CN107580930A - One kind exempts from bag cultivating management method for modern intensive apple - Google Patents
One kind exempts from bag cultivating management method for modern intensive apple Download PDFInfo
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- CN107580930A CN107580930A CN201710990351.5A CN201710990351A CN107580930A CN 107580930 A CN107580930 A CN 107580930A CN 201710990351 A CN201710990351 A CN 201710990351A CN 107580930 A CN107580930 A CN 107580930A
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- apple
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- bag cultivating
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Abstract
Exempt from bag cultivating management method for modern intensive apple the invention discloses one kind, comprehensive reasonable of the present invention uses anti-hail net, utilize physics, physiology and the polynary means disease preventing and treating of chemistry, preventing and treating efficiency is improved using spraying mechanical, bagging is replaced using foliar fertilizer is sprayed, pluralism in unity, and then the production of nontoxic apple, high yield, high-quality is realized, and reduce production cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Apple Culture technical field, and in particular to one kind exempts from plastic bag cultivation training management for modern intensive apple
Method.
Background technology
In order to prevent apple disease, apple production is improved, Apple Bags technology is widely used in recent decades, still
With the continuous development of Apple Industry, Apple Bags cost is continuously increased, and part fruit face disease aggravates, to improving product quality production
Adverse effect is given birth to.Fruit-shrink disease caused by the bitter pit caused by the calcium deficiency and boron deficiency aggravates after Apple Bags；Bagging consequence simultaneously
Dark moist environment provides hotbed for germ around real, and the umbrella of agricultural chemicals is also provided for insects such as Kang Shi mealybugs.Apple
Black, red spot disease is than more serious after fruit bagging；Other Apple Bags can block Apple Leaves, reduce its photosynthesis.
The bad assurance of bagging technique, the increase of bagging cost also turn into the barrier of bagging technique development.If can not strict handle
Hold and pluck bag time and operating technology, phenomenon of burning day is also easily produced when plucking bag, fruit commodity rate is reduced, influences economic benefit.Apple
Fruit bagging makes fruit time of exposing to sunlight greatly shorten, and reduces the sugar content of fruit, has desalinated mouthfeel, flavor.More attach most importance to
What is wanted is that Apple Bags season recruitment adds into production cost, reduces the market competitiveness of apple.According to incompletely statistics, the whole city
Annual to need bagging 200~25,000,000,000, each 0.05 yuan of fruit bag cost, yuan/of bagging recruitment 0.07 removes bag recruitment 0.10 2 times
Member/, the bagging cost of each apple is about 0.22 yuan, 36~4,500,000,000 yuan of whole city's bagging cost.
Apple Bags technology ecology safety problem protrudes.For the generation of pest and disease damage after solution bagging, part orchard worker presence makes
With " medicine bag " phenomenon, hidden some dangers for Apple safety production.Meanwhile to ensure that it is reflective that Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment colouring orchard worker widely uses
Film, caused by " white pollution " also aggravating year by year.
The content of the invention
Exempt from bag cultivating management method for modern intensive apple it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of, this method uses
Exempt from the planting type of bagging, apple stable yields, the quality of production are high, and save labour cost, improve orchard worker's benefit, are easy to intensive
Change management.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
One kind exempts from bag cultivating management method for modern intensive apple, comprises the following steps：
(1) construction of external physical protection infrastructure --- build anti-hail net：Anti-hail net mesh specification is 2mm × 7mm,
0.25~0.30mm of mesh wire diameter, breadth are no more than 5m, and every 20 mu are placed one, using material is firm, the anti-hail net is can
Withstand hail impact, resistance to wind, drench with rain, the exterior protection facility of Exposure to Sunlight (focusing on suiting measures to local conditions when specifically used), to
Prevent hail disaster, take into account anti-bird, anti-big flying insect, prevent phenomenon of burning day.
(2) early stage is using three-dimensional pest control method：
1. Control Technology early stage：During whole apple development is developed, promote " four lure " such as lamp are lured, made sex seduction to, property lures, food lures
Experiment and demonstration, carry out mechanization dispenser and be combined with green preventing and treating, formed it is outer have anti-bird fly net, see lamp in the air, set see plate,
There are gyplure desinsection, food lure desinsection, the three-dimensional prevention and control general layout that isotropic silk is isotropic in ground.It is installation frequency ventilating type insecticidal that the lamp, which lures,
Lamp；One is installed per 20-30 mus, the annual 5-10 months use；Described make sex seduction to is yellow plate of the suspension with viscose, every two trees
Suspension one, is hung on from tree crown 1/3；The property, which lures, uses the isotropic silk of gyplure or specification for 240 milligrams/bar, the property
Every mu of lure puts 3-5 groups, and every group of interval 30m, away from ground 1.5m, lure is changed once for one month, starts to hang at the beginning of 3 months, to apple
Fruit harvest is stopped；Described every mu of use of isotropic silk 30~40 is used to prevent and treat oriental fruit months, starts to hang at the beginning of 4 months, whole breeding time
Suspension is once；It is that every mu puts three sets using placement food lure that the food, which lures, is changed once away from 1~1.2m of ground, 10~15d, 4
The middle of the month starts to hang, and stops to apple harvest.The forecast of timing observation daily, the generation of close Monitoring Insect Pest, is prevented and treated in time.
2. spray calcic foliar fertilizer protection fruit face：Calcic foliar fertilizer Main Ingredients and Appearance：Organic coating protective agent >=4.5%, calcium
>=20%.Fruit face sprays first pass after blossom fall 1-2 weeks, is sprayed before young fruit period starts to harvesting 4~6 times, makes fruit face
Protection in two weeks all the time in one layer of organic calcium film, completely cut off pollution by pesticides, reduction agriculture is residual, and the calcium in calcium film can be inhaled by apple
Receive, other parts meeting natural degradation, non-environmental-pollution.
3. further pay close attention to " sick four worms " (disease i.e. ring spot；Four worms be small heart-eating peach worm, oriental fruit months,
Bollworm, green plant bug) generation, selection efficiently, low toxicity, low-residual suit the medicine to the illness agricultural chemicals, limited uses medium toxic pesticides, forbids making
With severe toxicity, high poison, persistent pesticide.The Hua Houzhi formulations of pesticide in July should avoid using cream preparation, more from suspending agent, can
The safe formulation such as WP, aqueous emulsion.
Specific pest control method is shown in Table 1：
1 different pest control methods of table
Wherein, sprayed during the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control using air-assisted type spraying machine：Modern wide row orchard is beneficial to big-and-middle-sized plant protection
Machinery operation, using air-assisted type spraying machine, day working area it is big, beneficial to pest and disease damage carry out fast preventing.Sent out in pest and disease damage
When raw, using the control strategy of " a small amount of repeatedly in time ", can quickly force down pest and disease damage and radix occurs, advantageously reduce medication into
This, reduces residues of pesticides risk.
Preferably, orchard Root-stock selection Dwarf rootstocks or intermediate stock, line-spacing at 3.5~6 meters, spacing in the rows at 0.8~2 meter,
Canopy thickness is at 0.9~2 meter.
It is highly preferred that the orchard is dense planting orchard, cultivation seeding row spacing is 1.5 meters × 4 meters.
It is highly preferred that orchard irrigation is using drip irrigation or micro- fertile integral system of water spray.Normally being applied except the base manure in autumn has
Outside machine fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, other fertilizer 40%-80% required supplementation with can be given using water-fertilizer integral system into can play
Liquid manure utilization ratio is improved, reduces the effect of fertilizer wastes.
The inventive method has the following advantages that：
1st, the present invention replaces paper bag using calcium foliar fertilizer, from the harm of pest and disease damage, eliminates the trouble of bagging, saves
Labour cost, also, using calcium Foliar Spraying fruit face after, completely cut off pollution by pesticides, reduce that agriculture is residual, and the calcium in calcium film can be by apple
Fruit absorbs, other parts meeting natural degradation, non-environmental-pollution.
2nd, the present invention while disposably four kinds of diseases of preventing and treating, improve diseases prevention efficiency, relatively reduce treatment pest and disease damage
Labour cost, moreover it is possible to increase apple production.
3rd, comprehensive reasonable of the present invention uses anti-hail net, using physics, physiology and the polynary means disease preventing and treating of chemistry, utilizes spray
Mist machinery improves preventing and treating efficiency, replaces bagging, pluralism in unity using foliar fertilizer is sprayed, and then realize nontoxic apple, high yield, Gao Pin
The production of matter, and reduce production cost.The bag cultivating technology of exempting from of the present invention improves apple production 29.5%, average every mu of section
3179.14 yuan of this synergy, soluble solid increase by 14.1%, sick leaf rate reduces 4%-8%.This method is applied to modern intensive
Change apple orchard, complete about 600 mu of plasticity constructions of base.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that bag figure compared with the peeling hardness of pocket culture apple is exempted from different regions；
Fig. 2 is that bag figure compared with the soluble solid content of pocket culture apple is exempted from different regions；
Fig. 3 is that bag figure compared with pocket culture apple single fruit weight is exempted from different regions.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further explained by specific embodiment below, it being understood, however, that can be with each
Kind form realizes the present invention without should be limited by embodiments set forth here.Conversely, there is provided these embodiments are to be able to
The present invention is best understood from, and the scope of the present invention can be completely communicated to those skilled in the art.
"comprising" or " comprising " as mentioned in working as in specification in the whole text and claim are an open language, therefore should
It is construed to " include but be not limited to ".To implement the better embodiment of the present invention, so description is specification subsequent descriptions
For the purpose of the rule of specification, the scope of the present invention is not limited to.Protection scope of the present invention is weighed when regarding appended
Profit requires that institute's defender is defined.
Embodiment
One kind exempts from bag cultivating management method for modern intensive apple, comprises the following steps：
(1) construction of external physical protection infrastructure --- build anti-hail net：Anti-hail net mesh specification is 2mm × 7mm,
0.25~0.30mm of mesh wire diameter, breadth are no more than 5m, and every 20 mu are placed one, and the anti-hail net is can to withstand hail to hit
Hit, resistance to wind, drench with rain, the exterior protection facility of Exposure to Sunlight (focusing on suiting measures to local conditions when specifically used), to prevent hail disaster,
Anti- bird, anti-big flying insect are taken into account, prevents phenomenon of burning day.
(2) early stage is using three-dimensional pest control method：
1. Control Technology early stage：During whole apple development is developed, promote " four lure " such as lamp are lured, made sex seduction to, property lures, food lures
Experiment and demonstration, carry out mechanization dispenser and be combined with green preventing and treating, formed it is outer have anti-bird fly net, see lamp in the air, set see plate,
There are gyplure desinsection, food lure desinsection, the three-dimensional prevention and control general layout that isotropic silk is isotropic in ground.It is installation frequency ventilating type insecticidal that the lamp, which lures,
Lamp；Every 25 mu are installed one, and the annual 5-10 months use；Described make sex seduction to is yellow plate of the suspension with viscose, and every two trees are outstanding
One is hung, is hung on from tree crown 1/3；The property, which lures, uses the isotropic silk of gyplure or specification for 240 milligrams/bar, and the property lures
Every mu of agent puts 4 groups, every group of interval 30m, and away from ground 1.5m, lure is changed once for one month, starts to hang at the beginning of 3 months, is received to apple
Obtain only；Described every mu of use of isotropic silk 35 is used to prevent and treat oriental fruit months, starts to hang at the beginning of 4 months, and whole breeding time suspension is once；
It is that every mu puts three sets using placement food lure that the food, which lures, changes once away from 1~1.2m of ground, 10d, starts mid-April to hang
Hang, stop to apple harvest.The forecast of timing observation daily, the generation of close Monitoring Insect Pest, is prevented and treated in time.
2. spray calcic foliar fertilizer protection fruit face：Calcic foliar fertilizer Main Ingredients and Appearance：Organic coating protective agent >=4.5%, calcium
>=20%.Since fruit face spray for 1~2 week after spending first pass medicine, is sprayed before young fruit period starts to harvesting 5 times, fruit face is existed
Protection in two weeks all the time in one layer of organic calcium film, completely cut off pollution by pesticides, reduction agriculture is residual, and the calcium in calcium film can be inhaled by apple
Receive, other parts meeting natural degradation, non-environmental-pollution.
3. further pay close attention to " sick four worms " (disease i.e. ring spot；Four worms be small heart-eating peach worm, oriental fruit months,
Bollworm, green plant bug) generation, selection efficiently, low toxicity, low-residual suit the medicine to the illness agricultural chemicals, limited uses medium toxic pesticides, forbids making
With severe toxicity, high poison, persistent pesticide.The Hua Houzhi formulations of pesticide in July should avoid using cream preparation, more from suspending agent, can
The safe formulation such as WP, aqueous emulsion.Specific pest control method is shown in Table 1.
Wherein, sprayed during the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control using air-assisted type spraying machine：Modern wide row orchard is beneficial to big-and-middle-sized plant protection
Machinery operation, using air-assisted type spraying machine, day working area it is big, beneficial to pest and disease damage carry out fast preventing.Sent out in pest and disease damage
When raw, using the control strategy of " a small amount of repeatedly in time ", can quickly force down pest and disease damage and radix occurs, advantageously reduce medication into
This, reduces residues of pesticides risk.
In order to prove beneficial effects of the present invention, applicant has also carried out following experiment, specific as follows：
Do not have to area at two to carry out Apple Bags respectively and exempt from bag cultivating engineering test, to Apple Fruit Quality after harvest
It is measured with single fruit weight, the peeling hardness for finding, in different plantation areas, to exempt from apple after bag cultivating is above Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment
(Fig. 1), determines to its soluble solid and finds, two regional apples its soluble solid after exempting from bag cultivating contains
Amount is above Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment, and reaches notable (Fig. 2) in base 2.It can be said that bright, apple can be improved by exempting from bag cultivating technology
The interior quality of fruit.
Except being measured to quality, the single fruit weight of apple also measured were.Concrete outcome is shown in Fig. 3, from figure 3, it can be seen that
The apple single fruit weight that bag cultivating is exempted from different regions is not less than Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment, and bag cultivating apple single fruit weight is exempted from compared with bagging apple in base 2
Fruit increases by 15.4%.
Although above with general explanation and specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail, at this
On the basis of invention, it can be made some modifications or improvements, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore,
These modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention, belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (7)
1. one kind exempts from bag cultivating management method for modern intensive apple, it is characterised in that the cultural method includes as follows
Step：
(1) anti-hail net is built：Anti-hail net mesh specification is 2mm × 7mm, 0.25~0.30mm of mesh wire diameter, and breadth is no more than 5m,
Every 20 mu are placed one；
(2) preventing and treating of pest and disease damage early stage：Lured, made sex seduction to using lamp, property lures, food lures " four lure " to be combined；
(3) fruit face sprays calcic foliar fertilizer：Fruit face sprays first pass after blossom fall 1-2 weeks, sprayed later at interval of 10 days,
Sprayed before young fruit period starts to harvesting 4~6 times；
(4) by mixture bactericide and insecticide, by once spraying, while the generation of " sick four worms " is prevented and treated, that is, take turns
Line disease, small heart-eating peach worm, oriental fruit months, bollworm, green plant bug.
2. according to claim 1 exempt from bag cultivating management method for modern intensive apple, it is characterised in that the lamp
It is installation frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp to lure；One is installed per 20-30 mus, the annual 5-10 months use；The sex seduction is that suspension carries viscose
Yellow plate, it is every two tree suspension one, be hung on from tree crown 1/3；The property, which lures, uses gyplure or specification as 240 milligrams/bar
Isotropic silk, every mu of the gyplure puts 3-5 groups, and every group of interval 30m, away from ground 1.5m, lure is changed once for one month, March
Just start to hang, stop to apple harvest；Start to hang at the beginning of described every mu of use of isotropic silk 30~40,4 months, whole breeding time suspension
Once；It is that every mu puts three sets using placement food lure that the food, which lures, and away from 1~1.2m of ground, 10~15d is changed once, in 4 months
Start in ten days to hang, stop to apple harvest.
3. according to claim 1 exempt from bag cultivating management method for modern intensive apple, it is characterised in that anti-to cure the disease
Insect pest is sprayed using air-assisted type spraying machine.
4. according to claim 1 exempt from bag cultivating management method for modern intensive apple, it is characterised in that orchard anvil
Wood selection Dwarf rootstocks or intermediate stock, line-spacing is at 3.5~6 meters, and spacing in the rows is at 0.8~2 meter, and canopy thickness is at 0.9~2 meter.
5. according to claim 4 exempt from bag cultivating management method for modern intensive apple, it is characterised in that the fruit
Garden is dense planting orchard, and cultivation strain, line-spacing are 1.5 meters × 4 meters.
6. according to claim 1 exempt from bag cultivating management method for modern intensive apple, it is characterised in that orchard fills
Irrigate using drip irrigation or micro- fertile integral system of water spray.
7. according to claim 1 exempt from bag cultivating management method for modern intensive apple, it is characterised in that described anti-
The material of hail net is PE, the weight 56-60g per square meter.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710990351.5A CN107580930A (en) | 2017-10-21 | 2017-10-21 | One kind exempts from bag cultivating management method for modern intensive apple |
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| CN201710990351.5A CN107580930A (en) | 2017-10-21 | 2017-10-21 | One kind exempts from bag cultivating management method for modern intensive apple |
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| CN201710990351.5A Pending CN107580930A (en) | 2017-10-21 | 2017-10-21 | One kind exempts from bag cultivating management method for modern intensive apple |
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Cited By (3)
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| CN108925340A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2018-12-04 | 山东省果树研究所 | A kind of dwarfing wide row dense planting Apple Culture management method |
| CN109197312A (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2019-01-15 | 天津三缘宝地农业科技有限公司 | A kind of green prevention and control method for early dew peento plantation gardens |
| CN109673347A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-04-26 | 中国农业大学 | The insect-proof net chamber and its mulching and planting method for preventing and treating oriental fruit months and other pests |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108925340A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2018-12-04 | 山东省果树研究所 | A kind of dwarfing wide row dense planting Apple Culture management method |
| CN109197312A (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2019-01-15 | 天津三缘宝地农业科技有限公司 | A kind of green prevention and control method for early dew peento plantation gardens |
| CN109673347A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-04-26 | 中国农业大学 | The insect-proof net chamber and its mulching and planting method for preventing and treating oriental fruit months and other pests |
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