CN103283542A - Fruit tree insect prevention technology by aid of covers - Google Patents
Fruit tree insect prevention technology by aid of covers Download PDFInfo
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- CN103283542A CN103283542A CN2013102060854A CN201310206085A CN103283542A CN 103283542 A CN103283542 A CN 103283542A CN 2013102060854 A CN2013102060854 A CN 2013102060854A CN 201310206085 A CN201310206085 A CN 201310206085A CN 103283542 A CN103283542 A CN 103283542A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of disease and insect pest prevention and control for fruit trees, and particularly relates to a fruit tree insect prevention technology by the aid of covers. The fruit tree insect prevention technology is characterized in that according to research findings on fruit setting characteristics of different varieties of fruit trees and activity rules of injurious insects on the fruit trees, when single fruit trees or in-line fruit trees or vast fruit trees which have different fruit setting characteristics and the injurious insects with different activity rules are specifically protected by the covers in proper periods, fruits can be isolated from the injurious insects and are effectively prevented from being harmed by the injurious insects, the photosynthesis of the fruit trees is hardly affected by selected cover materials, obvious influence of the selected cover materials on the temperature and the humidity required by each fruit tree is prevented, and a physical protection layer can be provided for each single fruit tree, the in-line fruit trees or the vast fruit trees; simple supports of the covers comprise upright columns (timber piles or steel tubes) and drawn steel wires, and the covers can be shifted as needed, can be operated easily and conveniently and are economical and durable. The fruit tree insect prevention technology has the advantages that dependence on pesticides for pest control and corresponding pesticide and labor cost input can be greatly reduced for fruit growers, the commodity rate of the fruits is increased, and the safety of the fruits is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree diseases and pests prevention and control technical field, more specifically, relate to a planting fruit-trees shroud Pesticidal technology.
Background technology
Fruit tree pest insect is of a great variety, and the characteristic that causes harm has nothing in common with each other, the brill moth class pest that some reproduction coefficient are high, and the larva live body of eating into base of a fruit worm and trypetid as lichee resides in the fruit, belongs to " zero tolerance " insect, is difficult to control, usually brings heavy losses to production of fruit trees.To this, the producer of present stage is mainly by various chemical means controls, and the various chemical agents of frequent, excessive use, not only improved the drug resistance of various damage by disease and insect, also may kill the natural enemy of insect, simultaneously also may cause the fruit residue of pesticide to exceed standard, pollution of ecological environment, these have all had a strong impact on the sound development of fruit industry.The fruit bagging technology of single fruit or single fringe can be at effective sort this problem out, but in recent years along with the improving constantly of labor cost, the cover bag technique is as a kind of labor-intensive technology, and its popularization is greatly limited.Therefore produce to go up and be badly in need of a kind of simple and efficient and the technical measures of similar bagging completely cut off sick worm fruit tree caused harm the safety in production of realization fruit.For this reason, we have invented fruit tree minimum facility shroud technology, can effectively prevent the above-mentioned fruit insect that attacks.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is the defective that overcomes traditional fruit tree Pesticidal technology, and a planting fruit-trees shroud Pesticidal technology is provided.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
One planting fruit-trees shroud Pesticidal technology, according to the characteristics of bearing fruit of different cultivars fruit tree and pest activity rule when appropriate the phase to individual plant, embark on journey or in flakes fruit tree carry out the shroud protection;
Fruit tree for flowering time is concentrated relatively as lichee, longan, mango, loquat, Calusena lansium, oranges and tangerines etc., begins to carry out the shroud protection in thanking to spend in back 14 days; Flowering time is concentrated relatively to refer to bloom and just can be finished in a time of concentrating relatively, be that example is explained with the Calusena lansium: the florescence of Calusena lansium is the first tenday period of a month in mid or late April to May generally speaking, is about one month, and is time open in three batches substantially, first is open in mid-April, to spend fringe tip flower, second batch open in mid or late April, to spend fringe middle part flower, the 3rd batch open in 5 the first tenday period of a month, the flowers are in blossom puts for flower fringe base portion, though Calusena lansium has three batches to bloom, flowering time is very concentrated.
Bloom or multiple batches of blooming but the unconcentrated fruit tree of flowering time for continuing, as guava, carambola, sugar-apple, dragon fruit, golden fruit etc., carry out simultaneously with blooming owing to bear fruit, thus shroud can be ahead of time to blooming preceding or carry out flowering stage, even can implement permanent shroud.Still to carry out control of insect and the cleaning work in shroud zone before the shroud, the shedding of remnants in the removing garden.Applying pesticide no longer behind the shroud is to guarantee pollinating process, the back placement beehive in cover of blooming, every mu of 1 ~ 2 case.What is called continues to bloom and refers to throughout the year all to bloom continuing, as carambola etc.; Multiple batches of blooming but concentrated fruit tree such as the sugar-apple of flowering time, generally speaking, sugar-apple is bloomed 3 ~ 5 times, but the florescence is concentrated, and sugar-apple all can be bloomed from May to the October in every year.
For the external aggressive insect that migrates, as fruit piercing moth etc., before bearing fruit, fruit tree begins to carry out the shroud protection; For the insect that inhabits within the tree crown, as lichee moth base of a fruit worm, stinkbug silk worm, trypetid etc., need carry out the insect prevention and control before the shroud;
Described cover cover material shading rate is lower than 40%, and described shroud has no adverse effects for the fruit tree quality and yield.
Can be with reference to following requirement when selecting suitable shroud material: (1) bagging material wants quality tough, and mechanicalness is strong, can use repeatedly for many years, even can be used as the infrastructure in permanent orchard.(2) this shroud material can not cause photosynthesis significantly to reduce, but reflecting part sunlight though reduced incident illumination intensity, can produce the diffused light environment in cover, make the comprehensive exposure of tree crown, improves optical energy utilization efficiency.(3) this shroud material need be breathed freely diathermanously, can not produce appreciable impact to temperature and humidity behind the shroud, therefore, even in the summer of sweltering heat, the high temperature of coercing apparently higher than temperature also can not occur.Preferably, described shroud is that shading rate is lower than 40%, adds the white nylon wire of antiaging agent.
The aperture of described nylon wire can be determined according to insect stature size, for lichee base of a fruit moth, preferably use 40 ~ 60 order nylon wires; Select 20 ~ 30 order nylon wires for use for trypetid.
Described nylon wire adopts column (timber or steel pipe) and draws steel wire as the simple rack of orchard shroud, can be shifted according to demand, and is easy and simple to handle, low price.These facilities can forever use.
Before the described shroud, on cultivation management, the supporting tree crown that carries out is pruned, and forces down tree crown and keeps its height that does not go out shroud and scope.
A kind of lichee is nested with Pesticidal technology; in lichee thank spend begin in back 14 days to individual plant, embark on journey or in flakes lichee carry out the shroud protection; the shroud material adopts 40 ~ 60 order nylon fly nets; before the shroud; to the shroud zone spray chrysanthemum ester class, the young urea insecticide that goes out carries out insect and removes and handle, and will spray application to the tree body cella that moth base of a fruit worm often perches during the spray medicine.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) fruit tree shroud Pesticidal technology of the present invention can be individual plant, embark on journey or in flakes fruit tree a physical protection layer is provided, it and insect are isolated, prevent that fruit is subjected to it and causes harm, thereby reduce significantly the dependence of medical treatment insect pest and the input of corresponding medicine and cost of labor, improve fruit commodity rate and safety.The minimum facility of shroud can forever use, and the guard material can be reused for many years.More more laborsaving than single fruit or single fringe cover bag technique.
(2) shroud of the present invention can use repeatedly for many years, saves orchard worker's planting cost.Described shroud can not make the photosynthesis of fruit tree significantly reduce in addition, but reflecting part sunlight though reduced incident illumination intensity, can produce the diffused light environment in cover, make the comprehensive exposure of tree crown, improves optical energy utilization efficiency.Can not produce appreciable impact to temperature and humidity behind the shroud, therefore, even in the summer of sweltering heat, the high temperature of coercing apparently higher than temperature can not occur yet.
Embodiment
Further describe the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment.Employed test method is conventional method if no special instructions among the following embodiment; Employed material, reagent etc. if no special instructions, are reagent and the material that can obtain from commercial channels.
Embodiment 1
Lichee moth base of a fruit worm is the main insect pest of lichee, and therefore, the anti-control techniques of the shroud of lichee is mainly taken all factors into consideration the mechanics of bear fruit rule and the lichee moth base of a fruit worm of lichee.The simple and easy shroud protection of lichee moth base of a fruit worm can be adopted individual plant or fruit tree shroud in blocks, spends the back to begin to carry out the shroud processing 2 weeks in thanking, and the shroud material can adopt 40 ~ 60 order nylon fly nets.Duration of flowering needs honeybee pollination, so unsuitable shroud.Xie Huahou before the shroud, carries out an insect to the shroud zone and removes processing, sprays insecticides such as chrysanthemum ester class, the young urea that goes out, and notes spraying application to the tree body cella that moth base of a fruit worm often perches.
Carry out the test of ' imperial concubine laughs at ' lichee individual plant shroud 4 ~ June in 2010 in dragon Xiang fruit field, Yangxi County, Guangdong.Thank and spend withered bennet residual on the fruit ear of 2 weeks of back to ' imperial concubine laughs at ' lichee or sick wormed fruit and young sprout to clear up, keep the fruit of uniformity, shroud tree body is once sprayed insect-prevention treatment (spraying insecticides such as chrysanthemum ester class, the young urea that goes out).Four direction is used timber respectively in all directions of these plant, support as guard, and according to the tree crown size, be that the square nylon fly net of 60 orders of 4m * 4m * 3m carries out the processing of individual plant shroud with specification.No longer spray any agricultural chemicals behind the shroud, until gathering.When gathering, remove insect preventing net cover, guard clean dry after, take good care of that to wait until next year standby.Result of the test shows: adopt the lichee single plant yield of individual plant shroud fly net technology to reach 42.8 kg, a little more than 39.3 kg of contrast; The moth base of a fruit worm invasion and attack fruit that the individual plant shroud is handled is zero, and commodity fruit rate reaches 99%, and tradition adopts the contrast moth base of a fruit worm recall rate of chemical control technology near 5%, commodity fruit rate only 94.3%.
Case study on implementation 2
2011 ~ 2012 years in employing minimum facility ' imperial concubine laughs at ' shroud processing in flakes of Guangdong Province's Lianjiang beam literary composition general fruit, 1 mu of shroud area, 20 strains.Adopt 50 order nylon guards, two spend the back to come into effect shroud in 2 weeks to handle thanking every year.2011, shroud was handled single plant yield 4.2kg, contrast 3.9kg (this orchard is off year then); Moth base of a fruit worm recall rate shroud is 2%, is 24% and contrast (shroud does not only carry out the conventional cultivation management).2012, it was 44.2kg that shroud is handled single plant yield, and contrast is 28.7kg; Moth base of a fruit worm recall rate shroud is treated to zero, and contrast is 0.53%.
Case study on implementation 3
Base that fruit tree sends out forever, academy of agricultural sciences, Hainan Province in 2012.Adopt minimum facility to ' imperial concubine laughs at ' shroud processing in flakes, about 1 mu of shroud area, 22 strains; Thank and spend back 10 days beginning shrouds to handle, adopt 50 order nylon guards.The single plant yield that shroud is handled is 11.4kg, and contrast (shroud does not only carry out the conventional cultivation management) for 15.9kg, does not reach significance level; And moth base of a fruit worm recall rate, what shroud was handled is zero, and contrast is up to 8%.
Case study on implementation 4
For continuing to bloom or multiple batches of blooming but fruit tree that flowering time is not concentrated, as guava, carambola, sugar-apple, golden fruit etc., carry out simultaneously with blooming owing to bear fruit, so shroud can carry out before blooming ahead of time, even can implement permanent shroud.Still to carry out control of insect and the cleaning work in shroud zone before the shroud, the shedding of remnants in the removing garden.Applying pesticide no longer behind the shroud is to guarantee pollinating process, the back placement beehive in cover of blooming, every mu of 1 ~ 2 case.
Lianjiang carambola ditch farm carambola orchard in 2012.Adopt minimum facility that carambola is in flakes carried out shroud and handle, 500 square metres of shroud areas, the shroud time is September 20, is in second batch this moment the flowers are in blossom to put and just bear fruit, fruit of first flower is at developmental condition.Causing harm of fruit bat, reduce significantly behind the shroud, only has indivedual fruits to be injured.The fruit appearance is bright and clean beautiful, becomes the bright spot of this farm.Shroud has been saved the artificial of a large amount of single fruit baggings.
Claims (7)
1. a planting fruit-trees shroud Pesticidal technology is characterized in that, according to the characteristics of bearing fruit of different cultivars fruit tree and pest activity rule when appropriate the phase to individual plant, embark on journey or in flakes fruit tree carry out the shroud protection;
Fruit tree for flowering time is concentrated relatively begins to carry out the shroud protection in thanking to spend in back 14 days;
For continuing to bloom or multiple batches of blooming but fruit tree that flowering time is not concentrated, blooming preceding or duration of flowering begins to carry out the shroud protection or carries out permanent shroud protection, but the cover domestic demand is put beehive, no longer sprays insecticide behind the shroud;
For the external aggressive insect that migrates, before bearing fruit, fruit tree begins to carry out the shroud protection; For the insect that inhabits within the tree crown, need carry out the insect prevention and control before the shroud;
Described cover cover material shading rate is lower than 40%.
2. according to the described Pesticidal technology of claim 1, it is characterized in that, the fruit tree that described flowering time is concentrated relatively is lichee, longan, mango, loquat, Calusena lansium or oranges and tangerines, describedly continues to bloom or multiple batches of bloom but fruit tree that flowering time is not concentrated is guava, carambola, sugar-apple, dragon fruit or golden fruit; The described external aggressive insect that migrates is fruit piercing moth; The described insect that inhabits within the tree crown is lichee moth base of a fruit worm, stinkbug silk worm or trypetid.
3. according to the described Pesticidal technology of claim 1, it is characterized in that described cover cover material is that shading rate is lower than 40% and add the white nylon wire of antiaging agent.
4. according to the described Pesticidal technology of claim 3, it is characterized in that the aperture of described nylon wire is selected 40 ~ 60 order nylon wires for use for lichee base of a fruit moth; Select 20 ~ 30 order nylon wires for use for trypetid.
5. according to the described Pesticidal technology of claim 3, it is characterized in that described nylon wire adopts timber or steel pipe to be column and to draw steel wire together as the simple rack of orchard shroud.
6. according to the described Pesticidal technology of claim 1, it is characterized in that before the described shroud, on cultivation management, the supporting tree crown that carries out is pruned, and forces down tree crown, keeps its height that does not exceed shroud and scope.
7. a lichee is nested with Pesticidal technology; it is characterized in that; in lichee thank spend begin in back 14 days to individual plant, embark on journey or in flakes lichee carry out the shroud protection; the shroud material adopts 40 ~ 60 orders, shading rate to be lower than 40% and add the nylon fly net of antiaging agent; before the shroud, to the shroud zone spray chrysanthemum ester class, the young urea insecticide that goes out carries out insect and removes and handle.
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| CN2013102060854A CN103283542A (en) | 2013-05-29 | 2013-05-29 | Fruit tree insect prevention technology by aid of covers |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103548629A (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2014-02-05 | 青岛厚科化学有限公司 | Tree insulation, disinsection and insect prevention method |
| CN104255157A (en) * | 2014-09-23 | 2015-01-07 | 北海市东雨农业科技有限公司 | Disease control technology after picking of litchis with chicken mouth-shaped cores |
| CN104521659A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-04-22 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | Arbutus tree pruning method facilitating insect net suspension |
| CN104813887A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-08-05 | 广西大学 | Method for planting carambola |
| CN104885831A (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2015-09-09 | 薛安臣 | Branch net covering technology for preventing diseases and insect pests of fruit tree |
| CN105684811A (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2016-06-22 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所 | Method for producing winter-period fruits of atemoya |
| CN109673347A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-04-26 | 中国农业大学 | The insect-proof net chamber and its mulching and planting method for preventing and treating oriental fruit months and other pests |
| CN109997588A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-07-12 | 山东省百年果蔬有限公司 | Apple pre-harvest treatment method |
| CN114711043A (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-07-08 | 华南农业大学 | Reflective film laying device for fruit trees |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103548629A (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2014-02-05 | 青岛厚科化学有限公司 | Tree insulation, disinsection and insect prevention method |
| CN104255157A (en) * | 2014-09-23 | 2015-01-07 | 北海市东雨农业科技有限公司 | Disease control technology after picking of litchis with chicken mouth-shaped cores |
| CN104255157B (en) * | 2014-09-23 | 2016-08-24 | 北海市东雨农业科技有限公司 | Pest control method after a kind of chicken mouth Fructus Litchi harvesting |
| CN104521659A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-04-22 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | Arbutus tree pruning method facilitating insect net suspension |
| CN104521659B (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2016-09-21 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of Cortex Myricae Rubrae (Cortex Myricae Esculentae) pruning method being easy to hang fly net |
| CN104813887A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-08-05 | 广西大学 | Method for planting carambola |
| CN104885831A (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2015-09-09 | 薛安臣 | Branch net covering technology for preventing diseases and insect pests of fruit tree |
| CN105684811A (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2016-06-22 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所 | Method for producing winter-period fruits of atemoya |
| CN105684811B (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2018-06-29 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所 | A kind of method of pineapple Sakyamuni teletostage fruit production |
| CN109673347A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-04-26 | 中国农业大学 | The insect-proof net chamber and its mulching and planting method for preventing and treating oriental fruit months and other pests |
| CN109997588A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-07-12 | 山东省百年果蔬有限公司 | Apple pre-harvest treatment method |
| CN114711043A (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-07-08 | 华南农业大学 | Reflective film laying device for fruit trees |
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Application publication date: 20130911 |