CN103548798A - Method and device for microbial pest control based on light luring - Google Patents
Method and device for microbial pest control based on light luring Download PDFInfo
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- CN103548798A CN103548798A CN201310522319.6A CN201310522319A CN103548798A CN 103548798 A CN103548798 A CN 103548798A CN 201310522319 A CN201310522319 A CN 201310522319A CN 103548798 A CN103548798 A CN 103548798A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for microbial pest control based on light luring. The method for microbial pest control based on light luring includes the steps: luring and gathering target pests by a light source or frequency spectrum waves; applying entomopathogenic microorganisms with selective toxicity to the target pests at fixed points; enabling the target pests to carry the entomopathogenic microorganisms. The device for microbial pest control comprises a solar panel, an automatic powder sprayer, a trap lamp tube, a storage battery and a support, wherein the solar panel is fixed to the top end of the support, the automatic powder sprayer is suspended at the top end of the support, and the trap lamp tube is mounted at the center under the automatic powder sprayer. Powder spraying aerosol is mounted in the automatic powder sprayer and contains propellants and particle powder containing microbial pesticides. Light luring and microbial control are cooperatively applied, control area is enlarged by the aid of migratory flight of the pests, and influence on beneficial insects is reduced as the entomopathogenic microorganisms with the selective toxicity are applied according to the target pests.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of pest control, be specifically related to method and the device of a kind of microbial control insect based on light trapping.
Background technology
Light insecticidal technology is exactly to utilize the phototaxis of insect to lure collection kill pests, thus the technology of control agriculture and forestry injurious insect and sanitary insect pest.Different types of insect is different to the susceptibility of different-waveband spectrum, and the invisible long wave ultraviolet light of wavelength 320～400nm mankind has the stronger collection power that lures to hundreds of insects.Conventionally wavelength 320～680nm, the light source that spectral range covers long wave ultraviolet light and visible ray is called wide range insect attraction light source.The effective range of lamplight insect lure is exactly to take insect can see that the distance of insect attraction light source is the formed border circular areas of radius, and the effective range of lamplight insect lure is also relevant with power with the kind of insect attraction light source.The about 50m of general trapping lamp Control Radius left and right, effectively prevents and treats the about 20 mu of left and right of area.
Target flying pest can only be lured, be assembled to light trap, also needs supporting insect-killing device just to have insecticidal action.Disinsection method general and that light trap is supporting has electric shock type, the excessive formula of water, suction-type, the sticky physical control technology such as formula of catching.Light insecticidal technology is that the most general physical control technology is used in agriculture and forestry injurious insect control, can reduce farm chemical release amount, little to environmental influence.
Insect pathogenic microorganisms also claims insecticidal microorganism, to cause that host insect is cured the disease and death, or its metabolite is the microorganism of kill insects directly, comprise Insect Pathogenic bacterium, entomogenous fungi, insect viruses, entomopathogenic nematode etc., also comprise the actinomycetes that can produce antiinsect antibiotic.Entomopathogen is applied to plant protection, herding and health aspect, has progressively formed a kind of new biological control method, i.e. microbial control, and corresponding biopesticide is called microorganism insecticide.
Entomogenous fungi (entomopathogenic fungus) is grown in host insect surface, can, in insect body surface intrusive body, have the effect of tagging.Applying more fungus insecticide has mould, the red seat of white muscardine fungi, green muscardine fungus, mould, Paecilomyces varioti, Cai Shi moth mould etc.Fungus insecticide is compared with other microorganism insecticide, has wider host range, and applicability is stronger, take action of contace poison as main, by infecting cuticula, carrys out infection host insect.
From virus separated in insect bodies, be divided into two classes, a class can and cause insect morbidity in insect bodies internal breeding, is referred to as Insect Pathogenic virus, and a viroids is to using insect to infect other animal or plants as medium, is referred to as arboviruse (arbovirus).As the biological control factor be Insect Pathogenic virus, insect viruses (insect viruses) are called in letter conventionally, this viroids has selectivity, host is only limited to insect, and does not infect the vertebrate that comprises people.Insect viruses can, at insect population, particularly cause the epidemic disease of insect in highdensity insect population.Host insect is by taking food the insect viruses of being infected with in environment or infecting with ill insect close contact, and the insect viruses that host insect infects can pass through horizontal transmission between individuality, also can be through ovum vertical transmission.Once after host insect population outburst epizootiology, whole population can be withered away.Although some insect viruses can not cause the obvious disease of host insect, can, by making insect population affect the health of insect population in a kind of pressure state, reduce its harmfulness and make its density remain on for a long time reduced levels.
Entomogenous fungi, insect viruses can be wetting powder, pulvis, bait formulation, finish etc. as the insecticide formulation of active ingredient, the same chemical insecticide of method of application.
Utilize the phototaxis of insect, application light trap pest are important physical control measures, are also the important component parts of integrated control.Both at home and abroad since the sixties in 20th century just in cotton field or other crop Tanaka with light prediction, prevent and treat various pests.Light trap is also that monitoring insect migrates, the important tool of diffusion, emergence period and generating capacity, is one of effective measures of integrated pest management.
Conventional insect attraction light source has electric light, gas lamp or oil lamp, and also there is direct combustion fire in indivedual mountain areas as insect attraction light source.Since 20 century 70s, the novel light trap such as black light lamp is widely used in prediction and the control of insect.In recent years, application along with new technologies such as electronic technology, heliotechnics, promoted the development in pluralism that light trap lures worm function, occurred as the light trap of the novel energy-saving high-efficiencies such as LED light trap, solar energy insect-trapping lamp, and be widely used in the every field such as agricultural, forestry, aquaculture.
Black light lamp is domestic and international first a kind of light trap of extensive use in agricultural, to belong to special gas discharge lamp, black light lamp is comprised of high-voltage fence insect killer and black light lamp two parts, utilize light insect to be lured in the effective electric field of high-voltage fence, when insect touches electrical network, instantaneous generation high-voltage arc, shoots insect dead.Because this lamp be take emitting ultraviolet light and purple light as main, this is the insensitive light of the mankind, so this lamp is called to black light lamp.Frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp utilize insect stronger the light that becomes, the characteristic of ripple, light wave is located in specific scope, closely use up, remote with ripple, lamp is equipped with frequency vibration high-voltage fence outward tags, and insect is pocketed, reach and reduce the field ovum amount that falls, force down insect population radix and play pest control effect.Solar energy photo-induction insect killer adopts non-maintaining independently solar electric power supply system to provide independent current source for it, inconvenience and the harm of disorderly drawing alternating current wires to bring have been avoided in field, can regulate easily and control spectrum and the light intensity of light source simultaneously, according to the phototactic characteristics of different insects, intelligent controller provides targetedly the light source of different wave length and light intensity and effectively kills insect, overcome traditional single defect of photo-induction insect killer performance, improved the efficiency of deinsectization.New double wave lamp insect attraction light source has the feature of shortwave black light lamp and long wave incandescent lamp, it is the light trap that can simultaneously send long and short two row light wave, it has overcome the deficiency of single short light wave black light lamp and long light wave incandescent lamp, when double wave lamp is luminous, long light wave first by luring insect at a distance to low beam district.Due to Compound Eye of Insects to ultraviolet tolerance poor generation dazzle the eyes and flutter lamp.Double wave lamp lures worm amount high, and killed natural enemies is few, and field insect pest situation reflection ratio is high.New type light source LED, with its intrinsic characteristic, because it is photochromic pure, can be used different spectrum for different insects, makes our lock onto target insect exactly, and kill pests, protects beneficial insects to greatest extent.Meanwhile, because it has high brightness, the feature of Far Range and low-power consumption, can, under energy-conservation prerequisite, trap wider insect.
Entomogenous fungi uniqueness through skin mechanism of intrusion, make it there is the effect of tagging, since Russian М e ч н и к o в in 1879 is first since the Austrian chafer of the anti-system of amount reproduction green muscardine fungus (Anisop liaaustriaca) and beet weevil (Cleonus punativ entris), the green muscardine fungus of take is that main entomogenous fungi just becomes one of important means of the anti-insect processed of microorganism.51 of the fungus insecticides of the registered registration in the whole world, wherein green muscardine fungus is 17, and formulation has pulvis, wetting powder, emulsion, finish, dry mycelia, microcapsules etc.Metarrhizium anisopliae preparation is from production test to commercialization, what the most successfully surely belong to Britain's locust biological control international cooperative project group (CABI Bioscience) development kills locust Metarhizium Biological Pesticide, in Africa registration, operation, large area is for the anti-system of desert locusts (Schistocerca gregaria); After this product dispenser 10～15d, preventive effect reaches more than 90%, becomes effective locust biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion means.Australian locusts biological control research project (CSIRO) has been developed and has been killed locust Metarhizium Biological Pesticide, and for the anti-system of large area grassland grasshopper, to nontarget organism safety such as Natural Enemies of Grasshoppers.U.S. EcoScience green muscardine fungus product (Bio-Path, Bio-Blast) is for anti-cockroach processed, termite; Anti-sugarcane froghopper processed of green muscardine fungus product (Metaquino, Cobican) of Brazil and Venezuela etc.Brazil, Australia, Mexico, the states such as Japan all have green muscardine fungus commodity preparation to produce and by large scale application, are mainly Metarhizium anisopliaes, are widely used in crops, forest, the anti-system of the insects such as health, to cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera), peach fruit borer (Carosin aniponensis), corn borer (Ostrinia lurnacalis), sugarcane grass bar snout moth's larva (Diatraea saccharalis), sweet potato China chrysomelid (Colasposoma metallicum), prodenia litura (Prodenia litura), firm bamboo poison moth (Pantana phyllostachysae), Pseudophacopteron Canarium (Pseudophacopteron canarium), Monochamus alternatus Hope (Monochamus alternatus), paranthrene tabaniformis (Paranthrene tabaniformis), dendrolimus punctatus (Endrolimus punctatus), Groton bug (Blattella germanica), the insects such as Odontotermes formosanus (Odontotermes formosanus) all have obvious control effect.China has researched and developed respectively finish, pulvis, wetting powder and leafing agent for locust, Brontispa longissima (Brontispa longissima), rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus).Utilize the anti-Brontispa longissima processed of green muscardine fungus, the individual plant of pulvis is used spore count to reach 109 orders of magnitude, after using 15d, preventive effect surpasses 80%, and wetting powder lethality rate to insect after using 7d reaches 84%, becomes China and controls one of major technique of Alien Invasive Species Brontispa longissima.
EPA in 1975 has ratified the baculovirus insecticides that first case can be used for preventing and treating cotton-plant pest-insects and has registered, and at present in Brazil, has every year 1000000 hectares of above soils to utilize baculoviral control Soybean Pests; In Europe, another kind of baculoviral is used to prevent and treat the insect on fruit tree.In the South Pacific Ocean, a kind of naked virus (Nudivirus) is widely used in controlling the rhinoceros cockchafer (Rhinoceros beelte) on cocoanut tree.China's cut-off has had 11 kinds of viral insecticides to obtain registration in September, 2013, for the biological control of agricultural, grassland and sanitary insect pest.
Existing light insecticidal technology because of light radiation length short; prevention and treatment range is limited, and cannot distinguish insect, beneficial insect, and insect, beneficial insect are killed simultaneously; thereby use cost is high, it is large that control area insect society is affected, single light insecticidal technology is difficult to scale application.Microbial control technology can be used on a large scale, but application technique is very high to pest forecast specification requirement especially.Discharge too early microorganism insecticide, because target host number of pest is few, insect pathogenic microorganisms is difficult to by host population increment, diffusion, and the microbial control factor lost efficacy and degrades at natural world very soon.Miss and use the microorganism insecticide best opportunity, insect density is too high, and host insect microbial infection is prevented and treated the factor, Mortality needs one week left and right time, target insect harm is difficult to quick prevention, loss constantly raises, and control efficiency is low, does not reach the object of biological control.
Summary of the invention
Primary and foremost purpose of the present invention is that the shortcoming that overcomes prior art, with not enough, provides a kind of method of microbial control insect based on light trapping.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of microbial control insect based on light trapping device.
Object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of method of microbial control insect based on light trapping, comprise the steps: to lure gathering target pest by light source or frequency spectrum wave, to target pest, spot application has the insect pathogenic microorganisms of selecting virulence, causes target pest vector insects pathogenic microorganisms.Described insect pathogenic microorganisms is preferably entomogenous fungi, insect viruses etc.
This method is applied insect sensitivity, is lured light source or the frequency spectrum wave that collection power is strong to lure gathering target pest, then fixed point is implemented microbial control, abbreviation " attraction-infection-release " technology (pull-infect-release technology, PIR).The insect attraction light source of the special spectrum scope of PIR release insect sensitivity, agriculture and forestry injurious insect, sanitary insect pest are attracted around PIR device, by infrared rays, trigger or timing spray pattern, to light trap, assemble the target pest body surface circling in the air around and spray the particulate dry powder that contains the insect pathogenic microorganismss such as entomogenous fungi, insect viruses.Target pest vector insects pathogenic microorganisms also returns to the population at its place, immediately infection morbidity.Because pest population density is high, between individuality because perching, take food, the behavior close contact such as mating, in the insect pathogenic microorganisms short time of infecting, in target pest population, cause epizootics and cause individual harm ability decline population density to decline, pest population is controlled to the degree of not enough harm.By discharging, there is the insect pathogenic microorganisms of selecting virulence, can prevent and treat specific target pest.Insect pathogenic microorganisms by insect circle in the air, habitation diffusion, spread scope is far beyond the control area of common trapping lamp.
The microbial control insect of light trapping a device, " lure-infect-discharge " device, comprise solar panels, automatic powder spraying device, light trap pipe, accumulator and support.Light trap pipe be arranged on automatic powder spraying device under center.The aerosol that dusts is installed in automatic powder spraying device, and the aerosol content that dusts is particulate pulvis and the propellant containing microorganism insecticide.Preferably, described solar panels are fixed on cantilever tip, the cantilever tip automatic powder spraying device that dangles.
Described solar panels generated output is preferably and is not less than 25 watts.
Described accumulator guarantees to connect under cloudy 3 days weather conditions, and this device can run well.
The power of described light trap pipe is preferably and is not less than 8 watts, and opening time every day is preferably and is not shorter than 3 hours.
The kind of described microorganism insecticide is selected according to target pest, and its active ingredient be take and tagged as main, and target pest is had to selection virulence.The active ingredient of recommending is entomogenous fungi and the insect viruses such as green muscardine fungus, white muscardine fungi.The fineness of the described particulate pulvis containing microorganism insecticide is not more than 600 orders.
Described automatic powder spraying device can be that clocked flip dusts, and can be also that infrared rays triggering is dusted; Infrared rays or timing springing unit and control chip are installed in automatic powder spraying device.Described infrared rays flip flop equipment is set insect activity intensity threshold value under light trap, reaches this threshold value and starts first spray, and follow-up timing spraying several times stop, and interval is after 24 hours, then flow process spraying operation according to this.Described timing springing unit is flutterred the lamp time according to target pest and is determined initial spray time, and follow-up timing spraying several times stop, and interval is after 24 hours, then flow process spraying operation according to this.
The above-mentioned microbial control insect based on light trapping effective control area of device according on average the circling in the air distance of target pest, determine.Control its effective control area radius between 50m～100m, be equivalent to 12 mu～47 mu.
The above-mentioned microbial control insect based on light trapping the device time of discharging should be target pest harm initial before, continue to be opened into that crop harvesting completes or sanitary insect pest threatens and disappears.
The above-mentioned microbial control insect based on light trapping device by adjusting microorganism insecticide active ingredient or/and the optical source wavelength of light trap pipe, realize the different target pest of control, promoted and prevented and treated efficiency, reduced the impact on beneficial insect or non-target insect.
The present invention has the following advantages and effect with respect to prior art tool:
The present invention is by light trapping technology and the application of microbial control technology synergy, by migrating of insect, expand at double the control area of light insecticidal technology, and discharge according to different target pests, there is the microbial control factor of selecting virulence, specially kill target pest, avoid manslaughtering beneficial insect, reduced the impact on beneficial insect, solved conventional light insecticidal technology control range limited, insect, beneficial insect kill entirely, can only catch and kill the drawbacks such as adult.
" lure-infect-discharge " of the present invention device can be arranged on field or the intensive place of other insect, by long-term fixed point sustained release insect pathogenic microorganisms, can be so that target pest population persistent infection epizootics, pest population density long-term control is in the degree of deficiency harm.
The present invention has expanded traditional insect physical control technology and biological prevention, and use cost is low, specially kills target pest, in agriculture and forestry injurious insect control and medium BIOLOGICAL CONTROL field extensive application.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is " lure-infect-discharge " apparatus structure schematic diagram; Wherein, the 1st, solar panels, the 2nd, automatic powder spraying device, the 3rd, light trap pipe, the 4th, microorganism insecticide, the 5th, accumulator, the 6th, support.
Fig. 2 is the control efficiency statistical chart of the present invention to rice fulgorid,
curve is preventive effect-processing time curve of check plot,
curve is density rate of descent-processing time curve of check plot.
Fig. 3 is the control efficiency Mosq-ovitrap method monitoring and statistics figure of the present invention to mosquito,
curve is preventive effect-processing time curve of check plot,
curve is density rate of descent-processing time curve of check plot.
Fig. 4 is the control efficiency mosquito luring lamp monitoring and statistics figure of the present invention to mosquito,
curve is preventive effect-processing time curve of check plot,
curve is density rate of descent-processing time curve of check plot.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is done to further detailed description, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.
A kind of " lure-infect-discharge " device, its structural representation as shown in Figure 1, comprises the parts such as solar panels 1, automatic powder spraying device 2, light trap pipe 3, accumulator 5 and support 6.Solar panels 1 are fixed on support 6 tops, the support 6 tops automatic powder spraying device 2 that dangles, light trap pipe 3 be arranged on automatic powder spraying device 2 under center.The interior installation of automatic powder spraying device 2 aerosol that dusts, the aerosol that dusts is convenient to change, and content is particulate pulvis and the propellant containing microorganism insecticide 4.
The power of light trap pipe 3 is not less than 8 watts, and opening time every day is not shorter than 3 hours.
The kind of microorganism insecticide 4 is selected according to target pest, and its active ingredient be take and tagged as main, and target pest is had to selection virulence.The active ingredient of recommending is entomogenous fungi and the insect viruses such as green muscardine fungus, white muscardine fungi.The fineness that contains the particulate pulvis of microorganism insecticide is not more than 600 orders.
Automatic powder spraying device 2 can be that clocked flip dusts, and can be also that infrared rays triggering is dusted.Infrared rays or timing springing unit and control chip are installed in automatic powder spraying device 2.Infrared rays trigger to be set insect activity intensity threshold value under light trap, reaches this threshold value and starts first spray, and follow-up timing spraying several times stop, and interval is after 24 hours, then flow process spraying operation according to this.Clocked flip is flutterred the lamp time according to target pest and is determined initial spray time, and follow-up timing spraying several times stop, and interval is after 24 hours, then flow process spraying operation according to this.
Effective control area of this " lures-infect-discharge " device is determined according to the distance of on average circling in the air of target pest.Control its effective control area radius between 50m～100m, be equivalent to 12 mu～47 mu.
This " lure-infects-discharges " device time of discharging should be target pest endanger initial before, continue to be opened into that crop harvesting completes or sanitary insect pest threat disappearance.
This " lures-infect-discharge " device can, according to the different crops in control area and target pest, or/and the optical source wavelength of light trap promotes and prevents and treats efficiency, reduce the impact on beneficial insect or non-target insect by adjusting microorganism insecticide active ingredient.
The control of embodiment 2 rice hoppers
Rice fulgorid, the common name of Insecta Homoptera (Homoptera) Delphacidae (Delphacidae) insect, with thorn, inhale the plant juice crops such as paddy rice of causing harm, comprise brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), white-backed planthopper (Sogatella furcifera) and small brown rice planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus) etc.Rice fulgorid is the class important pests in rice in China, various places large generation continuously in recent years.Paddy rice is injured on initial stage stem stalk and presents many irregular brown spots, endangers when serious complete stool withered, expands and causes in flakes the rice strain lodging of full field waste withered, and Severe Reduction, constitutes a serious threat to the production of paddy rice.
Once the insecticide methamidophos that was widely used in rice fulgorid control, has the characteristics such as high poison, high residue because of it, and large to the lethality of rice field beneficial organism, and China completely forbade it and used in agricultural from 1 day January in 2007.At present, the conventional insecticide of control rice fulgorid is main Imidacloprid, Buprofezin, Bassa and Mobucin, but along with the Imidacloprid use of high frequency time on a large scale, rice fulgorid is improved fast to its pesticide resistance, and various places reflect that its effect to rice fulgorid is not equal to before.
Rice fulgorid has stronger phototaxis, and application on 10 days-September 10 August in 2013 " lure-infect-discharge " technology has been carried out field experiment, and checking the present invention is for the control efficiency of rice fulgorid.
Materials and methods
Experiment place: experiment scene is chosen in Jiangxia, Wuhan rice field, plantation be Single Late Rice kind.Select 6 plot, each plot is square, the about 200m of the length of side.Block gap, ground is no less than 100m, does respectively 3 and processes plot and 3 contrast plot, spaced apart.
Light trap wavelength and microorganism insecticide active ingredient: light trap wavelength adopts 365nm, the green muscardine fungus that microorganism insecticide active ingredient is selected is Wuhan University's separated also bacterial strain of purifying from the termite worm corpse of field ant nest death, through form, Physiology and biochemistry and molecular biology identification, this bacterial strain is a new variant of Metarhizium anisopliae, named as Metarhizium anisopliae var.dcjhyium(CCTCC preserving number M206077, Genbank accession number is DQ288247), be called for short Metarhizium anisopliae Wuhan strain Lj01.The medicament active constituent content discharging be 5,000,000,000 spores/gram, formulation is particulate dry powder (DP), fineness is 600 orders.
Prevent and treat method: " lure-infect-discharge " device is arranged on treatment region field central authorities, and light trap pipe lower end is apart from ground 1.5m.According to rice fulgorid flutter lamp habit, 19:00 turns on light, regularly the first spray time 20:00 of dusting device sprays microorganism insecticide duration 5s at every turn, spray rate is 0.3g/s～0.5g/s, interval spray in 1 hour 1 time, continuous spraying 3 times, finishes the same day and processes.Day by day process successively 21 days.
Investigation method: respectively before processing for three days on end, start 7d, 14d, 21d and 28d after the processing offset of investigating and " lure-infect-discharge " the rice fulgorid insect density of pesticide applicator 100m Yi Nei circular area district and check plot.Investigation method is that the parallel jump method of each treatment region or check plot is investigated 30 points, 2 clumps every, looks into altogether 60 clumps.With 40cm * 30cm ceramic whiteware disc brush last layer machine oil, retread and be put into paddy rice middle and lower part, pat fast rice strain 2 times, then held rapidly and looked into meter rice fulgorid quantity.Before and after dispenser, by same investigation method sampling, investigate residual borer population alive, add up the hundred residual worm amounts in cave.
According to investigation result, according to time sequencing, calculate insect population decline rate, the correction preventive effect of each treatment region.
Insect population decline rate=[borer population alive before (borer population alive after the borer population-processing alive before processing)/processing] * 100%,
Proofread and correct preventive effect=[(insect population decline rate-blank district, chemicals treatment district insect population decline rate)/(1-blank district insect population decline rate)] * 100%.
Adopt SPSS for analysis software Deng Kenshi duncan's new multiple range method (DMRT) test data is carried out to variance analysis.
Interpretation of result
After discharging medicament, 7d～28d estimates, and treatment region paddy growth is normal, and blade chlorisis, deformity etc. do not appear in the Non Apparent Abnormalities such as leaf look, plant height, illustrate that " lure-infect-discharge " technology is safe to paddy rice.
Result of the test shows, 365nm wavelength is lured, and discharges 5,000,000,000 spores/gram green muscardine fungus Lj01 strain particulate pulvis and controls that late rice plant hopper is effective, and 14d preventive effect reaches 81.3%, and is extended to 28d, and preventive effect is 90.6%(Fig. 2).Control Radius reaches 100m, amounts to area and reaches 47 mu.According to the literature, the control area of common light desinsection only has 10 mu～20 mu scopes.But because being field fixed point sustained release microorganism insecticide, target pest has a process of migrating and propagating, and in implementing 7d of the present invention, nothing is control efficiency significantly, so the initial stage that need to occur insect implements " lure-infect-discharge " technology.
The control of embodiment 2 mosquitoes
Mosquito is the common name of Insecta diptera Dulicidae kind, comprise the Common Species of Anopheles (Anopheles), Aedes (Aedes) and Culex (Culex) with the close mosquito kind of relationship, not only thorn is stung human blood, and propagate many insect-borne diseasess such as malaria, dengue fever, encephalitis, be the medium biological (vector) the most serious to people's harm.The mosquito control of human settlements external environment adopts the measures such as physics blocking-up, personal protection such as adult mosquito space aerosol bomb, Mosquito Breeding ground removing, screen door and window, mosquito net conventionally.In mosquito season occurred frequently, breeding place treatment measures are often difficult to implement, and the measure timeliness anti-processed of space spraying chemical insecticide is short frequently, contaminated environment, health risk, and unsuitable extensive high strength is implemented.Along with the dengue fever of killing propagation, Chikungunya fever etc. are new and reappear mosquito matchmaker sick (mosquito borne diseases) threatens, continue to rise, human settlements external environment needs a kind of high-efficiency environment friendly, continuable Mosquito controh technology.
Mosquito has stronger phototaxis and can infect various insects pathogenic microorganisms, and application on 20 days-July 20 June in 2013 " lure-infect-discharge " technology has been carried out mosquito control field experiment, and checking the present invention is for the control efficiency of mosquito.
Materials and methods
Experiment place: experiment scene is chosen in residential quarter, Hongshan District, Wuhan, in community for brick mix structure, build up approximately 20 years 7 layers of old-fashioned residential building,, greening well, be take camphor tree, osmanthus fragrans, bamboo and pittosporum tobira shrub as main the community in, in annual two seasons of autumn in summer, resident's bite by mosquitos is complained more.
Light trap wavelength and microorganism insecticide active ingredient: light trap wavelength adopts 365nm, the green muscardine fungus that microorganism insecticide active ingredient is selected is Wuhan University's separated also bacterial strain of purifying from the termite worm corpse of field ant nest death, through form, Physiology and biochemistry and molecular biology identification, this bacterial strain is a new variant of Metarhizium anisopliae, named as Metarhizium anisopliae var.dcjhyium(CCTCC preserving number M206077, Genbank accession number is DQ288247), be called for short Metarhizium anisopliae Wuhan strain Lj01.The medicament active constituent content discharging be 5,000,000,000 spores/gram, formulation is particulate dry powder (DP), fineness is 600 orders.
Prevent and treat method: " lure-infect-discharge " device is arranged on major trunk roads west side, community, the afforested areas between two buildings, light trap lower end is apart from ground 1.5m.According to mosquito flutter lamp habit, 18:00 turns on light, regularly the first spray time 18:30 of dusting device sprays microorganism insecticide duration 5s at every turn, spray rate is 0.3g/s～0.5g/s.Interval spray in 1 hour 1 time, continuous spraying 3 times, finishes the same day and processes.Day by day process successively 21d.
Control zone is selected major trunk roads east side, community, the afforested areas between two buildings, and with processing region linear interval 200m, centre has building to intercept.
Investigation method: adopt Mosq-ovitrap method and light trap method, respectively before processing for three days on end, start 7d, 14d, 21d and 28d after the processing offset of investigating and " lure-infects-discharge " mosquito density that installs 100m Yi Nei circular area district and check plot.
Mosq-ovitrap method, for 20 of Mosq-ovitraps (East South Industry Co.,Ltd. ,Guangdong Province production) to be set respectively at each treatment region or check plot, mainly detects aedes density, and the 7d before experiment starts arranges.Each Mosq-ovitrap is put into a φ 9cm qualitative filter paper, and adds the running water that spends the night, and the water surface is not higher than filter paper surface.After each inspection, water and filter paper all will be changed.Mosq-ovitrap is positioned in outdoor afforestation band, when laying, will ensure the spacing between Mosq-ovitrap, and every 10m～15m lays one.
Lure mosquito to lure the calculating of ovum index:
Mosquito luring lamp method monitoring tool selects LTS-M02B " little general of time " photocatalysis to catch and kill mosquitos and flies device (manufacturer is Jixing Environment Protection Co., Ltd., Wuhan City), from experiment, starting front 7d starts, every 7d monitoring 1 time, wind and rain weather (wind-force is more than 5 grades) is postponed.At the external environment away from jamming light source, wind sheltering, 4 pendant lamp points are set, lay respectively at 4 of all directions direction, every lamp surpasses 80m with the air line distance of " lure-infect-discharge " device.Mosquito luring lamp light source is liftoff 1.5m, sunset switches on power for first 1 hour, opens mosquito luring lamp trapping mosquito, within after 2d sunrise 1 hour, regains identifying species, counting, bulk density (only/lamp).
Mosquito luring lamp adopts puts the method for receiving morning evening, and mainly monitoring mosquito kind is culex, with culex, carrys out bulk density index:
Mosquito effect=[(density after the density-processing before processing)/density] before processing * 100% that goes out,
Proofread and correct mosquito effect=[(chemicals treatment district insect population go out effect-blank district density rate of descent)/(1-blank district density rate of descent)] * 100% that goes out.
Adopt SPSS for analysis software Deng Kenshi duncan's new multiple range method (DMRT) test data is carried out to variance analysis.
Interpretation of result
After discharging medicament, 7d ∽ 28d estimates, and treatment region vegetation growth is normal, and green plants blade chlorisis, deformity etc. do not appear in Non Apparent Abnormality, illustrate that " lure-infect-discharge " technical finesse is safe to city ornamental plant.
Result of the test shows, 365nm wavelength is lured, and discharges that 5,000,000,000 spores/gram green muscardine fungus Lj01 strain particulate pulvis is controlled Residents community mosquito respond well.Mosq-ovitrap method is measured, and it is 91.2%(Fig. 3 that preventive effect 14d reaches 73.5%, 28d); Mosquito luring lamp method is measured, and it is 82.9%(Fig. 4 that preventive effect 14d reaches 57.8%, 28d).
Above-mentioned experiment confirms that " lure-infect-discharge " technology control range air line distance surpasses 80m, and the control area of common outdoor light desinsection is within the scope of 50m.But because being external environment fixed point sustained release microorganism insecticide, the process that mosquito need to migrate, infect, in implementing 7d of the present invention, without remarkable control efficiency, so the initial stage that need to occur mosquito implements " lure-infect-discharge " technology, and continues to use.
Above-described embodiment is preferably embodiment of the present invention; but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; other any do not deviate from change, the modification done under Spirit Essence of the present invention and principle, substitutes, combination, simplify; all should be equivalent substitute mode, within being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the method for the microbial control insect based on light trapping, it is characterized in that comprising the steps: luring gathering target pest by light source or frequency spectrum wave, to target pest, spot application has the insect pathogenic microorganisms of selecting virulence, causes target pest vector insects pathogenic microorganisms.
2. the method for the microbial control insect based on light trapping according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described insect pathogenic microorganisms is entomogenous fungi, insect viruses.
3. a device for the microbial control insect based on light trapping, is characterized in that: comprise solar panels, automatic powder spraying device, light trap pipe, accumulator and support; Light trap pipe be arranged on automatic powder spraying device under center; The aerosol that dusts is installed in automatic powder spraying device, and the aerosol content that dusts is particulate pulvis and the propellant containing microorganism insecticide.
4. the device of the microbial control insect based on light trapping according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described solar panels are fixed on cantilever tip, the cantilever tip automatic powder spraying device that dangles.
5. the device of the microbial control insect based on light trapping according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described solar panels generated output is not less than 25 watts; Described accumulator guarantees to connect under cloudy 3 days weather conditions, and this device can run well; The power of described light trap pipe is not less than 8 watts, and opening time every day is not shorter than 3 hours.
6. the device of the microbial control insect based on light trapping according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the active ingredient of described microorganism insecticide is selected according to target pest; The fineness of the described particulate pulvis containing microorganism insecticide is not more than 600 orders.
7. the device of the microbial control insect based on light trapping according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described automatic powder spraying device is that clocked flip dusts or infrared rays triggers.
8. the device of the microbial control insect based on light trapping according to claim 3, is characterized in that: effective control area of the device of the described microbial control insect based on light trapping is determined according to the distance of on average circling in the air of target pest.
9. the device of the microbial control insect based on light trapping according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the time of discharging of the device of the described microbial control insect based on light trapping be target pest harm initial before, continue to be opened into that crop harvesting completes or sanitary insect pest threatens and disappears.
10. the device of the microbial control insect based on light trapping according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the device of the described microbial control insect based on light trapping is by adjusting the active ingredient of microorganism insecticide or/and the optical source wavelength of light trap pipe is realized the different target pest of control.
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