CN104255157B - Pest control method after a kind of chicken mouth Fructus Litchi harvesting - Google Patents
Pest control method after a kind of chicken mouth Fructus Litchi harvesting Download PDFInfo
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- CN104255157B CN104255157B CN201410491817.3A CN201410491817A CN104255157B CN 104255157 B CN104255157 B CN 104255157B CN 201410491817 A CN201410491817 A CN 201410491817A CN 104255157 B CN104255157 B CN 104255157B
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Abstract
The invention discloses disease prevention techniques after a kind of chicken mouth Fructus Litchi is plucked, mixed as fermentation materials by the marc after using Fructus Litchi and squeezing the juice, inoculate multiple probiotic bacteria to ferment, by fermentation liquid with comprise calcium, ferrum, after the nutritional solution mixing of the trace element such as zinc and magnesium, periodically water in plant root after Fructus Litchi is plucked, on the one hand the nutrient in the soil absorbed can be grown for reasonable supplement Fructus Litchi, improve the fertility of soil, be conducive to the growth of Fructus Litchi, on the other hand the breeding of harmful levels of pathogens in soil can effectively be suppressed, significantly reduce the generation of Fructus Litchi disease, and improve the disease resistance ability of chicken mouth Fructus Litchi plant, reduce the usage amount of pesticide.Additionally, mix by trimming leaf being burned the ashes of gained with a certain amount of bagasse and fermentation filtering residue and be covered in the ground of plant root growth scope, contribute to the safe overwintering of Fructus Litchi, and in soil, slowly supplement nutrient as green organic manure, increase soil fertility.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Fructus Litchi field of planting, particularly relate to pest control method after a kind of chicken mouth Fructus Litchi is plucked.
Background technology
Chicken mouth Fructus Litchi is the favorite a kind of Fructus Litchi of people from North Sea, and the history of existing more than 300 year, because its core is little like Ji Zui, so gaining the name.The litchi fruits of this kind is big, thick tasty and refreshing, the core of meat is little such as pearl, and dry and comfortable after peeling, cannot not drop to the ground viscously sand, and it is good to eat that taste is fresh and sweet, has the biggest Development volue and market prospect.
Fructus Litchi disease pest kind is more, and disease is the most serious with peronospora tabacina, and insect occurs the most universal with Tessaratoma Papillosa Drury, flowers and fruits moth, Eriophyes litchi, looper, sky bovine, wood noth class, a red-spotted lizard class, thrips class, Folium Litchi cecidomyiia etc..Fructus Litchi plantation must keep the skin wet and nutrient to plant after should be specifically noted that reinforcement rich water quality management, especially fruit harvesting in time, and uses certain prevention of damage by disease measure, and the high yield of coming year Fructus Litchi just can be effectively ensured.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide pest control method after a kind of chicken mouth Fructus Litchi is plucked, by watering the mixotrophism liquid utilizing Fructus Litchi and marc fermentation to obtain after chicken mouth Fructus Litchi is plucked in plant root, supplement in soil and Fructus Litchi is grown useful microorganism and trace element, strengthen the resistance against diseases of chicken mouth Fructus Litchi.
It is a further object of the invention to provide after a kind of chicken mouth Fructus Litchi is plucked and include pruning clear garden, medical treatment and the pest control method of the cold-proof system protecting tree.
The technical scheme is that
Pest control method after a kind of chicken mouth Fructus Litchi harvesting, wherein,
After chicken mouth Fructus Litchi is plucked, mixotrophism liquid is watered in plant root, described mixotrophism liquid is mixed by fermentation liquid 80-100 weight portion and nutritional solution 1-5 weight portion and forms, wherein said fermentation liquid is obtained by Fructus Litchi and marc mixed fermentation, and described nutritional solution comprises the component of following weight portion: potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3-0.4, calcium bicarbonate 0.3-0.4, magnesium sulfate 0.05-0.1, ferrous sulfate 0.05-0.08, zinc sulfate 0.01-0.03 and water 900-1000；
Additionally, further comprising the steps of:
Step one, prune clear garden, Fructus Litchi carries out rational pruning to plant after plucking, and retains sun branch, strong branch and well-grown horizontal branch, wipes out intersection branch, overstocked branch, bending branch, small and weak branch and has disease branch and leaf, and burn after the branch and leaf wiped out are cleaned out garden, burn gained ashes and retain standby；
Step 2, to plant foliage-spray for preventing and treating the pesticide of chicken mouth Fructus Litchi disease, and irrigate after plant root waters described mixotrophism liquid 5-7 days；
Step 3, cold-proof protect tree, after again irrigating 5-7 days at the beginning of 11 months, after branch and leaf being burned gained ashes, bagasse and preparing described filtering fermentation liquor after the mixing of gained filtering residue equal-volume, be covered in the ground of plant root growth scope.
Preferably, after described chicken mouth Fructus Litchi harvesting in pest control method, the preparation of described fermentation liquid comprises the following steps:
Step one, will disease-free Fructus Litchi rub after squeeze the juice with Fructus Litchi after gained marc equal-volume mix also steaming and decocting 20-30min, as solid fermentation material；
Step 2, described solid fermentation material is mixed according to 1:1-2 mass ratio with water after add in fermentation tank, carry out, in 28-35 DEG C, the 5-7d that ferments after inoculating lactobacillus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus bifidus and streptococcus thermophilus, obtain mixed fermentation product；
Step 3, being filtered by gained mixed fermentation product, gained filtrate is described fermentation liquid, and gained filtering residue dries standby.
Preferably, after described chicken mouth Fructus Litchi harvesting in pest control method, after step 2 first carries out 2-3 days anaerobic fermentations, then 3-4 days aerobic fermentations are carried out until having fermented.
Preferably, after described chicken mouth Fructus Litchi harvesting in pest control method, in step 2, water used is the sterilized water that described chicken mouth Fructus Litchi place of production subsoil water obtains through microporous fibre element membrane filtration, and wherein the aperture of microporous fibre element filter membrane used is 0.15-0.5 micron.
Preferably, after described chicken mouth Fructus Litchi harvesting in pest control method, after chicken mouth Fructus Litchi is plucked to carry out at the beginning of 11 months cold-proof protect tree during, every 20-25 days plant carried out mixed once nutritional solution pouring, and irrigates after 5-7 days in pouring mixotrophism liquid every time.
Preferably, after described chicken mouth Fructus Litchi harvesting in pest control method, in step 2, the pesticide for foliage-spray can be the 1-3 kind in charcoal 800 times of liquid of epidemic disease spirit wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder, 400 times of liquid of disease of going out prestige, 800 1000 times of liquid of dicofol of 20% or 1000 times of liquid of 40% Rogor.
nullThe method have the advantages that first，Mixed as fermentation materials by the marc after using Fructus Litchi and squeezing the juice，The multiple probiotic bacteria being inoculated with helping Fructus Litchi growth ferments，Gained fermentation liquid does not contain only abundant probiotic bacteria，And the various nutrient elements needed for growing containing Fructus Litchi，By calcium will be comprised、Ferrum、The nutritional solution of the trace element such as zinc and magnesium periodically waters in plant root after mixing with certain proportion with fermentation liquid，The nutrient in the soil absorbed can be grown for reasonable supplement Fructus Litchi，Improve the fertility of soil，So that Fructus Litchi plant is healthy and strong，Safe overwintering，And can inoculate in soil and comprise the beneficial microbe such as lactic acid bacteria and bacillus subtilis in a large number，These probiotic bacterias are made to become the dominant microflora in soil，On the one hand the growth of Fructus Litchi is conducive to，On the other hand the breeding of harmful levels of pathogens in soil can effectively be suppressed，Thus it is substantially reduced the generation of Fructus Litchi disease，And improve the disease resistance ability of chicken mouth Fructus Litchi plant，Reduce the usage amount of pesticide.
Additionally, mix by trimming leaf being burned the ashes of gained with a certain amount of bagasse and fermentation filtering residue and be covered in the ground of plant root growth scope, on the one hand there is certain breathability and moisture retention, contribute to the safe overwintering of Fructus Litchi, on the other hand nutrient slowly can be supplemented in soil as green organic manure, increase soil fertility, and containing abundant probiotic bacteria in the filtering residue that ferments, there is suppression harmful levels of pathogens growth and contribute to the dual function of Fructus Litchi growth.
Detailed description of the invention
Below the present invention is elaborated, to make those of ordinary skill in the art can implement according to this after referring to this specification.
Pest control method after a kind of chicken mouth Fructus Litchi harvesting, wherein,
After chicken mouth Fructus Litchi is plucked, mixotrophism liquid is watered in plant root, described mixotrophism liquid is mixed by fermentation liquid 80-100 weight portion and nutritional solution 1-5 weight portion and forms, wherein said fermentation liquid is obtained by Fructus Litchi and marc mixed fermentation, and described nutritional solution comprises the component of following weight portion: potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3-0.4, calcium bicarbonate 0.3-0.4, magnesium sulfate 0.05-0.1, ferrous sulfate 0.05-0.08, zinc sulfate 0.01-0.03 and water 900-1000；
Additionally, further comprising the steps of:
Step one, pruning clear garden, Fructus Litchi carries out rational pruning to plant after plucking, and rule is to be trimmed to nature globular model tree crown, cultivates emphatically 34 major branches so that it is that the male character types in Chinese operas, usu. referring tov the bearded character degree is suitable, be evenly distributed.During pruning, reservation sun branch, strong branch and well-grown horizontal branch, wipe out intersection branch, overstocked branch, bending branch, small and weak branch and have disease branch and leaf, is prevented effectively from disease breeding and survives the winter, and the branch and leaf wiped out clean out burning behind garden, burns gained ashes and retain standby；
Step 2, to plant foliage-spray for preventing and treating the pesticide of chicken mouth Fructus Litchi disease, the mode that can take spraying carries out foliage-spray, after spraying pesticide 2-3 days, described mixotrophism liquid is watered in plant root, within 5-7 days, nutritional solution to be mixed is fully infiltrated into soil, and after wherein probiotic bacteria is tentatively fixed, overall watering is irrigated in garden, supplement the large quantity of moisture needed for Fructus Litchi growth；
Step 3, cold-proof protect tree, after again irrigating 5-7 days at the beginning of 11 months, after branch and leaf being burned gained ashes, bagasse and preparing described filtering fermentation liquor after the mixing of gained filtering residue equal-volume, be covered in the ground of plant root growth scope.On the one hand soil is played moisture-keeping function, on the other hand Fructus Litchi root system is played cold-proof effect, contribute to the safe overwintering of Fructus Litchi, in soil, slowly supplement nutrient at the same time as green organic manure, increase soil fertility.From chicken mouth Fructus Litchi pluck after to carry out at the beginning of 11 months cold-proof protect tree during, every 20-25 days plant carried out mixed once nutritional solution pouring, and irrigate after 5-7 days in pouring mixotrophism liquid every time comprehensively, ensure the adequate water needed for Fructus Litchi growth, and repeatedly probiotic supplemented, ensure in soil that probiotic bacteria is had the advantage flora state, effectively suppress the breeding of disease.
After described chicken mouth Fructus Litchi harvesting in pest control method, the preparation of described fermentation liquid comprises the following steps:
Step one, disease-free Fructus Litchi pulverizer is rubbed after, after squeezing the juice with Fructus Litchi, gained marc equal-volume is mixed be incorporated in 100-120 DEG C of steaming and decocting 20-30min after, cool to standby as solid fermentation material after room temperature；
Step 2, described solid fermentation material is mixed according to 1:1-2 mass ratio with water after add in fermentation tank, inoculation contains lactobacillus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus bifidus and the seed liquor of streptococcus thermophilus and carries out, in 28-35 DEG C, the 5-7d that ferments respectively, obtain mixed fermentation product, the access amount of every kind of probiotic bacteria seed liquor is respectively the 3-8% of fermentation material weight, and in seed liquor, the viable count of probiotic bacteria is more than or equal to 1 × 106cfu/g.Sweat is anaerobic and aerobic mixed fermentation, is first sealed by fermentation tank after carrying out 2-3 days anaerobic fermentations, aseptically repeatedly stirs fermentation materials, carry out 3-4 days aerobic fermentations, until having fermented.
Step 3, by gained mixed fermentation product use XTZL-Ф 260/ Ф 200 vacuum filter, aperture is that the cotton synthetic fibre filter cloth of 0.3-0.5mm filters, and gained filtrate is described fermentation liquid, and gained filtering residue dries standby.
After described chicken mouth Fructus Litchi harvesting in pest control method, in step 2, water used is the sterilized water that described chicken mouth Fructus Litchi place of production subsoil water obtains through microporous fibre element membrane filtration, and wherein the aperture of microporous fibre element filter membrane used is 0.15-0.5 micron.As chicken mouth Fructus Litchi main product ground, abundant mineral needed for growing rich in chicken mouth Fructus Litchi in its subsoil water, is more suitable for the growth of chicken mouth Fructus Litchi, after filtering with microporous membrane than other water sources or pure water, in water, miscellaneous bacteria is filtered removal, and the several mineral materials in water is retained.
After described chicken mouth Fructus Litchi harvesting in pest control method, in step 2, the pesticide for foliage-spray can be the 1-3 kind in charcoal 800 times of liquid of epidemic disease spirit wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder, 400 times of liquid of disease of going out prestige, 800 1000 times of liquid of dicofol of 20% or 1000 times of liquid of 40% Rogor, foliage-spray can be carried out several times respectively with aerosol apparatus, spray time interval more than 5 days every time, and and mixotrophism liquid watering time be spaced more than 7 days.Further, it is also possible to be aided with physical control, frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp can be used to trap and kill, every 1 hectare 2-4 small cup frequency trembler lamps is installed.
Although embodiment of the present invention are disclosed as above, but it is not restricted in description and embodiment listed utilization, it can be applied to various applicable the field of the invention completely, for those skilled in the art, it is easily achieved other amendment, therefore, under the general concept limited without departing substantially from claim and equivalency range, the present invention is not limited to specific details.
Claims (5)
1. pest control method after a chicken mouth Fructus Litchi is plucked, it is characterised in that
After chicken mouth Fructus Litchi is plucked, watering mixotrophism liquid in plant root, described mixotrophism liquid is by fermenting
Liquid 80-100 weight portion and nutritional solution 1-5 weight portion mixing composition, wherein said fermentation liquid is by Fructus Litchi
And marc mixed fermentation obtains, the preparation of described fermentation liquid comprises the following steps: by disease-free litchi
After skin is squeezed the juice with Fructus Litchi after rubbing, gained marc equal-volume mixes and steaming and decocting 20-30min, as solid fermentation
Material；Add after described solid fermentation material is mixed according to 1:1-2 mass ratio with water in fermentation tank, inoculation
Ferment in 28-35 DEG C after lactobacillus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus bifidus and streptococcus thermophilus
5-7d, obtains mixed fermentation product；Being filtered by gained mixed fermentation product, gained filtrate is described
Fermentation liquid, gained filtering residue dries standby；
Described nutritional solution comprises the component of following weight portion: potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3-0.4, calcium bicarbonate
0.3-0.4, magnesium sulfate 0.05-0.1, ferrous sulfate 0.05-0.08, zinc sulfate 0.01-0.03 and water 900-1000；
Additionally, further comprising the steps of:
Step one, pruning clear garden, Fructus Litchi carries out rational pruning to plant after plucking, and retains sun branch, strong branch
And well-grown horizontal branch, wipe out intersection branch, overstocked branch, bending branch, small and weak branch and have disease branch and leaf,
And burn after the branch and leaf wiped out are cleaned out garden, burn gained ashes and retain standby；
Step 2, to plant foliage-spray for preventing and treating the pesticide of chicken mouth Fructus Litchi disease, and water in plant root
Fill described mixotrophism liquid to irrigate after 5-7 days；
Step 3, cold-proof protect tree, after again irrigating 5-7 days at the beginning of 11 months, branch and leaf are burned gained
Ashes, bagasse and after preparing described filtering fermentation liquor after the mixing of gained filtering residue equal-volume, be covered in plant root
It is the ground of growth scope.
2. pest control method after chicken mouth Fructus Litchi as claimed in claim 1 is plucked, it is characterised in that institute
State after the preparation of fermentation liquid first carries out 2-3 days anaerobic fermentations, then carry out 3-4 days aerobic fermentations until fermenting
Complete.
3. pest control method after chicken mouth Fructus Litchi as claimed in claim 1 is plucked, it is characterised in that institute
Stating water used in the preparation of fermentation liquid is that described chicken mouth Fructus Litchi place of production subsoil water is through microporous fibre element membrane filtration
The sterilized water obtained, wherein the aperture of microporous fibre element filter membrane used is 0.15-0.5 micron.
4. pest control method after chicken mouth Fructus Litchi as claimed in claim 1 is plucked, it is characterised in that from
Chicken mouth Fructus Litchi pluck after to carry out at the beginning of 11 months cold-proof protect tree during, every 20-25 days, plant is carried out once
Mixotrophism liquid waters, and irrigates after 5-7 days in pouring mixotrophism liquid every time.
5. pest control method after chicken mouth Fructus Litchi as claimed in claim 1 is plucked, it is characterised in that step
In rapid two, the pesticide for foliage-spray is charcoal 800 times of liquid of epidemic disease spirit wettable powder, 50% thiophanate methyl can
1000 times of liquid of WP, 400 times of liquid of disease of going out prestige, 800 1000 times of liquid of dicofol or 40% of 20%
1-3 kind in 1000 times of liquid of Rogor.
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