JP2006180805A - Insecticidal method and apparatus for insect pest - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a technique for suppressing invasion of insect pests by efficient capturing of the insect pests in the interior and on the periphery of an agricultural crop cultivation facility field and to prevent damage to the agricultural crops with the insect pests. <P>SOLUTION: A plurality of decoy plants in which insecticidal effects are imparted to plants preferred by the insect pests are arranged in the interior and on the periphery of the agricultural crop cultivation field and invaded insect pests are made parasitic on the decoy plants and killed before the insect pests are parasitic on the crops. Thereby, the insect pests are prevented from invading on the facility and being parasitic on the crops. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a pest-killing method and apparatus for protecting agricultural products from pest damage.

Conventionally, the control of pests that occur and cause damage on agricultural crops is often performed using chemical pesticides. In recent years, for the purpose of reducing chemical pesticides, there has been a method of preventing damage by preventing insects from entering the field using insect nets, colored fluorescent lamps and UV-removing films (Patent Documents 1 and 2). 2). In fruit tree cultivation, a method has been proposed in which Chabanae stink bugs are gathered into eggplants treated with an insecticidal component acetamiprid using pheromone and killed (Patent Document 3).
JP 2003-299434 A JP-A-8-47361 JP 2004-143111 A

  Many pests invade crop fields by flying or flying. In many cases, the crop cultivation facility flies and enters through the opening. Even if you set up an insect net, insects that are smaller than the net size can easily invade. In addition, minute pests such as whiteflies will enter even within a slight gap or a short time during opening and closing. In addition, the use of yellow fluorescent lamps can prevent the invasion of large-scale tobacco moths, large-scale tobacco moths, and Spodoptera litura, but conversely, it attracts and attracts aphids, slips, and leafhoppers in the field. There are drawbacks.

  Furthermore, in institutional cultivation, it is possible to put a fine mesh on the doorway and side windows, but it is not possible to put a fine mesh on the skylight in order to avoid a rise in temperature. For this reason, the skylight often has a large insect mesh of about 4mm. However, when such a net with a large mesh size is used, minute pests such as whiteflies and aphids easily invade.

  In the crop cultivation facility, the temperature and humidity are suitable for the pests, and the food is sufficient. Therefore, the invading pests rarely fly outside until the harvesting is finished, but rather increase. For this reason, it is extremely important to prevent not only large pests but also minute pests from entering the facility and preventing the pests from entering the facility.

  In general, the temperature inside the facility is higher than the outdoors, so pests are attracted to this warm temperature in the morning and evening and gather around the facility. Therefore, it is necessary to first kill the pests gathered around this area. Next, even if a pest intrudes into the facility and enters the field, it is necessary to kill the pest before it infests the cultivated crop. For example, the insect pest silver leaf whitefly that parasitizes tomato mediates yellow leaf curl virus, but if even one insect carrying the virus enters the facility, 300 strains of tomato that are cultivated will become ill. To prevent this, it is most important to prevent the invasion of pests, and even after they have invaded, it is necessary to capture and kill the insects before the silver leaf whitefly infests the tomato. is there.

  Insecticidal techniques using attraction by pheromone agents such as stink bugs and lepidopterous pests cannot be applied to minute pests such as whiteflies, aphids, slips and leafworms. When using a pheromone agent, the preference for a deer plant is not so important, but when attracting only a decoy plant without using a pheromone agent, it is more harmful to the decoy plant than the surrounding plant. It is necessary to have high palatability. Thus, when attracting a pest using only a decoy plant, it is important to fully consider the preference of the pest with respect to the decoy plant.

  In addition, minute pests such as whiteflies, aphids, slips, and leafhoppers have a property of gathering in light such as yellow and blue, and further yellow fluorescent lamps, infrared lamps, and blue-black lamps. In addition to the use of decoy plants with high pest preference as described above, it is necessary to develop a highly precise pest killing technique using such a highly attractive color. Thus, there is a need for a technique that reduces the number of insect pests that enter the crop cultivation facility field, reduces the number of sprays of chemical pesticides, and suppresses severe damage caused by insect pests.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and the preference of insect pests to which an insecticidal effect has been imparted before the infestation of the crops before and after the invasion of the crop cultivation facility. The purpose is to kill harmful insects by using a decoy plant with high properties and prevent crop damage caused by the harmful insects. In addition, a pest insecticidal device combining a decoy plant and a color and light heat that attracts pests are arranged in appropriate places inside and outside the crop cultivation facility to provide a method and apparatus for attracting and killing pests more strongly. Objective.

  According to the insect pest killing method and apparatus of the present invention, the number of invading pests in the field of crop cultivation facilities can be reduced, the number of spraying of chemical pesticides can be reduced, and the great damage of crops by the pests can be suppressed. The method and apparatus for killing pests according to the present invention can be used to protect, for example, vegetables cultivated in a facility, in particular, crops such as strawberries, eggplants, peppers, melons, cucumbers, tomatoes, leeks and spinach. Examples of target pests include whitefly, slips, leaf fly and aphids. However, the present invention is not limited to the protection of the above-mentioned crops and the control of target pests.

  In order to achieve the above object, the insect pest killing method according to the present invention comprises placing a decoy plant having a pesticide-like plant imparted with an insecticidal effect inside or around a crop cultivation field, and the invading pest parasitizes the crop. It is characterized by infesting the decoy plant before killing, controlling the invasion of pests into the facility and infesting crops, and preventing damage to crops. The decoy plant can be installed both in and around the field, or in either.

  In addition, the method for killing pests according to the present invention is the method described above, wherein, even if the pests are minute pests such as aphids, whiteflies, slips, and leafhoppers, they enter the facility and enter the crop. It is characterized by suppressing infestation and preventing crop damage. As a decoy plant that gives an insecticidal effect to a plant preferred by a pest, for example, if the pest is an aphid, it is selected from legumes such as kidney beans, eggplants such as eggplants, and asteraceae plants such as burdock Can be used. When the pest is a whitefly, one or more kinds selected from leguminous plants such as kidney beans and asteraceae plants such as mugworts, spray giraffes, and burdock can be used as the decoy plant. When the pest is Srips, the decoy plant is selected from kidney beans, legumes such as white clover or red clover, pine family plants such as verbena, asteraceae plants such as roman chamomile, and diatomaceous plants such as Kalanchoe. Can be used. When the pest is a leafhopper, one or more kinds selected from legumes such as green beans, cucurbits such as cucumber, and solanaceous plants such as eggplant can be used as the decoy plant. When the pest is a stink bug, as the decoy plant, one or more selected from leguminous plants, preferably soybean or catalpa can be used.

  In addition, the insect pest killing method of the present invention is an insecticide absorbed from the root in the above method, and can impart an insecticidal effect to the decoy plant. Insecticides are absorbed from the roots of decoy plants by applying soil treatment or soil irrigation treatment of a single or a plurality of them simultaneously, and give an insecticidal effect. Since multiple insecticides are treated simultaneously, the insecticidal effect is high, and unlike when spraying pesticides on plants, the use of insecticides absorbed from the roots of plants in this way Even when a natural enemy insect approaches, it does not affect the natural enemy insect. For example, for the pest beetle aphids and the thrips, organophosphorus agents, preferably ortholan granules, can be used as insecticides. For the pest peach aphid or cotton aphid, a neonicotinoid agent, preferably an actara granule, can be used, and a mospiran granule or a best guard granule can also be used effectively. Synthetic pyrethroids, preferably force granules, can be used for beetles such as chafers and beetles. For other slips and aphids, neonicotinoid agents, preferably albaline granules, can be used. For pests whitefly or leafhoppers, neonicotinoid agents, preferably Dantotsu granules, can be used.

  In addition, the insect pest killing method of the present invention is the method described above, wherein the decoy plant is treated with a pest such as the outer periphery of the field, the entrance / exit, the inner periphery, the roof, the furrow, the facility cultivation bench, the bench, or the skylight. It is characterized by being placed where it can easily pass through and where it can easily invade and gather, effectively preventing infestation of crops. The installation place of the decoy plant may be arranged by selecting any one of the above, or may be arranged by combining a plurality of places.

  Further, the present invention is a pest insect killing device for use in the pest insect killing method described above, wherein a decoy plant having a pesticide-like plant imparted with a pesticide effect is planted in a container at the same time or in several types, Provided is a pest insecticidal device characterized in that it is arranged inside or around a cultivating field to kill a plurality of pests simultaneously. The insecticidal apparatus in which a decoy plant is installed in a container can effectively kill insect pests by being arranged in an appropriate place inside or around the crop cultivation field.

  The present invention also relates to a pest insect killing device for use in the above-mentioned pest killing method, wherein the yellow, infrared or blue-black light that attracts the pest at night or inside the container and the heat source thereby, By further providing a yellow or blue adhesive plate or adhesive film or roll for attracting insects, a device for attracting and killing insects more strongly is provided. In addition to decoy plants, these colors, light and heat that attract pests can be used to reliably kill pests regardless of day or night or low temperature.

  The pest-killing method and apparatus of the present invention can be applied not only to the above-mentioned crops and target pests, but also to many crops and pests.

  According to the method for killing pests of the present invention, a decoy plant that gives a pest-favored plant with an insecticidal effect is placed inside or around a crop cultivation field, and before the invading pest parasitizes the crop, By killing insects by infesting them, it is effective in preventing damage to crops. According to the method of the present invention, it is possible to simultaneously kill a plurality of pests by using a plurality of types of decoy plants according to the type of the target pest. Moreover, the same effect is acquired also by arrange | positioning the insecticidal apparatus of this invention provided with the decoy plant in the agricultural crop cultivation field or the circumference | surroundings, and implementing the insecticide method of this invention. The insecticidal apparatus of the present invention can further include a light heat source or an adhesive substance that attracts pests.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, medium soil 12 is put in a container or planter 11, and a plurality of different decoy plants such as decoy plant A14, decoy plant B15, and decoy plant C16 are sown or transplanted and grown. It is. The decoy plant can be changed in type and number of pests depending on the type of target pest. The surface soil of the medium soil 12 is treated with an insecticide (chemical pesticide) 13 and absorbed by a decoy plant to give an insecticidal effect. When the insecticide is a liquid agent, soil irrigation treatment can be performed. Further, one kind of insecticide can be used, and two kinds, three kinds, or more kinds can be processed as required.

  Since plants need to be irrigated, as shown in FIG. 1, an irrigation device 19 having an irrigation tube can be arranged, and a drain hole 21 can be provided at the bottom of the container or the planter 11. Furthermore, a drainage container 20 can be attached below the pesticide 13 treated through the irrigation solution to prevent the insecticide 13 from being discharged out of the container or the planter 11. The insect pest 17 that sucked the decoy plants 14 to 16 is immediately killed and falls to or near the surface of the soil 12 of the container or planter 11 to become a dead insect 18. Placing a black sheet to confirm the dead pests is easy to distinguish. In this way, by placing a decoy plant that has given insecticidal effects to plants that are favored by pests in or around the crop cultivation field, the decoy plant is parasitized before the infested pests infest the crop. In addition, it is possible to suppress the invasion of pests into the facility and the infestation of crops, thereby preventing damage to crops.

  FIG. 2 is a schematic top view in which a decoy plant is arranged inside or around a crop cultivation facility field. The decoy plants 14 to 16 can be arranged inside the crop cultivation field 22 or around the outside such as the entrance / exit 24. Moreover, in the inside of a plant | facility, it can arrange | position to the circumference | surroundings near a plant | facility wall surface, a cultivation bench or the top of a ridge 23, between crops, and a ridge.

  FIG. 3 is a schematic front view in which a decoy plant is arranged inside or around a crop cultivation facility field. By placing a decoy plant 14 near an opening such as a skylight 26 of the facility, the invading pest 17 can be attracted and killed. Further, a yellow or blue adhesive plate 28 can be disposed along with the decoy plant under the cultivation bench 23 or on the outer periphery of the facility. In this way, by using the decoy plant and the adhesive plate together, the approaching pest 17 is killed by the adhesive plate 28, while the deer plant 14 that cannot be killed by the adhesive plate 28 is parasitic on the decoy plant 14 and killed. It is possible to suppress the invasion of pests into the facility and the infestation of crops, thereby preventing the damage of crops.

  FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an insect pest killing apparatus used in the insecticidal method of the present invention. In using the insecticidal method of the present invention, pests can be effectively killed by arranging such a device inside or around the crop cultivation facility field. On the decoy plant device 33, a light lamp and a heat source 31 (yellow or infrared or blue black) are installed, and a yellow or blue sticky tape (film roll) 29 or a plate 30 is provided on the back or top surface thereof. Can be arranged. A pest attracted to a light lamp, heat source or decoy plant is trapped on a sticky plate, or sucks the decoy plant and dies by an insecticide. By planting multiple types of decoy plants in one container at the same time, it is possible to kill multiple pests. Moreover, in addition to a decoy plant, a pest can be attracted and killed more strongly by arranging a light heat source or an adhesive substance that emits a color that attracts the pest.

  In order to clarify the effects exerted by the above-described embodiments, test examples are described below.

(Test Example 1)
Various crops and plants shown in Table 1 were transplanted and cultivated in planters, and at the same time, as an insecticide (chemical pesticide), 6 g / strain of ortolan granules and 4 g / strain of spirin granules were treated with soil. After managing for 2 days, it was installed in the greenhouse. A black sheet was laid under each crop / plant, and all pests that died and fell for 7 days were examined and classified into aphids, slips, whiteflies, and others.

As shown in Table 1, it was found that the pest aphids were especially parasitic on green beans and chrysanthemum. In addition, it was found that the pest slips parasitized especially in verbena (Chrysomelidae), chrysanthemum, roman chamomile, and crassulaceae, and the pest whitefly was parasitized especially in green beans and chrysanthemum. Other pests included leafhoppers.
From these results, it was found that kidney beans are the most suitable decoy plant common to each pest. It was also found that Asteraceae weeds exert excellent effects as decoy plants. Furthermore, since a relatively large number of pests died on average in eggplant, the possibility of use as a decoy plant was shown.
In the case of silver leaf whiteflies classified as whitefly, soybean is the most suitable as a decoy plant, legumes are preferred as a decoy plant in stink bugs, preferably soybean or rhododendron is the most suitable, and verbena ), Roman chamomile and red diatomite were most suitable.
Therefore, it was found that decoy plants can be composed of 3 to 4 types by selecting legumes, asteraceae, eggplants, cucurbitaceae and other specific plants.

(Test Example 2)
Beans and eggplants were used as decoy plants, and various pesticides (chemical pesticides) such as ortholan granule, albaline granule, mosspiran granule, best guard granule and Dantotsu granule were treated with soil. After the treatment, the decoy plant strain was surrounded with goose cloth and 10 pests of each of aphids, slips, whiteflies and bean leaf flies (abbreviated as “bean bean” in the table) were released therein and died 3 days later. Counted the number of insects. The results are shown in Table 2.

Of the insecticides treated with bean, a decoy plant, it was found that the insect aphids have a high insecticidal effect with Ortran granules, Albarin granules and Dantotsu granules. Insect pests had high insecticidal effect with Ortran granule and Dantotsu granule, and Pest whitefly had high insecticidal effect with Albarin granule, Mospiran granule and Dantotsu granule. The insecticidal effect of Dantotsu granule was high against the pest bean leaf fly. Moreover, the mospiran granule and the best guard granule showed the high effect on each pest on average.
Next, in eggplant which is a decoy plant, it was found that the insect pest aphids have a high insecticidal effect by Ortran granule, Bestguard granule and Dantotsu granule. Insect pests had a high insecticidal effect with Ortran granules, and Pest whitefly had a high insecticidal effect with Mospiran granules, Bestguard granules and Dantotsu granules. The insecticidal effect of the best guard granule and the Dantotsu granule was high against the pest bean leaf fly. Ortran granules were particularly effective against aphids.
From these results, it became clear that parasitic insects would die if the decoy plant was treated with an insecticide (chemical pesticide), especially various granules. Even if the same granule was treated, the effect that appears depending on the plant was different. Therefore, it was shown that it is effective to select a drug suitable for the plant and to treat a plurality of insecticides.

(Test Example 3)
Since it is difficult to change the insecticide for each crop, the test was conducted by combining two of the insecticides used in Test Example 2. Using kidney beans as a decoy plant, 2g of (1) oortran granules, multiple insecticides (chemical pesticides), (2) albaline granules, (3) mospiran granules, (4) best guard granules, and ( 5) Soil treatment was performed by adding 2 g each of Dantotsu granules. After the treatment, each kidney strain was covered with a goose cloth, and 10 aphids, slips, whiteflies and legumes were released therein, and the number of dead insects was examined after 3 days. The results are shown in Table 3.
It was shown that a high insecticidal effect can be imparted to any target pest by treating with the combination of Orthran granules and Dantotsu granules.

(Test Example 4)
In order to control beetles such as chafers and beetles, soil containing force granule, a synthetic pyrethroid agent, in oga compost was placed in a container, and green beans were cultivated as a decoy plant. Twenty pots of green bean, a decoy plant, were placed in a strawberry seedling cultivation field, and the control effect of scarab beetles and beetles was examined. The results are shown in Table 4.
As a result, in the untreated area, the occurrence of larvae was found in the pot, and the roots were damaged, so the growth of strawberry seedlings was stopped. The occurrence of leaf beetles and other insect pests was also observed. On the other hand, no pests were found in the treatment area where the decoy plant was placed. In addition, no damage caused by leaf beetles was observed in the force granule-treated section (Table 4).

(Test Example 5)
A decoy plant device made using a decoy plant composed of green beans, borax, and eggplants that have been given an insecticidal effect with Ortran granule and Dantotsu granule is placed inside and outside the tomato house. 10 pieces were arranged around the house. Yellow sticky traps for pests were installed on the east, middle, and west sides of the house, and the number of killing of each pest on the yellow sticky plate was examined. As a result, the number of pests was smaller in any of the treated areas than in the untreated area. In particular, the inhibitory effect on whiteflies was significant (Table 5).

(Test Example 6)
Only the decoy plant apparatus 40 same as the said Test Example 5 was arrange | positioned only outside the facility of a 10 are house, and the number of killing with the adhesive board was investigated similarly in the house. As can be seen by comparing Tables 5 and 6, the number of insect pests killed in the house tended to decrease (Table 6).

(Test Example 7)
Next, 20 decoy plant devices using decoy plants with the same insecticidal effect as in Test Example 5 are arranged in the passage and entrance of the facility and 20 around the facility, and directly above the decoy plant. A yellow adhesive plate was placed on the plate. This state was maintained for 7 days, and yellow sticky traps were installed in the east, middle and west sides of the house, and the number of killing of each pest on the yellow sticky plate was examined. As a result, the number of killings in the house was remarkably smaller than that in the non-treated area, indicating a high insect pest invasion suppressing effect (Table 7).

(Test Example 8)
A white light, a yellow light, an infrared light, and a blue black light were installed at a height of 1 m in the house. A white adhesive film with a size of 1 m square was put on the back of the lamp and lit for 3 days. Thereafter, the number of pests killed by the adhesive film was examined. The results are shown in Table 8.
As a result, almost no pests were killed in the untreated area. Few micro-insects were killed by white light. However, there were a lot of yellow lights, and many were also murdered by infrared and blue-black lights. In particular, blue-black lights were more numbing the leaf fly. In addition, many non-pest moths were killed by the white light (Table 8).

(Test Example 9)
In the insect pest-stimulating apparatus shown in FIG. 4, apparatuses combining yellow adhesive rolls, yellow light and heat source, and decoy plants were installed on the east side and the center in the tomato house. After 24 hours, the number of pests killed per 20 cm of the yellow adhesive roll and the number of pests that adhered to the decoy plant and died were examined.
As a result, compared to the number of insects killed only by the adhesive plate, it was found that many insect pests were killed by the insect trapping device (Table 9).

(Test Example 10)
In the tomato house, 10 benches, 10 entrances, 32 passages, 10 surroundings, 5 in the skylight, and the same decoy plant device as in Test Example 5 above, the adhesive plate at the entrance, entrance, between the plants, under the skylight, Installed around the field. This state was maintained for 7 days, and a yellow adhesive plate was hung near the tomato strain, and the number of minute pests killed was examined. As a result, when the decoy plant apparatus and the adhesive plate were combined, the number of pests killed in the house was remarkably small, and the pest invasion suppressing effect was remarkably high (Table 10).

It is the schematic which shows the insecticide method of the pest by arrangement | positioning of the decoy plant in a crop cultivation facility farm field. It is an upper surface schematic diagram which shows arrangement | positioning of the decoy plant in the inside and circumference | surroundings of a crop cultivation facility farm field. It is a front schematic diagram which shows arrangement | positioning of the decoy plant in the inside and circumference | surroundings of a crop cultivation facility farm field. It is the schematic of the insect pest killing apparatus used for the insecticidal method of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

11 Container / planter 12 Medium soil 13 Insecticide (chemical pesticide)
14 decoy plant A
15 decoy plant B
16 decoy plant C
17 Pest 18 Dead insect 19 Irrigation device 20 Drainage container 21 Drainage hole 22 Crop cultivation field 23 Cultivation bench or fence 24 Entrance 25 Cultivation facility 26 Skylight 27 Crop 28 Adhesive plate 29 Yellow / blue adhesive tape 30 Yellow / blue adhesive plate 31 Photothermal source 32 power supply 33 decoy plant equipment

Claims (10)

  A decoy plant that gives insecticidal effects to plants preferred by pests is placed inside or around the crop cultivation field, and before the invading pests infest the crops, they are parasitic on the decoy plants and killed. A method for killing pests, which suppresses invasion of pests and infestation of crops, and prevents damage to crops.   The insecticidal method according to claim 1, wherein the pest is an aphid and the decoy plant is one or more selected from legumes, solanaceous plants and asteraceae plants.   The insecticidal method according to claim 1, wherein the pest is a whitefly, and the decoy plant is one or more selected from legumes and asteraceae plants.   The insecticidal method according to claim 1, wherein the pest is Srips, and the decoy plant is at least one selected from a leguminous plant, an oleaceae plant, an Asteraceae plant, and a diatomaceous plant.   The insecticidal method according to claim 1, wherein the pest is a leaf fly, and the decoy plant is one or more selected from legumes, cucurbits and solanaceous plants.   The insecticidal method according to claim 1, wherein the pest is a stink bug, and the decoy plant is at least one selected from legumes, preferably soybeans or peas.   A method for imparting an insecticidal effect to the decoy plant with an insecticide absorbed from the roots, and when the insect pests are whitefly, aphids and slips, an organophosphorus agent and neonicotinoid as the insecticide One or more selected from an agent, preferably an ortholan granule and an actala granule; when the pest is a beetle, a synthetic pyrethroid, preferably a force granule, as the pesticide; In some cases, a neonicotinoid agent, preferably a Dantotsu granule, is used as the insecticide; each or a plurality of the insecticides are simultaneously subjected to soil treatment or liquid irrigation treatment. The described insecticidal method.   The said decoy plant is arrange | positioned in one or more places chosen from the outside of a crop cultivation field, an entrance / exit, an internal periphery, a fence top, a ridge, a facility cultivation bench bottom, a bench top, and a skylight. The insecticidal method according to 1.   A pest insecticidal device for use in the insecticidal method according to claim 1, wherein a decoy plant imparted with an insecticidal effect on a plant preferred by the pest is planted in a container at the same time or in several types, A pest insecticidal device characterized in that a plurality of pests are simultaneously killed by being arranged in or around the body.   In the insecticidal apparatus according to claim 9, in order to attract and kill insect pests, a yellow, infrared or blue-black light heat source that attracts insects inside or outside the container, yellow or yellow that causes insects to adhere, or A pest attracting insecticide, further comprising a blue adhesive plate or an adhesive film.