culture management method.
Background technique
Apple full set bag technique starts from the 1990s, this technology is reducing pesticide residue, improving fruit mass color
With played huge effect in commodity fruit rate, while there is also recruitments to increase, increased production cost and fruit interior quality
The problems such as in reduction and fruit bag production process to the huge consumption of resource and the energy.Cost of labor is higher and higher at present, according to tune
The appearance for the problems such as research and development are existing, and the cost of labor of bagging accounts for 15% of totle drilling cost or so, and apple price recent years declines, such as
What reduces cost into the key point improved benefit.
Conventional orchard bagging method has the disadvantages that first is that the amount of labour used is big, and what conventional orchard bagging was taken is full garden set
The method of bag, in addition the Apple Bags time compares concentration, bagging skilled worker's difficulty is looked for.Second is that time-consuming, low efficiency.Full garden bagging,
It implements on every plant of fruit tree, eminence bagging and lower bagging can be divided into.The fruit bagging of eminence, tree body is high, and worker's bagging must
It need be just able to achieve by the support of foreign object, need to move supporter, so bagging low efficiency.Third is that eminence fruit bag has light
The serious effect of blocking causes insufficient light, the fruit quality decline of tree body lower part.Due to setting bagging, the fruit bag of tree body eminence entirely
To the transmitance of light have it is very big block, cause the blade of lower part cannot make full use of sunlight carry out photosynthesis, cause down
The problems such as portion and cella fruit color are poor, and quality is low.
Modern times cultivation tree apple tree is mainly based on high spindle, and for major branch number generally at 25-30 or so, tree crown is tight
It gathers, small in size, mu planting density is big.Upper part fruit bagging can make tree body to tree body lower part and the effect of blocking of cella light
The illumination of cella and lower part is insufficient, reduces leaf photosynthesis, reduces fruit sucrose accumulation, and then influence fruit yield and product
Matter.For focusing on the interior quality of fruit, the consumer of high sugar content fruit is favored, bagged fruit not can satisfy such consumption
The demand of person.However, for a part of consumer, when apple is bought in selection, still using the surface smoothness of fruit as
Target first is not so good as Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment without bagged fruit surface smoothness, and the fruit of bagging is not able to satisfy this some consumers
Demand.
Summary of the invention
For the problems such as current Apple whole bagging is at high cost, fruit quality is poor, it is wide that the present invention provides a kind of dwarfing
Row dense planting Apple management method, recruitment is few, high financial profit, and fruit quality is good.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that.
A kind of cultivation management method for downgrading wide row dense planting apple, comprising the following steps:
(1) gardening is laid with before blooming cloth, ground cloth cover the ground orchard Shu Panxia, and seam crossing mutually laminates；
(2) 40 days or so after full-bloom stage, the fruit to height lower than 1.7m carries out bagging, fruit higher than 1.7m not bagging；
(3) fly net is set up immediately after bagging；
(4) sex pheromone of Carposina niponensis lure is hung；
(5) 15-20 days before harvest, outer bag is first extractd, inner bag is then extractd.
In step (1), laminating width is preferably 3-8cm；More preferably 5cm.
In step (3), the top net of the fly net is diamond-shaped meshes nylon wire, and top net width is 5-6m, monofilament 400d, water chestnut
Shape mesh specification is 20mm × 20mm, and top net is successively arranged side by side；Side net selects the anti-wind net of diamond-shaped meshes, and side net length is
50-100m, side net height are 4.0m-4.5m, and diamond-shaped meshes specification is (4-6mm) × (4-6mm), are arranged above and below and are successively connected.
In step (4), the suspension lure time is the first tenday period of a month in May；The suspension height is 1.5m, spacing 50m.
Preferably, in step (5), after inner bag extracts the time as cloudy day or at 4 points in afternoon.
The invention has the following advantages that
Bagging is not easiest to that small heart-eating peach worm and oriental fruit months is caused to endanger fruit apple, causes decayed fruit.The present invention uses object
Reason and chemical method prevent and treat the gardening pest insect for endangering fruit in each stage: small heart-eating peach worm and pears can be prevented by being laid with gardening base fabric
Cause harm to ground at florescence and young fruit after the overwintering egg hatching of Grapholita spp, while ground temperature can be effectively improved, enhancing root system is living
Power；The erection of fly net can prevent the adult for closing on orchard small heart-eating peach worm and oriental fruit months from flying into oviposition, additionally it is possible to anti-
Control scarab beetle adult harm flower and young fruit；Suspension lure can effectively force down the insect population base of small heart-eating peach worm and oriental fruit months
Number；By Synthetical control system, the quantity of the effective pest for controlling fruit of causing harm, the application for reducing fruit face；It is applied by reducing
Dose is not only able to reduce fruit pesticide residue, and it is possible to prevente effectively from pericarp caused by pesticide solvent and auxiliary agent thickens, mentions
Rise mouthfeel.
Modern times downgrade the apple tree of wide row planting culture mode, brachyplast, tree-like short strong, consolidation.The present invention passes through top fruit
Real not bagging, growth period sufficiently receive sunshine, improve the accumulation and mouthfeel of nutritional ingredient；Make lower part branches and leaves and fruit simultaneously most
Big degree receives natural light；Improve lower part lighting and ventilation condition, promotes tree vigo(u)r and fruit quality；Effective ventilation simultaneously can be with
Disease incidence and occurrence degree are reduced to a certain degree.In fruit bag, using the step of extracing inside and outside bag step by step, and it is tight
Lattice control inner bag and extract opportunity, can be effectively prevented fruit and occur to burn day, influence fruit face.
The present invention significantly reduces artificial use, reduces raw material by way of by highl stratification bagging
Consumption, saves cost.The apple produced using method of the invention, lower part bagged fruit fruit face is scarlet, and appearance is beautiful, mouthfeel
Crisp and succulence；Top non-bagged fruit fruit face is dense red, and nutrient composition content is high, sugar content is high, mouthfeel sweet tea is crisp.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is orchard with spreading gardening cloth photo；
Fig. 2 is that orchard sets up fly net；
Fig. 3 is fruit comparison photo: upper layer is fruit bagging, and fruit surface is pink, the non-fruit bagging of lower layer, and fruit surface is dense red.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment and attached drawing, the present invention will be further described, but the present invention is not by the limit of following embodiments
System.
Embodiment 1
It was tested in 2016 in Shandong Fruit-tree Inst. day Pinghu base；Test variety is No. 3/T337 of cigarette richness；Test
Divide 3 processing, 15 plants of trees of each processing；It is managed as follows, other cultivation management conditions are consistent.
1. processing group
(1) on April 5th, 2016, with being laid with gardening before flowering cloth；The orchard ground Shu Panxia cloth all cover, seam crossing
Mutually laminate 5cm；
(2) fruit May 12 to height lower than 1.7m carries out bagging, and bagging, 15 plants of trees do not make the fruit higher than 1.7m altogether
It is worker 1,4.5 hours time-consuming with 1530, fruit bag；
(3) second days erection fly nets, top net are diamond-shaped meshes nylon wire, and top net width is 6m, monofilament 400d, rhombus net hole gauge
Lattice are 20mm × 20mm, and top net is successively arranged side by side；Side net select diamond-shaped meshes anti-wind net, while net length be 100m, while net
Height is 4.5m, and diamond-shaped meshes specification is 4mm) × 4mm, it is arranged above and below and is successively connected；
(4) May 17 days, every spacing are that 50m hangs sex pheromone of Carposina niponensis lure 1, hang on apple tree outer rim, height
For 1.5m.
(5) it harvests and first extracts outer bag preceding 20 day morning, then start at 5 points in afternoon to extract inner bag；Worker 1 is used altogether, consumption
When 2 hours.
2. control group 1
For control group 1 other than setting bagging entirely, other management measures are consistent with processing group, and 15 plants of trees are altogether using 2130, fruit bag, work
It is people 1,11.5 hours time-consuming, it plucks bag and uses artificial 1, time-consuming 3.5 hours.
3. control group 2
Fruit in control group 2 to height lower than 1.7m carries out bagging, fruit higher than 1.7m not bagging.It is not laid with ground cloth, no
Using fly net and property lure, artificial 1 is used altogether, time-consuming 6 hours.Other daily managements are consistent with processing group, control group 1.
For the apple timely collecting of processing group and 2 control groups, statistical average single fruit weight, single plant yield, solubility are solid
Shape object content.And purchase intention is counted to the apple of processing group and control group: in Shandong Agricultural University campus, to two groups of apples
Free trial test is cut, the purchase intention of taster is counted).Test result is as shown in table 1: compared with conventional bagging method (CK1),
Although wormed fruit rate is 0.3 percentage point high, method recruitment of the invention reduces 56.7%, and mean fruit weight improves 11.2%, list
Strain output increased 14.4%, soluble solid content improve 7.3%；Compared with CK2, method recruitment of the invention, average fruit
In weight, single plant yield and the substantially much the same situation of soluble solid content, wormed fruit rate reduces 1.6 percentage points.This hair
Bright purchase intention is up to 78%.
1 2016 years experimental labors of table, fruit quality and purchase intention count
。
On the basis of 2016, continue the test within 2017.Inspection item is tested with 2016, gardening ground cloth paving
If, to set up fly net, ripening fruits picture as shown in Figs. 1-3；The results are shown in Table 2: compared with conventional bagging method (CK1),
Although wormed fruit rate is 0.2 percentage point high, method recruitment of the invention reduces 58.1%, and mean fruit weight improves 11.5%,
Single plant yield improves 14.7%, and soluble solid content improves 9.8%；Compared with CK2, method recruitment of the invention, average list
In fruit weight, single plant yield and the substantially much the same situation of soluble solid content, wormed fruit rate reduces 1.7 percentage points.This
The purchase intention of invention is up to 75%.
2 2017 years experimental labors of table, fruit quality and purchase intention count
。
Claims (5)
1. a kind of cultivation management method for downgrading wide row dense planting apple, which comprises the following steps:
(1) gardening is laid with before blooming cloth, ground cloth cover the ground orchard Shu Panxia, and seam crossing mutually laminates；
(2) 40 days or so after full-bloom stage, the fruit to height lower than 1.7m carries out bagging, fruit higher than 1.7m not bagging；
(3) fly net is set up immediately after bagging；
(4) sex pheromone of Carposina niponensis lure is hung；
(5) 15-20 days before harvest, outer bag is first extractd, inner bag is then extractd.
2. cultivation management method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (1), laminating width is 3-8cm.
3. cultivation management method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (3), the top net of the fly net is
Diamond-shaped meshes nylon wire, top net width are 5-6m, and monofilament 400d, diamond-shaped meshes specification is 20mm × 20mm, pushes up net successively side by side
Arrangement；Side net select diamond-shaped meshes anti-wind net, while net length be 50-100m, while net height be 4.0m-4.5m, diamond-shaped meshes
Specification is (4-6mm) × (4-6mm), is arranged above and below and is successively connected.
4. cultivation management method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (4), the suspension lure time is
May early and middle ten days；The suspension height is 1.5m, spacing 50m.
5. cultivation management method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (5), inner bag extracts the time as the cloudy day
Or after at 4 points in afternoon.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810629949.6A CN108925340A (en) | 2018-06-19 | 2018-06-19 | A kind of dwarfing wide row dense planting Apple Culture management method |
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| CN201810629949.6A CN108925340A (en) | 2018-06-19 | 2018-06-19 | A kind of dwarfing wide row dense planting Apple Culture management method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109673347A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-04-26 | 中国农业大学 | The insect-proof net chamber and its mulching and planting method for preventing and treating oriental fruit months and other pests |
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| CN106718421A (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2017-05-31 | 山东省果树研究所 | A kind of method of apple orchard special protection net pillar and prevention and control not pocket culture small heart-eating peach worm |
| CN107242090A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2017-10-13 | 李海鱼 | A kind of apple upgrading synergy cultural method |
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| CN104920090A (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2015-09-23 | 山东省果树研究所 | Double-layer horizontal arm shaped fruit tree form and tree form shaping method |
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| CN106718421A (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2017-05-31 | 山东省果树研究所 | A kind of method of apple orchard special protection net pillar and prevention and control not pocket culture small heart-eating peach worm |
| CN107242090A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2017-10-13 | 李海鱼 | A kind of apple upgrading synergy cultural method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109673347A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-04-26 | 中国农业大学 | The insect-proof net chamber and its mulching and planting method for preventing and treating oriental fruit months and other pests |
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Application publication date: 20181204 |
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