CN107711234A - A kind of prevention and controls of citrus evil mite - Google Patents
A kind of prevention and controls of citrus evil mite Download PDFInfo
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- CN107711234A CN107711234A CN201710651954.2A CN201710651954A CN107711234A CN 107711234 A CN107711234 A CN 107711234A CN 201710651954 A CN201710651954 A CN 201710651954A CN 107711234 A CN107711234 A CN 107711234A
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- evil mite
- citrus
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- mite
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
Embodiment of the invention discloses that a kind of prevention and controls of citrus evil mite, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:1) orchard is cleaned, the mid-March of annual mid or late November to next year, cuts sick branch, dry branches and fallen leaves is removed, eliminates weeds in orchard, and sick branch is together brought into outside garden and burnt;2) field is ploughed, the larva by a winter is broken in earth's surface, and allow poultry to be pecked at into field;3) strengthen rich water quality management, deep 60 80cm, wide 50 60cm are dug at the low waterline of tree crown, long 1 1.2m trench, is applied fertilizer every year to mandarin tree 34 times;4) using physics except the method preventing and treating evil mite of evil mite;5) using chemical method preventing and treating evil mite.A kind of prevention and controls of citrus evil mite provided by the invention, not only can effectively prevent and treat citrus evil mite, and its prevention effect is preferable, and reduce harmful residues of pesticides, and reduce the pollution to environment that the harmful agricultural chemicals of large area sprinkling is brought.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to citrus planting technology field, and in particular to a kind of prevention and controls of citrus evil mite.
Background technology
Citrus Rutaceae Aurantioideae, it is tangerine, mandarin orange, orange, the general name of golden mandarin orange, shaddock, trifoliate orange etc..China is that world's citrus is former
One of production center, there is the cultivation history of more than 4,000 years, its cultivated area reaches 2,900,000,000 mu, and total output reaches 19,410,000 tons, face
Product, total output rank first in the world.
Although however, very high in China's orange yield, outlet rate is very low.To find out its cause, the residual of agricultural chemicals is to hinder
One of the main reason for mouth, citrus evil mite is the more serious insect of mandarin tree hazard ratio, and the past, orchard worker mainly used dicofol
To tackle evil mite.And dicofol belongs to organic chlorbenside gas, the medicine belongs to never poison, there is stronger murder to evil mite
Effect.The intermediate DDT of dicofol has the characteristics of low aqueous solubility, fat-solubility, and it can be carried out in biological body fat
Biological accumulation, higher concentration is reached in animal body and human body, and persistence is also long, can typically reach 20d or so,
DDT residues of pesticides not only have impact on fruit outlet amount, and bad influence is also caused to environment.
It should be noted that evil mite is the main diseases and insect pests in Orange Producing, throughout the year can occurrence injury, its is straight
Connect the yield for affecting citrus, it is necessary to develop the control of pest mite and minimizing technology of science.
The content of the invention
To solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of prevention and controls of citrus evil mite, bag
Include following steps:1) orchard is cleaned, the mid-March of annual mid or late November to next year, cuts sick branch, deadwood is removed and falls
Leaf, weeds in orchard are eliminated, and sick branch is together brought into outside garden and burnt;2) field is ploughed, makes the larva by a winter
Break in earth's surface, and allow poultry to be pecked at into field;3) strengthen rich water quality management, deep 60-80cm is dug at the low waterline of tree crown, it is wide
50-60cm, long 1-1.2m trench, applied fertilizer 3-4 times every year to mandarin tree;4) using physics except the method preventing and treating evil mite of evil mite;
5) using chemical method preventing and treating evil mite.
Preferably, in step 3), applied fertilizer 3-4 times every year to mandarin tree, wherein, apply dry fruit fertilizer for the first time, in November
Applied fertilizer after the first tenday period of a month or fruit picking, dose accounts for the 40% of annual total fertilization amount.3rd, citrus evil mite according to claim 1
Prevention and controls, it is characterised in that in step 3), applied fertilizer 3-4 times every year to mandarin tree, wherein, be for the second time vernalization fertilizer,
Applied in 1 to 2 week before spring weather turns warm citrus rudiment, applying quantity of chemical fertilizer is the 30% of annual total fertilization amount.
Preferably, in step 3), applied fertilizer 3-4 times every year to mandarin tree, wherein, be fruit-promoting fertilizer for the third time, late June or
Person's early July, top dressing processing is carried out, dose is the 15% of annual total fertilization amount.5th, mandarin orange according to claim 1
The prevention and controls of tangerine evil mite, it is characterised in that step 4) is using physics except the concrete operations bag of the method preventing and treating evil mite of evil mite
Include:On mandarin tree ridge side, or orchard periphery planting plants, Cover with weed rate is kept, citrus orchard can be made to create suitable ecology
Environment, foodstuff is supplemented for natural enemy, is advantageous to the breeding of inhabiting of evil mite natural enemy, mitigate evil mite harm.
Preferably, step 4) uses physics to include except the concrete operations of the method preventing and treating evil mite of evil mite:Pass through per hectare fruit
Garden hangs 300 to 450 trapping lamps, carrys out trapping pests, controls and turned on light at the beginning of 4 months, bottom is turned off the light within 10 months.
Preferably, step 4) uses physics to include except the concrete operations of the method preventing and treating evil mite of evil mite:In orchard, per public
Just 225 to 300 adhesive boards are hung, the extension at the beginning of 3 months, yellow plate is highly located above tree crown, after viscosity is lost, then changes one newly
Plate.
Preferably, step 5) is included using the concrete operations of chemical method preventing and treating evil mite:It will first be washed with 1~2 kilogram of clear water
0.5 kilogram of clothing powder is dissolved into scattered paste shape, adds 0.1~0.15 kilogram of machine oil either diesel oil or gutter oil, is placed after mixing thoroughly
It is prepared within 20~30 minutes except evil mite liquid medicine, dilutes 500~1000 times during use.
Preferably, it is described to remove evil mite liquid medicine under the low weather of day the moon temperature in use, concentration reaches 50-80%.
Preferably, it is described lower in use, concentration reaches 25%-45% under the high weather of fine day temperature except evil mite liquid medicine.
Beneficial effect:
A kind of prevention and controls of citrus evil mite provided by the invention, not only can effectively prevent and treat citrus evil mite, and it prevents and treats effect
Fruit is preferable, and reduces harmful residues of pesticides, and reduces the pollution to environment that the harmful agricultural chemicals of large area sprinkling is brought.
Embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below.
The evil mite occurred on Orange Producing, tree body and fruit can often be damaged, decline tree vigo(u)r, fruit quality drop
It is low, and because mite pest body is small, it is difficult to find, once causing disaster, loss is difficult to retrieve.Common several evil mites
It is described below:
First, citrus red mite
Typically there are two occurrence in peak period, i.e. spring and autumn, summer high temperature has inhibitory action to it.According to for many years
Observation, main harm Citrus leaf, it is killed leaf chlorosis and canescence fleck is presented, it is matt, cause a large amount of fallen leaves, weaken
Tree vigo(u)r, ability of yielding positive results is reduced, is most important mite pest on Orange Producing.Red spider 12 DEG C of temperature between annual March
More than, insect population starts to increase, and during 16~19 DEG C of temperature, worm amount surges, it is possible to causes to seriously endanger.
2nd, citrus blister mite
Be commonly called as rust mite, rust red spider, generally occur in citrus producing region, blister mite with adult and nymph be clustered in blade and
On spray, it is clustered on fruit and endangers.Caused after blade is killed it is a large amount of it is withered and yellow come off, lose manufacture nutrient function, influence citrus
Yield and quality, killed fruit surface is coarse, tarnishes, crossfades into brown, turns into " numb orange ", fruit is small sour, and quality is low
It is bad.In generation more than 20, occurs for blister mite 1 year, and the spring tip starts to endanger when sprouting, and 5-September endangers fruit, under 7-September hot conditions
Endanger most serious.Blister mite happiness covers, general first to be endangered in tree crown bottom and inside, gradually creeps up expansion later
Dissipate, propagated by means of wind-force, nursery stock, insect and apparatus etc..
3rd, citrus yellow spider
Main harm citrus tender tip, make occur protuberance macula lutea on blade, the curling of tender leaf deformity, a large amount of blades take off when serious
Fall, influence tree vigo(u)r, reduce yield.
4th, citrus knurl tick
The main harm spring tip, worm-nest is formed, stagnate blade pumping, survived the winter with adult in insect gall, remaining time each worm
State is in goitre and deposits, and during spring rudiment, adult main harm tender shoots, forms pepper shape insect gall, Ju Qinei breeding harm of diving,
The organ such as leaf, flower, carpopodium, sepal is also endangered when serious, and fruit becomes deformity.
The evil mite of all of above species, there is its common feature, i.e., seasonal feature, in general, winter are that citrus enters
The main period of the row prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, the ecological environmental condition in winter are unfavorable for the existence of evil mite, and the full resistance to the action of a drug of evil is very poor,
Comparatively concentration is compared in the distribution of evil mite, be easy to prevent and treat.Winter citrus enters rest period, and the resistance to the action of a drug of citrus is most strong, best
Preventing and treating.
The invention provides a kind of prevention and controls of citrus evil mite, comprise the following steps:1) cleaning orchard, annual 11
The mid-March of month the middle ten days and the last ten days to next year, sick branch is cut, remove dry branches and fallen leaves, eliminate weeds in orchard, and by sick branch one
Burnt with bringing into outside garden;2) field is ploughed, the larva by a winter is broken in earth's surface, and allow poultry to peck into field
Food;3) strengthen rich water quality management, deep 60-80cm, wide 50-60cm, long 1-1.2m trench, to citrus are dug at the low waterline of tree crown
Tree annual fertilising 3-4 times;4) using physics except the method preventing and treating evil mite of evil mite;5) using chemical method preventing and treating evil mite.
Further, winter is the main period that citrus carries out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, and the ecological environmental condition in winter is unfavorable for
The existence of evil mite, the resistance to the action of a drug of evil mite is very poor, and comparatively concentration is compared in the distribution of evil mite, be easy to prevent and treat.Winter citrus enters
Rest period, the resistance to the action of a drug of citrus is most strong, preferably prevents and treats.
Further, the step of cleaning orchard mainly includes:In 3 middle of the month of annual mid or late November to next year, cut
Sick branch, dry branches and fallen leaves is removed, eliminates weeds in orchard, and sick branch is together brought into outside garden and burnt.
Further, the step of ploughing field mainly includes:Now, the pupa of citrus fruit fly, the larva of chafer, all
Survived the winter in soil, plough field, it is broken in earth's surface, and allow poultry to be pecked at into field, you can eliminate these pupas and larva
(probability for reducing evil mite residual), preferable feed and grain ration can be provided to poultry again, killed two birds with one stone.
Further, the step of strengthening rich water quality management mainly includes:Strengthen rich water quality management, insect resistance capacity is improved, in tree crown
The deep 60-80cm of digging, wide 50-60cm, long 1-1.2m trench, mandarin tree will apply fertilizer 3-4 times every year at low waterline.Apply for the first time
Add dry fruit fertile, applied fertilizer after the first tenday period of a month in November or fruit picking, dose accounts for 40% or so of annual total fertilization amount, applies for the first time
The main purpose of fertilizer is to improve the soil of citrus, promotes the renewal of root system and the growth of early spring new root, improves the cold-resistant of mandarin tree
Power.
It is that vernalization is fertile for the second time, was applied in 1 to 2 week before spring weather turns warm citrus rudiment, promote the spring tip to take out hair neatly,
Robust growth, delay old leaf come off, and improve fruit-setting rate.Applying quantity of chemical fertilizer is 30% or so of annual total fertilization amount.
Third time is fruit-promoting fertilizer, late June or early July, and this period is that fruit continues to expand, what autumn growth enriched
In period, top dressing processing is carried out, dose is 15% or so of annual total fertilization amount.
It is to adopt preceding fertilizer, that is, is applied fertilizer before fruit picking for 4th time, the time in 7-8 months, mainly reduces fallen leaves, accelerates it
Recover, promote bud differentiation, dose is 15% or so of annual total fertilization amount.
Summer and autumn, weather arid, timely drought resisting, is sprayed water by liquid level, is cooled, improves humidity.
Further, 4-5 months, on mandarin tree ridge side, or orchard periphery planting plants, speedwell is preferably planted, protected
Cover with weed rate is held, suitable ecological environment can be created in citrus orchard, foodstuff is supplemented for natural enemy, is advantageous to dwelling for evil mite natural enemy
Breath breeding, mitigate evil mite harm.
Further, 300 to 450 trapping lamps can also be hung by per hectare orchard, carrys out trapping pests, control in April
Just turn on light, turn off the light by the end of October.
Further, 225 to 300 yellow plates (adhesive boards) are hung in orchard, per hectare, extension, yellow plate are highly set at the beginning of 3 months
Above tree crown, after viscosity is lost, then a new plate is changed.
Evil mite has many natural enemies, such as ladybug, Chrysopa, Predatory Mites etc., and Predatory Mites have the energy of very strong predation prey
Power, killing 6-10 citruses mite daily in citrus orchard, (Predatory Mites are carnivores, and plant is lost interest in, therefore will not be damaged
Citrus).
Further, it is necessary to discharge Predatory Mites in season in spring and autumn, before release Predatory Mites 20 days, to check on citrus
The quantity of evil mite.The mandarin tree of all directions five positionses is taken to be investigated, every mandarin tree investigates 20 leaves, so as to
Every 100 leaves how many evil mites calculated.If it find that per leaf evil mite more than two, can spray 20% AVM hereinafter
2000 times of liquid of rhzomorph, plant, blade face to citrus are uniformly sprayed.
It should be noted that if the evil mite quantity in orchard is too big, Predatory Mites are eaten to come over, and that evil mite still will not
It is brought under control quickly.Therefore, the quantity of evil mite can be controlled first using the method for spray biological pesticide, then using predation
Mite, then the effect of deinsectization will be more preferable.Biological pesticide is general only to have effect to pest and disease damage, and safer for people and animals, and
Easily decomposed by daylight, plant or various edaphons, it is smaller to eco-environmental impact.Apply biological pesticide 7-15 days it
Afterwards, if the quantity of mite ovum is less than every 2, leaf, when temperature reaches 20 degrees centigrade, it is possible to discharge Predatory Mites.
Orchard worker will discharge as early as possible after buying back Predatory Mites, and the time shelved does not exceed 15d, one bag of each tree, release predation
During mite, the opening of one side 2cm of packaging bag or so length is cut off with scissors, is fixed on not by the trunk of direct sunlight with drawing pin
At middle bottom branch, sack and bottom is fully contacted with branch, and pay attention to preventing that rainwater, snail, ant and bird etc. are dynamic
The infringement of thing.Discharging Predatory Mites will be in fine day afternoon 16:Discharge after 00, the cloudy day can whole day discharged.
It not carried out when rainfall it should be noted that rainy day or weather forecast have in 5 days.
It is the biological prevention of using predatory mite to control pest mites with predation acarid control evil mite, had both can ensure that the quality of mandarin tree, and can subtract again
Few residues of pesticides, it is ensured that fruit quality safety.
Further, before Predatory Mites are discharged in ten days, it is impossible to chemical pesticide is being sprayed, in order to avoid influence the work of Predatory Mites
Power.The use of agricultural chemicals is limited after release Predatory Mites, it is impossible to use chemical insecticide.
Further, also washing powder can be used to add machine oil to prevent and treat, that is, the mode for making chemical agent by oneself is prevented and treated.
Specifically, washing powder is first dissolved into scattered paste shape for 0.5 kilogram with 1~2 kilogram of clear water, adds 0.1~0.15
Kilogram machine oil either diesel oil or gutter oil, are placed 20~30 minutes after mixing thoroughly.500~1000 times are diluted during use, day the moon gas
When temperature is low concentration can high (concentration reaches 50-80%), can suitably lower (concentration reaches 25%-45%) when fine day temperature is high.
Sprayed using special pesticide sprayer or spraying machine, because there are oil components in mixture, therefore, it easily adheres to
On citrus blade face, rather than drop in soil (as long as spray is uniform during spray, spray is thoughtful, tree crown is inside and outside, on fruit, blade
Positive and negative is all easily directed onto, because oiliness medicine has suspension, it is positive and negative to be liable to stick to Citrus leaf unlike atomized medicine
Face), make its lasting medicine, and 24~48 hours after spraying, citrus red mite into mite and the young mite death rate 95% or so, without appointing
What side effect, and substantially reduce residues of pesticides and (shine upon rear oily matter easily under light, heat and bacterial action, be decomposed into
Glycerine and aliphatic acid, toxic side effect substantially reduce).
Beneficial effect:
A kind of prevention and controls of citrus evil mite provided by the invention, not only can effectively prevent and treat citrus evil mite, and it prevents and treats effect
Fruit is preferable, and reduces harmful residues of pesticides, and reduces the pollution to environment that the harmful agricultural chemicals of large area sprinkling is brought.
Finally it should be noted that:The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, are not limited to this hair
It is bright, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, its according to
The technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments can so be modified, or which part technical characteristic is equal
Replace.Within the spirit and principles of the invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., it should be included in this
Within the protection domain of invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of prevention and controls of citrus evil mite, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:1) orchard is cleaned, in annual 11 months
The mid-March of the last ten-days period to next year, sick branch is cut, remove dry branches and fallen leaves, eliminate weeds in orchard, and sick branch is together brought into
Burnt outside garden;2) field is ploughed, the larva by a winter is broken in earth's surface, and allow poultry to be pecked at into field;3) add
Strong rich water quality management, deep 60-80cm is dug at the low waterline of tree crown, wide 50-60cm, long 1-1.2m trench, is applied every year to mandarin tree
It is fertile 3-4 times;4) using physics except the method preventing and treating evil mite of evil mite;5) using chemical method preventing and treating evil mite.
2. the prevention and controls of citrus evil mite according to claim 1, it is characterised in that annual to mandarin tree in step 3)
Fertilising 3-4 times, wherein, apply dry fruit fertilizer for the first time, applied fertilizer after the first tenday period of a month in November or fruit picking, it is total that dose accounts for annual fertilising
The 40% of amount.
3. the prevention and controls of citrus evil mite according to claim 1, it is characterised in that annual to mandarin tree in step 3)
Fertilising 3-4 times, wherein, it is vernalization fertilizer for the second time, was applied in 1 to 2 week before spring weather turns warm citrus rudiment, applying quantity of chemical fertilizer is
The 30% of annual total fertilization amount.
4. the prevention and controls of citrus evil mite according to claim 1, it is characterised in that annual to mandarin tree in step 3)
Fertilising 3-4 times, wherein, it is fruit-promoting fertilizer, late June or early July for the third time, carries out top dressing processing, dose is annual
The 15% of total fertilization amount.
5. the prevention and controls of citrus evil mite according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 4) is using physics except evil mite
The concrete operations of method preventing and treating evil mite include:On mandarin tree ridge side, or orchard periphery planting plants, Cover with weed rate is kept,
Citrus orchard can be made to create suitable ecological environment, foodstuff is supplemented for natural enemy, be advantageous to the breeding of inhabiting of evil mite natural enemy, mitigate evil mite
Harm.
6. the prevention and controls of citrus evil mite according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 4) is using physics except evil mite
The concrete operations of method preventing and treating evil mite include:300 to 450 trapping lamps are hung by per hectare orchard, carrys out trapping pests, controls
Turn on light at the beginning of 4 months, turn off the light by the end of October.
7. the prevention and controls of citrus evil mite according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 4) is using physics except evil mite
The concrete operations of method preventing and treating evil mite include:In orchard, per hectare hangs 225 to 300 adhesive boards, the extension at the beginning of 3 months, yellow plate height
It is located above tree crown, after viscosity is lost, then changes a new plate.
8. the prevention and controls of citrus evil mite according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 5) is prevented and treated using chemical method
The concrete operations of evil mite include:Washing powder is first dissolved into scattered paste shape for 0.5 kilogram with 1~2 kilogram of clear water, add 0.1~
0.15 kilogram of machine oil either diesel oil or gutter oil, place and be prepared within 20~30 minutes except evil mite liquid medicine after mixing thoroughly, it is dilute during use
Release 500~1000 times.
9. the prevention and controls of citrus evil mite according to claim 8, it is characterised in that described except evil mite liquid medicine is in day the moon gas
In use, concentration reaches 50-80% under the low weather of temperature.
10. the prevention and controls of citrus evil mite according to claim 8, it is characterised in that described except evil mite liquid medicine is in fine day
The high weather of temperature is lower in use, concentration reaches 25%-45%..
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CN108541716A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-09-18 | 菏泽学院 | A kind of aqueous emulsion of lubricating oil for preventing coccid |
CN110150009A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-23 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | A kind of method that Synthetical prevention irrigates mandarin orange orchard citrus fruit fly and wood louse |
CN115563875A (en) * | 2022-10-19 | 2023-01-03 | 北京爱科农科技有限公司 | Method for dynamically predicting population quantity of citrus red spiders |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108541716A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-09-18 | 菏泽学院 | A kind of aqueous emulsion of lubricating oil for preventing coccid |
CN110150009A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-23 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | A kind of method that Synthetical prevention irrigates mandarin orange orchard citrus fruit fly and wood louse |
CN115563875A (en) * | 2022-10-19 | 2023-01-03 | 北京爱科农科技有限公司 | Method for dynamically predicting population quantity of citrus red spiders |
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