WO2009084900A2

WO2009084900A2 - Sticky trap using color contrast and method for controlling insects using the same

Info

Publication number: WO2009084900A2
Application number: PCT/KR2008/007768
Authority: WO
Inventors: Un Taek Lim
Original assignee: Andong National University Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation
Priority date: 2007-12-31
Filing date: 2008-12-30
Publication date: 2009-07-09
Also published as: KR100853616B1; WO2009084900A3

Abstract

Disclosed herein is a sticky trap attracting pest insects, and more specifically, disclosed herein are a sticky trap capable of exhibiting maximal visual attraction effects by suitably controlling factors such as color contrast, an area ratio of the trap portion to the background portion, and variation in shape, and a method for controlling pest insects using the same. From optimal examples, it can be confirmed that the sticky trap of the present invention exhibits 21 -fold or higher attraction activity, as compared to conventional sticky traps, is non-toxic to humans, animals, and the environment, and is thus environmentally-friendly, and keeps the density of target pest insects below an acceptable economical loss level in spite of reduced spray frequency of pesticides.

Description

STICKY TRAP USING COLOR CONTRAST AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING INSECTS USING THE

SAME

Technical Field

[1] The present invention relates to a method for controlling pest insects. More specifically, the present invention relates to a sticky trap attracting pest insects and a method for controlling pest insects using the same.

[2]

Background Art

[3] Thrips (Thysanoptera), greenhouse whiteflies (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) and flies are the most widely important insects of vegetables and flowering plants. These insects cause both direct damage through consumption of plants and substantial indirect damage such as mediation of pathogenic molds, bacteria and viruses thereto. In particular, western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) were found in Cheju, South Korea in 1993, and have spread all over the nation and increasingly cause damage to crops such as strawberries, red peppers and cucumbers, and flowers such as chrysanthemums, roses, gerberas and carnations (Kwan Seok LEE et al., 2001. J. Asia- Pacific Entomol. 4: 115-122). In addition, thrips mediate the plant virus, Tospovirus and cause great damage in America and Europe, and the presence of Tospovirus- mediating species was identified in South Korea (Jea Ah JUNG et al., 2006, Annual Meeting of Korean Society of applied Entomology. 152p).

[4] The most generally used thrips-control method is chemical insect control by treatment with an insecticide. IHbwever, there is an increasing need for reduction of insecticide use due to problems such as environmental pollution and resistance. Pest insect control using natural enemies such as Orius sauteri, Galendromus occidentalis and nematodes has been attempted, but it is difficult to realize satisfactory insect control due to the rapid proliferation of thrips and low acceptable economical loss level.

[5] Common yellow sticky traps (cards) catch flying thrip imagoes in crops, which are generally used for density fluctuation investigation of thrip population rather than control of thrips. Korean Patent No. 0478513 discloses yellow sticky traps containing pheromones to improve attraction. [6] Recently, a great deal of research associated with attraction behaviors of thrips according to color, size and installment position of yellow sticky traps has been conducted. Research associated with the enhancement of the shape of traps to improve attraction or the application of new designs has also been conducted. Cho et al., (1995, J. Entomol. Sci. 30:176-190) reported that column or cup-shaped sticky traps exhibit superior activities, compared to flat-sheet shaped sticky plates. In an attempt to improve attraction, Chen et al., (2004. Environ. Entomol. 33: 1416-1420) installed a device emitting light at a wavelength at which sticky traps efficiently attract thrips. Korean Patent Laid-open No. 2007-0118333 discloses a method for attracting and killing nocturnal insects using a fluorescent lamp.

[7]

Disclosure of Invention Technical Problem

[8] Conventional sticky traps have week attraction, thus being used for density fluctuation investigation of thrips, rather than control of thrips. On the other hand, the present invention has been made to solve the problems of the conventional sticky traps and to improve attraction, and it is an aspect of the present invention to provide a sticky trap that is harmless to humans, animals, and the environment, and capable of efficiently controlling pest insects. In particular, the present invention provides a sticky trap capable of exhibiting maximal visual attraction effects by suitably controlling factors such as color contrast, an area ratio of the trap portion and the background portion and variation in shape.

[9]

Technical Solution

[10] The present invention provides a sticky trap exhibiting maximized visual attraction effects for pest insects by varying conventional yellow sticky traps through color contrast effects with a background color, an area ratio with respect to the background and variation into the shape thrips like, based on the fact that insects such as thrips have complicated and highly developed compound eyes, like vertebrates (Qurfa and Menzel 1997. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 7: 505-513), but research associated with visual information thereof is far less advanced than research associated with chemicals (Prokopy and Owens 1983. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 28: 337-364).

[11] In accordance with one aspect of the present invention for achieving the above aspect, there is provided a sticky trap including a central trap portion with a pest insect-attracting color and a background portion with a color complementary to the trap portion color, wherein an area ratio of the trap portion and the background portion is 1 : 3 to 1 : 15. [12] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for controlling pest insects including thrips, greenhouse whiteflies and flies using a sticky trap, wherein the sticky trap includes a yellow central trap portion and a black background portion wherein an area ratio of the trap portion to the background portion is 1 : 5 to 1 : 10 and the background portion has an area of 200 to 900 cm². [13] The term "thrips" as used herein includes all of thrips, greenhouse whiteflies, flies and analogues thereof. [14]

Brief Description of Drawings [15] The above and other aspects, features and other advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[16] FIG. 1 is a graph showing attraction to thrips according to the shape of a trap portion;

[17] FIG. 2 is a graph showing attraction to thrips according to the color of a background portion; [18] FIG. 3 is a graph showing attraction to thrips according to the area ratio of a trap portion to a background portion; [19] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a tricky trap wherein an area ratio of a yellow trap portion 20 to a black background portion 10 is 1 : 7.5; and [20] FIG. 5 is a graph showing attraction comparison test results of a sticky trap with color contrast according to the present invention. [21]

Best Mode for Carrying out the Invention [22] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

[23] The sticky trap according to the present invention comprises a center trap portion and a background portion exhibiting superior color contrast effects which are arranged in various shapesand at a desired area ratio, thereby exhibiting superior visual attraction effects. [24]

[25] TRAP PORTION

[26] FIG. 4 shows the sticky trap using color contrast according to one preferred embodiment of the present invention. The sticky trap comprises a trap portion 20 and a background portion 10 arranged around the trap 20. The trap is coated with a commonly used sticky composition so as to catch and kill pest insects attracted thereto.

[27] The trap may be colored white, yellow, red or blue which are known to efficiently attract thrips and is preferably colored white or yellow. In the present embodiment, yellow, which exhibits better attraction in preliminary tests, was determined as the color of the trap portion 20.

[28] The shapes of the trap and background portions as well as color contrast effects are considerably important in improving visual attraction effects of pest insects and a detailed explanation thereof will be described in the following background portion section.

[29] The trap portion may contain commonly used attractants such as pheromones of target pest insects, p-anisaldehyde and ethyl nicotinate in order to improve pest insect attraction activity.

[30]

[31] BACKGROUND PORTION

[32] The background portion may be colored black, green or orange which exhibits high color contrast effects with respect to the trap color. Black may be used as a complementary color to yellow. In the following embodiment, tests were performed using black as a complementary color to yellow of the trap portion. Herein, the complementary color to a specific color is not limited to any specific one and includes various colors exhibiting identical effects. That is, since colors such as blackish red and dark blue exhibit the same effects as black, the background color complementary to the yellow central trap of the present invention may be selected from the desired colors.

[33] The background portion may take various shapes and is preferably in the form of a square which is easy to install and maximizes color contrast effects. IVbre preferably, the background portion may be in the form of a square having an area of 200 to 900 cm².

[34] An area ratio of the trap to the background is considerably important in improving visual attraction effects of pest insects. For the sticky trap of the present invention, an area ratio of the trap portion to the background portion is preferably 1 : 3 to 1 : 15, more preferably, 1 : 5 to 1 : 10. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 4, an area ratio of the yellow trap portion 20 to the background portion 10 is 1 : 7.5. [35] When the background portion has an area of 200 to 900 cm², 1 to 5 of the sticky traps using color contrast according to the present invention are preferably installed per 2 m² of greenhouse cultivation land.

[36] The sticky trap using color contrast according to the present invention may be applied to both thrips and other pest insects such as greenhouse whiteflies ( Tri- aleurodes vaporariorum) and flies. In particular, yellow is known to exhibit the most efficient attraction to Bemisia tabaci or Trialeurodes vaporariorum which cause great damage to cucurbitaceae greenhouse crops such as melons, thus enabling additional pest insect control in the greenhouse. Furthermore, insect species have different biological properties and preference, thus enabling realization of the trap which best fits specific pest insects by variably controlling the color, shape, size and contrast level of the trap depending on the target insects to be controlled within the scope of the present invention.

[37] When compared to conventional yellow tricky traps that can trap only flying thrip imagoes, because they are generally installed above crops (Davidson et al. 2005. J. Insect Physiol. 52: 719-738.), the sticky trap of the present invention has a circular shape, thus more actively inducing flying action of thrips and increasing the capture rate thereof.

[38]

Mode for the Invention

[39] Hereinafter, exemplary examples of the present invention will be described in more detail. Fbwever, these examples are given for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, additions and substitutions are possible, without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as disclosed in the accompanying claims.

[40]

[41] EXAMPLES

[42] Example 1

[43] Manufacture of Trap portion and Attraction Test

[44] Various shapes of the trap portion 20 were manufactured and attraction thereof was tested. The traps were yellow and were manufactured in the forms of a diamond, circle, triangle, inverted triangle, semicircle and square which are commonly known to exhibit high insect attraction effects, and thrips attraction capability thereof was tested.

[45] The attraction test was performed according to the following procedure. A flowerpot in which a kidney bean tree was planted was placed in an acrylic box having a size of 30(L)x30(W)x30(H), 50 female thrip imagoes were dispersed therein and allowed to adjust to their new surroundings, a plurality of sticky traps (choice tests) and a single stick trap (no-choice test) were installed after 2 hours, the number of thrips attracted to each trap for one week was checked and each test was repeated 5 times. The choice tests and no-choice tests were subjected to statistical analysis using paired t-test and Kruskal-Wallis test, respectively (a=0.05).

[46] The results thus obtained are shown in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 1, for both the choice tests and the no-choice tests, the circular sticky traps caught the highest number of thrips.

[47]

[48] Example 2

[49] Manufacture of Backgound portion and Attraction Test

[50] Sticky traps were manufactured, which comprised a yellow circular trap portion which exhibited the most excellent attraction capability in Example 1 and a black (A), blue (B), green (C) or yellow (D) background portion, and choice and no-choice tests were then performed. The background portions were in the form of a square having an area of 200 to 900 cm². The results thus obtained are shown in FIG. 2. As shown in FIG. 2, black, a complementary color to yellow, exhibited the most excellent attraction, and blue, green and yellow exhibited increasing attraction in the order given. This result indicates that attraction capability to thrips increases as color contrast increases.

[51]

[52] Example 3

[53] Attraction effects according to area ratio of background and trap portions

[54] A sticky trap was manufactured, which comprised the black background portion and a yellow circular trap portion which exhibited superior thrips-attraction capability in Examples 1 and 2. The background portion was manufactured in the form of a square having an area of 15x15 cm², taking into consideration convenience and economic efficiency and with an area ratio of the trap portion 20 to the background portion of 1 : 2 (A), 1 : 3.5 (B), and 1 : 7.5 (C) so as to maximize color contrast effects. Choice tests and no-choice tests were performed. The results thus obtained are shown in FIG. 3. As shown in FIG. 3, when the area ratio of the trap portion and the background portion was 1 : 7.5, the number of thrips attracted per unit area was significantly high. This result indicates that the area ratio of the trap portion to the background portion is preferably 1 : 3 to 1 : 15, more preferably, 1 : 5 to 1 : 10. [55]

[56] Example 4

[57] Pest insect control tests

[58] Thrip attraction through visual information was tested for the sticky trap using color contrast according to the present invention. 1 to 5 of stick traps were installed per 2 nf of a greenhouse cultivation land. A conventional yellow square sticky trap was used as a control group. The sticky trap used in the test is shown in FIG. 4. The sticky traps were manufactured according to the optimal shape and color selected in Examples 1 to 3. The background portion 10 was in the form of a black square having an area of 15x15 cm², and the trap portion 20 was manufactured in the form of a yellow circle having a semidiameter of 3.1 cm. Thrip attraction activity was verified in a strawberry house, two times (i.e., on April 18 and May 12, 2007). The strawberry house (74x7.5 nf)locatedin Songcheon-dong, Andong-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea was dividedinto 35 pots and 20 pots were randomly selected therefrom The sticky trap (A) of FIG. 4and the conventional squaresticky trap (B) were arranged such that they face each other, while being spaced apart from each other by a distance of 1 m, and were separated after 3 days. The number of thrips caught by the sticky traps was measured and the results thus obtained are shown in FIG. 5.

[59] As shown in FIG. 5, results of tests performed on April 18, 2007 and May 12, 2007 ascertained that the number of thrips attracted by the sticky trap (A) using color contrast according to the present invention was 21 -times and 2.3-times that of the conventional square sticky trap (B), respectively.

[60]

Industrial Applicability

[61] As apparent from the foregoing, the present invention provides a sticky trap using color contrast which exhibits excellent attraction effect to pest insects, thus monitoring population density fluctuation of thrips in vegetables and flowering crops and preventing accumulation of pest insects, unlike conventional sticky traps. The use of the sticky trap according to the present invention enables reduction of use of insecticides. The present invention also provides a method for controlling pest insects which is non-toxic to humans, animals, and the environment, and is thus safe and environmentally-friendly.

[62] The sticky trap can kill more thrips per unit area, thus decreasing the number of traps installed per unit area and advantageously reducing costs associated therewith, as compared to conventional yellow sticky traps. [63] In particular, the sticky trap and the method for controlling pest insects using the same control thrip population in seedling crops such as strawberries, cucumbers, tomatoes and red peppers, thereby contributing to normal yield and development of fruits and to improved production efficiency.

Claims

[1] A sticky trap using color contrast comprising: a central trap portion colored a pest insect-attracting color; and a background portion colored a color complementary to the trap portion color, wherein an area ratio of the trap portion to the background portion is 1 : 3 to 1 :

15. [2] The sticky trap according to claim 1, wherein the area ratio of the trap portion to the background portion is 1 : 5 to 1 : 10. [3] The sticky trap according to claim 1, wherein the trap portion has a circular shape and the background portion has a square shape. [4] The sticky trap according to claim 1, wherein the color of the trap portion is selected from the group consisting of red, blue, white and yellow. [5] The sticky trap according to claim 2, wherein the trap portion is yellow.

[6] The sticky trap according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the background portion has an area of 200 to 900 cm². [7] The sticky trap according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the sticky trap contains an attractant to which target pest insects are attracted. [8] The sticky trap according to claim 7, wherein the attractant is selected from the group consisting of pheromones of the target pest insects, p-anisaldehyde and ethyl nicotinate. [9] A method for controlling pest insects including thrips, greenhouse whiteflies and flies using a sticky trap, wherein the sticky trap comprises a yellow central trap portion and a black background portion, wherein an area ratio of the trap portion to the background portion is 1 : 5 to 1 :

10 and the background portion has an area of 200 to 900 cm². [10] The method according to claim 9, wherein 1 to 5 of the sticky traps are installed per2 m² of a greenhouse cultivation land.