CN109673347A - The insect-proof net chamber and its mulching and planting method for preventing and treating oriental fruit months and other pests - Google Patents
The insect-proof net chamber and its mulching and planting method for preventing and treating oriental fruit months and other pests Download PDFInfo
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- CN109673347A CN109673347A CN201910084844.1A CN201910084844A CN109673347A CN 109673347 A CN109673347 A CN 109673347A CN 201910084844 A CN201910084844 A CN 201910084844A CN 109673347 A CN109673347 A CN 109673347A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/10—Devices for affording protection against animals, birds or other pests
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The present invention relates to integrated pest control fields, it is specific that the insect-proof net chamber and its mulching and planting method of prevention and treatment oriental fruit months and other pests are provided, the insect-proof net chamber pushes up the mesh specification of net in 1.0cm × 1.0cm or more, and the mesh specification of purse seine is less than the mesh specification of top net.The present invention also provides using above-mentioned solarium cultural method, include the following steps: 1) according to oriental fruit months and other pest body sizes select mesh specification be the purse seine of 0.3cm × 0.3cm, mesh specification be 1.0cm × 1.0cm and or 2.0cm × 2.0cm top net to theatre use the whole network closing mulching plant；2) winter rolls the ventilation of solarium's purse seine；Early spring, soil treatment pest control and soil-borne disease；Solarium is covered before arriving, chemical pesticide is sprayed at the beginning of covering and forces down insect population in solarium by mid or late April, oriental fruit months winter generation adult peak period；It is few with or without insecticide in the Growth of Pear Trees phase.Insect-proof net chamber and cultural method of the invention makes popularization of the insect-proof net chamber in cultivation of fruit tree have feasibility.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to orchard pest integrated control fields, and in particular to a kind of insect-proof net chamber for preventing and treating fruit tree pest insect, and
Its mulching and planting method.
Background technique
China is world's pears big producer, and area and yield have accounted for 80% left side of world's pear cultivation area and total output
It is right.Oriental fruit months is important moth fruit pest, and distribution is very extensive, it is all have plantation pears, peach etc. area about
Oriental fruit months is reported.Since the adjustment of agricultural structure, cultivation of fruit tree type increase, cultivated area constantly expands
And the variation of the factors such as cultivation step, weather, cause oriental fruit months and cause harm substantially to go up, to pears, peach, apple, Li Dengduo
Kind pomaceous fruit and tone fruit trees production are constituted and are seriously threatened.Pocket culture is relied primarily on its control method and chemistry is anti-
It controls, but pocket culture high labor cost, chemical prevention has the phenomenon that disorderly application, be blindly administered, and a large amount of pesticides do not play
There should be effect to enter environment, not only result in waste of resources, but also ecological environment, non-target organism and agricultural product quality can be pacified
Potentially harmful influence is caused entirely.For a long time, a large amount of uses of pesticide, fruit bag etc., lead to safety and the fruit of fruit quality
Quality is severely impacted, and with the transformation of people's consumption idea, the operatic circle production starts to green, nuisanceless transition.
Currently, in production of fruit trees, have using anti-bird net or anti-hail net and resist bird pest or disaster caused by hail, but because mesh is excessive, it is right
The prevention and treatment of orchard pest does not have any effect.The solarium that resource is saved in production, although insect prevention can be played the role of, mesh mistake
It is small, the weather hazards such as sleet hail are subject to, be collapsed is caused, are only limitted to the protection to valuable source, or carry out correlative study, nothing
Method effectively promotes and applies.In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of purse seine and top net using different mesh specifications, collect anti-bird, hail suppression,
Insect prevention is easy to be produced widely used insect-proof net chamber and culture underglass mode in one.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of insect-proof net chambers for preventing and treating fruit tree pest insect, to enclose as wall
Firmly the purse seine of orchard surrounding and as roof cover the top above orchard net composition.Purse seine is equipped with the vertical of bottom insertion ground
Bar, to support insect-proof net chamber, the mesh specification for pushing up net is 1.0cm × 1.0cm (containing) or more, and the mesh specification of purse seine is less than top
Net mesh specification.
The mesh specification of the purse seine is selected according to the Major Pests size of fruit tree.
Wherein, the fruit tree is any fruit trees such as pear tree, apple tree.When the fruit tree is pear tree, the purse seine is net
Hole specification is the fly net of 0.3cm × 0.3cm, and the top net is the hail suppression of mesh specification 1.0cm × 1.0cm, 2.0 × 2.0cm
Net or anti-bird net, preferably mesh specification are 2.0cm × 2.0cm.
The purse seine is left a door unlocked in side, and the upright bar is hinged with support rod preferably to support purse seine.
The preferably high 5m of the purse seine.
The preferably long 6m of the upright bar, wherein 1m is embedded in underground, ground 5m.
The present invention for bagging prevention and treatment, the methods of chemical prevention oriental fruit months there are the shortcomings that, while providing a kind of anti-
Oriental fruit months and the fly net mulching and planting method of other pear tree pests are controlled, is included the following steps:
1) according to oriental fruit months and other pest body sizes, select mesh specification for the fly net of 0.3cm × 0.3cm
For purse seine, mesh specification be (1.0cm × 1.0cm)-(2.0cm × 2.0cm) (1.0cm × 1.0cm or .0cm × 2.0cm, preferably
2.0cm × 2.0cm) anti-bird net or anti-hail net be top net, to theatre using the whole network close mulching plant；
2) winter, rollable insect-proof net chamber purse seine are aerated；Early spring carries out soil treatment pest control and soil-borne disease
Evil；Insect-proof net chamber covering is finished before arriving, is sprayed at the beginning of covering by mid or late April, oriental fruit months winter generation adult peak period
Chemical pesticide forces down insect population in solarium；It is few with or without insecticide in the Growth of Pear Trees phase.
The insect-proof net chamber mulching and planting method of a kind of prevention and treatment oriental fruit months and other pear tree pests, further includes as follows
Step:
3) oriental fruit months winter generation adult peak period, if finding oriental fruit months and other evils in insect-proof net chamber in monitoring
Worm occurrence quantity is larger, uses chemical prevention as one sees fit, forces down population number.
The chemical prevention can be taken the circumstances into consideration to spray the insecticides such as gamma cyhalothrin.
Wherein, the monitoring, to be sent out for monitoring oriental fruit months in fly net indoor suspension oriental fruit months trapper
Lively state and quantity, in fly net indoor suspension Huang plate, for monitoring the pear tree pest for becoming yellow.
Wherein, other management measures in the theatre are the same as general theatre.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1, the top net of insect-proof net chamber of the present invention can be had while cost is reduced using conventional anti-hail net or anti-bird net
Effect evades disaster caused by hail, bird pest, and is not easy to be collapsed by accumulated snow, heavy rain.Winter does not have to pack up, and reduces the amount of labour and cost of labor, keeps away
The potential human safety issues of manual operation are exempted from.Be conducive to popularization and application of the insect-proof net chamber in planting fruit trees.
2, present invention top net is using conventional anti-hail net or anti-bird net, be it is generally accepted in domestic and international production, to light
Influence according to intensity will not influence production of fruit trees.
3, research work of the invention is based on carrying out under no bag cultivation technical conditions, and conclusion shows: insect-proof net chamber and
Its mulching and planting method can realize the no bag cultivation of pear fruit.While improving fruit quality, the amount of labour and production are reduced
Cost, a large amount of uses for avoiding fruit bag cause ecological pollution.
4, the present invention is carried out based on pear tree late variety, research conclusion be suitable for it is more it is precocious, in the ripe and same period,
Or even all late varieties, suitability is extensive, is also suitable for other tree species.
5, the present invention has carried out a large number of experiments for the common pests of pear tree, and having found out purse seine mesh specification is 0.3cm
× 0.3cm, the insect-proof net chamber that top net mesh specification is 2.0cm × 2.0cm is can to effectively prevent Pear Diseases, while can take into account
The optimum specifications of solarium's service life.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1: the structure chart of insect-proof net chamber in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2: 1 oriental fruit months dynamic folding-line figure of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3: 1 oriental fruit months quantity histogram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4: 2 oriental fruit months borer fruit rate histogram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, 1 is top net, and 2 be purse seine, and 3 be upright bar.
Specific embodiment
The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention..
Influence of the different mesh specification insect-proof net chambers of embodiment 1 to oriental fruit months quantity and population dynamic
1) setting of insect-proof net chamber
(39 ° 41 ' 56.53 " N, 119 ° 05 ' 24.07 " E) is carried out in Hebei Prov. Academy of Agricultural &. Forest Sciences Changli County fruit tree institute base.
Choosing late-maturing Pear varieties Chinese pear (no bag cultivation) is test material, is arranged the insect-proof net chamber of high 5m, width with line-spacing and
It is fixed.Insect-proof net chamber is formed using the top net for surrounding the purse seine of orchard surrounding as wall and covering above orchard as roof, purse seine
It is equipped with the 6m long upright bar on bottom insertion ground, to support insect-proof net chamber.
According to the structure in Fig. 1, it is that 0.3cm × 0.3cm, top 1 mesh specification of net are respectively that 2 hole specification of purse seine, which is arranged,
Insect-proof net chamber each 2 of 3 kinds of 0.3cm × 0.3cm, 1.0cm × 1.0cm, 2.0cm × 2.0cm etc. combinations, each insect-proof net chamber covers
2, lid trees, upright bar 3 are 5m high.
Setting purse seine mesh specification be 0.5cm × 0.5cm, top net mesh specification be respectively 0.5cm × 0.5cm, 1.0cm
Insect-proof net chamber each 2 of 3 kinds of × 1.0cm, 2.0cm × 2.0cm etc. combinations, each insect-proof net chamber cover 2 trees.
Be arranged purse seine mesh specification be 1.0cm × 1.0cm, top net mesh specification be a kind of 1.0cm × 1.0cm etc. combine
Insect-proof net chamber 2, each insect-proof net chamber covers 2 trees.
2) management measure of pear tree
The management of pear tree is identical as other pear tree management measures of theatre in insect-proof net chamber, but without chemical prevention, only 5
At the beginning of beginning of the month insect-proof net chamber is arranged, sprays chemical pesticide and force down insect population in insect-proof net chamber.Chinese pear outside with insect-proof net chamber
The pear tree of kind manages and is consistent in insect-proof net chamber as control.
3) oriental fruit months quantity and population dynamic investigation
In 14 insect-proof net chambers being randomly provided, each indoor 2 pear trees of fly net hang the small food heart of 1 set of pear respectively
Insect trap, 1 yellow plate, row where the outer snowflake Pear varieties of insect-proof net chamber are randomly provided 3 sets of oriental fruit months trappers, 3 Huangs
Plate is as control.It is primary in investigation every 15 days of in October, -2018 of in May, 2018, for monitor oriental fruit months quantity and other
Taxis of yellow pest occurrence quantity, and regularly replace oriental fruit months property lure and yellow plate.Oriental fruit months is statisticallyd analyze at 2018 5
Generation quantity and generation dynamic between -2018 years on the 19th October 12 of the moon.
4) interpretation of result
Concrete outcome is shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3, using the Chinese pear outside insect-proof net chamber as control, according to census the results show that
During in October, -2018 in May, 2018, there is peak period twice in the oriental fruit months in Changli area theatre, respectively in 7 months under
Ten days and mid or late August, each mesh combine in insect-proof net chamber also in compliance with this trend.Total generation quantity of oriental fruit months shows
For the oriental fruit months quantity of the outer control zone of insect-proof net chamber is significantly higher than the oriental fruit months quantity in insect-proof net chamber.Purse seine
Mesh specification is 1.0cm × 1.0cm and purse seine mesh specification is oriental fruit months quantity in the insect-proof net chamber of 0.5cm × 0.5cm
Without significant difference, but it is the anti-of 0.3cm × 0.3cm that both oriental fruit months quantity trapped, which is significantly higher than purse seine mesh specification,
The oriental fruit months quantity trapped in worm solarium.The insect-proof net chamber that purse seine mesh specification is identical, top mesh specification is different without
Notable difference, it may be assumed that purse seine mesh specification be 0.5cm × 0.5cm, top net mesh specification be respectively 0.5cm × 0.5cm, 1.0cm
The oriental fruit months quantity no significant difference trapped in 3 kinds of different size insect-proof net chambers of × 1.0cm, 2.0cm × 2.0cm.
Purse seine mesh specification be 0.3cm × 0.3cm, top net mesh specification be respectively 0.3cm × 0.3cm, 1.0cm × 1.0cm,
Oriental fruit months traps quantity no significant difference in 3 kinds of different size insect-proof net chambers of 2.0cm × 2.0cm.Also from Fig. 2, Fig. 3
Can significantly it find out, purse seine mesh specification is the insect-proof net chamber of 0.3cm × 0.3cm, in the quantity of each period oriental fruit months
It is below the insect-proof net chamber of other specifications, therefore, the insect-proof net chamber that purse seine mesh specification is 0.3cm × 0.3cm is that prevention and treatment pears are small
The optimal selection of heart-eating worm.
Oriental fruit months borer fruit rate is analyzed in 2 insect-proof net chamber of embodiment
(39 ° 41 ' 56.53 " N, 119 ° 05 ' 24.07 " E) is carried out in Hebei Prov. Academy of Agricultural &. Forest Sciences Changli County fruit tree institute base.
Choosing late-maturing Pear varieties Chinese pear (no bag cultivation) is test material, is arranged the insect-proof net chamber of high 5m, width with line-spacing and
It is fixed.Insect-proof net chamber is formed using the top net for surrounding the purse seine of orchard surrounding as wall and covering above orchard as roof, purse seine
It is equipped with the 6m long upright bar on bottom insertion ground, to support insect-proof net chamber.
Setting purse seine hole specification be 0.3cm × 0.3cm, top net mesh specification be respectively 0.3cm × 0.3cm, 1.0cm ×
Insect-proof net chamber each 2 of 3 kinds of 1.0cm, 2.0cm × 2.0cm etc. combinations, each insect-proof net chamber cover 2 trees.
Setting purse seine mesh specification be 0.5cm × 0.5cm, top net mesh specification be respectively 0.5cm × 0.5cm, 1.0cm
Insect-proof net chamber each 2 of 3 kinds of × 1.0cm, 2.0cm × 2.0cm etc. combinations, each insect-proof net chamber cover 2 trees.
Be arranged purse seine mesh specification be 1.0cm × 1.0cm, top net mesh specification be a kind of 1.0cm × 1.0cm etc. combine
Insect-proof net chamber 2, each insect-proof net chamber covers 2 trees.
2) management measure of pear tree
The management of pear tree is identical as other pear tree management measures of theatre in insect-proof net chamber, but without chemical prevention, only 5
At the beginning of beginning of the month insect-proof net chamber is arranged, sprays chemical pesticide and force down insect population in insect-proof net chamber.Chinese pear outside with insect-proof net chamber
The pear tree of kind manages and is consistent in insect-proof net chamber as control.
3) oriental fruit months borer fruit rate is investigated
Using outside insect-proof net chamber snowflake Pear varieties as control.In 14 insect-proof net chambers being randomly provided, each fly net
Interior is divided into 3 layers of upper, middle and lower according to tree body height, and every layer randomly selects 50 the operatic circles, wormed fruit number is counted, in August 6 in 2018
The borer fruit rate of 3 oriental fruit months is investigated between on September 4th, 1 day.
4) interpretation of result
As a result see Fig. 4, investigated in various combination insect-proof net chamber respectively on August 6, August 19 days, September 4th 2018
Borer fruit rate, as the mature borer fruit rate of fruit is continuously increased, borer fruit rate peaks shortly before plucking fruit at September 4th.Wherein purse seine net
Hole specification 1.0cm × 1.0cm, push up net mesh specification 1.0cm × 1.0cm insect-proof net chamber borer fruit rate and compare borer fruit rate without significant
Difference reaches 70% or so, and the operatic circle is caused harm seriously.Purse seine mesh specification is 0.5cm × 0.5cm, top net mesh specification point
Not Wei 2.0cm × 2.0cm, 1.0cm × 1.0cm, 3 kinds of 0.5cm × 0.5cm combinations, borer fruit rate successively reduces in insect-proof net chamber,
But there was no significant difference.Purse seine mesh specification be 0.3cm × 0.3cm, top net mesh specification be respectively 2.0cm × 2.0cm,
3 kinds of combinations of 1.0cm × 1.0cm, 0.3cm × 0.3cm, the indoor borer fruit rate of fly net successively reduces, but otherness is not significant.
The indoor borer fruit rate of fly net that purse seine mesh specification is 1.0cm × 1.0cm and purse seine mesh specification is 0.5cm × 0.5cm without
Significant difference, but the borer fruit rate of both is significantly higher than the moth fruit in the fly net that purse seine mesh specification is 0.3cm × 0.3cm
Rate, minimum borer fruit rate is 20% or so in fly net.Different size fly net price comparison's table is shown in Table 1.In terms of borer fruit rate
From the point of view of, in conjunction with economic, practical situation, purse seine mesh specification is 0.3cm × 0.3cm, top net mesh specification is 2.0cm × 2.0cm
Insect-proof net chamber be optimum combination.
1 different size fly net price comparison's table of table
| Specification (mesh aperture) | Monovalent (Yuan/㎡) |
| 0.3cm×0.3cm | 2 |
| 0.5cm×0.5cm | 1.6 |
| 1.0cm×1.0cm | 0.9 |
| 2.0cm×2.0cm | 0.4 |
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, without departing from the technical principles of the invention, several improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications
Also it should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of insect-proof net chamber, to surround the purse seine of orchard surrounding as wall and cover the top net group above orchard as roof
At purse seine is equipped with the upright bar on bottom insertion ground, to support insect-proof net chamber, which is characterized in that the mesh specification for pushing up net exists
1.0cm × 1.0cm or more, the mesh aperture specification of purse seine are less than the mesh specification of top net.
2. insect-proof net chamber according to claim 1, which is characterized in that when the fruit tree is pear tree, the purse seine is net
Hole specification 0.3cm × 0.3cm, the top net be mesh specification be 1.0cm × 1.0cm, 2.0cm × 2.0cm.
3. insect-proof net chamber according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the top net mesh specification is 2.0cm × 2.0cm.
4. insect-proof net chamber according to claim 1-3, which is characterized in that the purse seine is left a door unlocked in side, described
Upright bar is hinged with support rod to support purse seine.
5. insect-proof net chamber according to claim 1-3, which is characterized in that the high 5m of purse seine, the upright bar are long
6m, wherein underground 1m, ground 5m.
6. covering and planting using the prevention and treatment oriental fruit months of 1-5 insect-proof net chamber described in claim and the fly net of other pear tree pests
Culture method, which comprises the steps of:
1) according to oriental fruit months and other pest body sizes, selecting mesh specification for the fly net of 0.3cm × 0.3cm is to enclose
Net, the anti-bird net that mesh specification is (1.0cm × 1.0cm)-(2.0cm × 2.0cm) or anti-hail net are top net, to theatre using complete
Net closing mulching plant；
2) winter rolls insect-proof net chamber purse seine and is aerated；Early spring carries out soil treatment pest control and soil-borne disease；In 4 months
The last ten-days period, oriental fruit months winter generation adult peak period finish insect-proof net chamber covering before arriving, and insect-proof net chamber sprays at the beginning of covering
Chemical pesticide forces down insect population in solarium；It is few with or without insecticide in the Growth of Pear Trees phase.
7. the insect-proof net chamber mulching and planting method of prevention and treatment oriental fruit months according to claim 5 and other pear tree pests,
It is characterized in that, top net mesh specification is 2.0cm × 2.0cm.
8. the insect-proof net chamber culture underglass side of prevention and treatment oriental fruit months according to claim 6 or 7 and other pear tree pests
Method, which is characterized in that further include following steps:
3) oriental fruit months winter generation adult peak period, if finding oriental fruit months and other pests hair in insect-proof net chamber in monitoring
Raw amount is larger, uses chemical prevention as one sees fit, forces down population number.
9. the insect-proof net chamber mulching and planting method of prevention and treatment oriental fruit months according to claim 8 and other pear tree pests,
It is characterized in that, the monitoring, is in fly net indoor suspension oriental fruit months trapper, for monitoring oriental fruit months
Dynamic and quantity, in fly net indoor suspension Huang plate, for monitoring the pear tree pest for becoming yellow.
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