JP2014126561A - Decontamination method for reducing and decontaminating forest tree volume successively and in cascading manner while recycling contaminated material - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for decontaminating the farm and the forest which are contaminated with cesium by the explosion of the atomic bomb so that a restoration of the agriculture and forestry is made difficult, reducing the storage amount to a possible level, minimizing an intermediate storage processing space which is the maximum difficulty of the decontamination project, and suppressing devastation of the radiated farm contaminated and devastated by weeds and injurious insects as much as possible, and a flow thereof.SOLUTION: The method for reducing and decontaminating forest trees successively and in a cascading manner is provided in which a corrosion layer of the forest extremely contaminated with cesium is eliminated and decontaminated, and a trunk of the tree grown there is made into chips to be mulched. Contaminated leaves, branches, and barks are burned or fermented, and contaminants are concentrated and reduced in volume. Consequently, the difficulty of securing an intermediate storage site is alleviated, and heated water of a low temperature is obtained by combustion heat so as to dry the chips at the low temperature. An allelopathy component for suppressing weeds and injurious insects is extracted from sap which is collected at the lower temperature drying time and given to the farm until tillage is implemented, thereby facilitating the restoration of the agriculture.

Description

  The present invention collects contaminated forest trees and surface corrosive layers, and reduces the volume by burning or methane fermentation in order to make the cesium-contaminated agricultural and forested land after the nuclear accident live. Contaminated farmland while decontaminating and recovering sap components in the process and supplying untreated agricultural land that cannot be cultivated as a chemical to prevent weeds and pests from being devastated openly The present invention relates to a decontamination method for reducing the volume of forest trees.

  Until now, there has been no presentation on the decontamination method for reducing the volume of forest trees that sequentially and continuously decontaminate contaminated farmland, but it has been presented individually for decontamination and volume reduction treatment.

Individual decontamination methods include a method of physically classifying and separating cesium adsorbed on fine clayey materials, and a method of separating using aqueous solution or chemical solution. In addition, for forests, a volume reduction technique has been proposed for fermenting the plant matter of topsoil corrosive layers and separating clay sludge adsorbed with cesium. However, even if a technical method for separating and decontaminating cesium is presented, the decontamination rate is not 100%, and it is not enough to revitalize the field and revitalize the farming itself. The situation in which Shigeru promotes further devastation continues. In addition, when the corrosive layer is removed, the exposed topsoil is eroded by rainfall and causes the surface to collapse.
The present invention focuses on the fact that the current decontamination technology cannot be decontaminated until it can be reconstructed, and as a result, the farmland becomes a plowed field, and weeds grow and are difficult to recover. There are allelopathies such as phenol antioxidants, phytoncides, etc. that repel or suppress pests in tree essential oil and suppress plant growth, and that can be obtained efficiently in the process of chipping the trunk and drying it It is noted that mulching the chip with a thickness of about 10 cm has the effect of protecting the biological habitat environment on the ground surface and preventing surface runoff. Also, the cesium released during the Fukushima nuclear disaster adheres to the leaves and bark of the trees, and then they fall off to form a corrosive layer. Select the corroded and fallen corroded layer and the tree skin. It has been found that decontamination can reduce the volume of decontaminated products. In the present invention, cesium absorbed from the root passes through vascular bundles and conduits near the trunk surface, but most of the cesium is present in the plant opal, which is mica in the plant body, and there is a slight amount inside the trunk. Focuses on not existing.
During this period, the inventor explored the decontamination method with Eisaku Katayama, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba University, and cesium was adsorbed on mica fine particles, and a large amount of cesium was adsorbed on the plant opal that is glassy in the plant. It has been confirmed that Professor Eisaku Katayama reveals. For this reason, in mountain forests, cesium is present on the surface of leaves and stems with plant opal, and the cesium after defoliation is present in the corrosive layer. It has become clear that this is the basic issue of deforestation.
When weeds grow in the fields, the seeds fall, and it takes time and effort to recover, making recovery difficult. The contaminated fields are cultivated because they cannot cultivate crops that can be sold, and weeds grow, making recovery more difficult. However, the soil of this field is clayey, and it has been clarified that cesium firmly fixed to the clay does not release easily, and the cesium that has fallen into the field firmly adheres to the surface clay, Not moving. Applicant Shimokawa confirmed that only a depth of 1 cm or less was contaminated. Even in a contaminated field, in Fukushima, it is possible to recover from cesium contamination by removing contaminated soil close to the surface layer, and if weed weed growth before the recovery is suppressed, the speed of agricultural recovery can be greatly improved. .

There are no patents that use forest materials for agricultural recovery.

About allelopathies of plant essential oils, phenolic antioxidants, and phytoncides, there is a publication by Fragrance Journal, "Plant aroma and sex activity" written by Mitsutoshi Yadakai. As for plant opal, there is a research presentation by Eisaku Katayama et al. “Practical decontamination system for radiation-contaminated soil and forests and wilderness (decontamination methods and issues focusing on plant opal).

An object of the present invention is to provide a forest wood volume reduction decontamination method that sequentially and repeatedly decontaminates contaminated sites in view of the above-described conventional drawbacks.
In the current stage of forest decontamination, a method has been implemented in which trees are cut and the surface corrosive layer is removed and stored as they are, and combustion reduction is being considered for volume reduction.
If the surface corrosive layer contaminated with cesium is stripped, the interference layer against the rain will be lost, and the topsoil runoff due to the rain will not be prevented, resulting in a risk of erosion. In addition, the volume of felled trees is being considered for volume reduction by combustion, but a large amount of fuel is required, and the burning of felled trees promotes warming as a result, even though the fuel is a carbon-neutral material. Increase carbon dioxide in the short term. The limited storage location promotes combustion volume reduction and promotes short-term excess carbon dioxide emissions. On the other hand, the farmland that is the basis of agricultural life is left until it is completely decontaminated because there is no effective means, and weeds grow and make recovery difficult.
The present invention suppresses the devastation of farmland due to weeds and pests so that agricultural production activities can be restored quickly while proceeding with decontamination, so that the forest land can be decontaminated while preserving the national land. It is an ecological forest tree volume reduction decontamination method that utilizes the characteristics and components of the environment and uses the energy and operating energy in a circulating manner.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is a method of stripping a corrosive layer and mulching it with a felling tree tree trunk chip material (constituent requirement of [Claim 1]) and drying it in the process of making a tree trunk chip. Extract allelopathic components for controlling weeds and pests from sap components generated in the sap and administer them to the farmland where they are temporarily left (constituent requirement of [Claim 2]). Consists of a decontamination method for reducing the volume of forest timber that is decontaminated sequentially.

As is clear from the above description, the present invention has the following effects.
(1) Claim (1) manufactures chips with the trunk of the felled tree and mulch the chips on the ground surface from which the corrosive layer has been removed. It will protect and cover the underground ecosystem, and it will be a physical buffer, and it will be possible to suppress the scattering of sediments caused by wind and rain. Therefore, the contaminated trees in the forest can be cleared extensively and the decontamination rate can be greatly increased. The amount of work and storage can be minimized, and the biggest obstacle to decontamination work can be removed.

(2) According to (1), the mulching material is biodegraded and does not adversely affect the local ecosystem. It is also possible to add mulching material after decomposition, which is beneficial for securing good soil for reconstruction. The forest can be regenerated by afforestation or sprouting. Furthermore, since the trunk is not burned, carbon dioxide with a high warming effect is not released temporarily and suddenly.

(3) Claim 2 suppresses disturbance by weeds and insects in farmland that cannot be reached, and is biodegraded and free from chemical contamination. Can move. Thus, it is a necessary and reasonable structure to decontaminate the forest and restore agriculture. The social effects of decontamination for agricultural reconstruction are realized with the configuration of (1) to (3).

  It is a functional block diagram for clarifying the significance of the present invention.   It is a flowchart explaining this invention.

Mode for carrying out the present invention

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

Functional block diagram 1

  FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of decontamination processing that characterizes the significance of the present invention. 1. Contaminated corrosive material There is a bark portion 4 that has been stripped d, contaminated leaves 3 collected and peeled c, and a low-concentration tree trunk portion 5 that is not contaminated or does not exceed the regulation value. Contaminated corrosives 2 and leaves 3 are combustion g or fermentation treatment e, and bark 4 is combustion g, reduced to sludge 8 or ash 9 respectively, and reduced in volume to a relatively high concentration. Some sludge 8 and ash 9 are transferred to an intermediate storage facility 10. The low-concentration trunk portion 5 that is not contaminated or does not exceed the regulation value is converted into chips, dried at low temperature, and the sap water 14 is recovered. The dried chip 13 is returned to the pile and covered with mulching j. Vegetation can be maintained without the mountains being eroded by wind and rain. On the other hand, the sap water 14 collected during drying contains allelopathies that suppress plant growth or repel pests, and can be extracted. Drying h that does not increase the temperature or that depends on mechanical means can avoid thermal denaturation of these components, and thus can maintain the allelopathic function as it is. By spreading this on the contaminated field 15, the devastation of the field until tillage is controlled. Here, the low temperature drying h includes a mechanical treatment method for recovering the sap water 14 by vacuum suction or the like at a high temperature and an internal temperature.

Implementation flow chart

    FIG. 2 is a flow chart for carrying out the present invention, in which standing trees contaminated with cesium are cut a, bark 4 and branches are in hot water supply boiler 17, leaf 3 and corrosive are in methane fermentation tank 7 or hot water supply boiler. The ash 9 that has been combusted and reduced to a high concentration and the sludge 8 that has been concentrated and reduced in the methane fermentation tank 7 are stored in a container 16 such as a drum can that can be maintained and stored. Transfer to storage facility 10. The trunk portion 5 that is not contaminated or does not exceed the regulation value is converted into a chip 11, converted into a dry chip 13 and returned to the mountain 1, covering the top soil as the mulching material 20, and preventing the runoff of the mountain soil. Moreover, in the drying chamber 12, the sap water 14 containing essential oil is collect | recovered with the condenser 18 or a vacuum suction machine, allelopathic essential oil is extracted, and it disperse | distributes to the farmland 15 which cannot be cultivated, and the devastation by a weed and a pest is suppressed. These essential oils biodegrade and do not adversely affect the environment. The logging a and the corrosion layer peeling d in the mountain 1 become the forest decontamination b, and the mulching material 20 holds the topsoil. The volume is reduced to ash 9 and sludge 8 by combustion in the hot water supply boiler 17 and treatment in the fermenter 7. The agricultural land is sprayed with the allelopathic component 19 in the sap water generated by chip drying, so that weed pests are suppressed and prepared for resuming farming.

Agricultural land contamination depth measurement table

Table 1 shows the measurement values of the radiation dose (cpm) of radioactive material at a depth of 1 cm in a clay field in the Oshikama district of Haramachi-ku, Minamisoma-shi. An empty can of 13 cm depth was struck into a paddy field, and the collected soil was scraped at a depth of 1 cm, and each radiation dose (cpm) was measured and recorded. According to this, it is 1 cm or less that is contaminated. This is pointed out by Professor Kodama of the Institute of Medical Science at the University of Tokyo, supporting the notion that cesium is tightly bound to clay, and Prof. Eisaku Katayama, Chiba University, proved its mechanism with an electron micrograph. It has been elucidated by the binding form of cesium. If the farmland is not deeply disturbed by the roots of the weeds until it starts farming work, it shows the possibility that it can be decontaminated with a surface soil of about 1 cm near the surface layer and head for agricultural reconstruction. In other words, weed control of weeds is the key to the recovery of cesium-contaminated farmland.

Experimental data (table) showing the drying speed of the trunk drying room

Table 2 shows the change in moisture content and the amount of lateral strain when a cedar board that has just been cut from 10 to 50 mm in thickness is dried at a low temperature of 42 to 45 ° C. The cedar wood having a water content of 60% or more becomes 25% or less except for the fourth sample after 2 days, and the sample number 1.2.3.5 is 15% or less. When it is made into chips, it is dried in less than 45 ° C. in 2 days.
It means that sap water can be easily obtained by drying without raising the temperature, that is, by evaporating at a low temperature in the drying chamber and condensing the evaporated water. Since the temperature is close to room temperature, the components are not thermally denatured, indicating that allelopathies that suppress weeds and insects can be extracted.

    The present invention decontaminates the most contaminated forest, suppresses agricultural land devastation caused by weeds, etc., and reduces the volume of decontaminated contaminants (leaves, branches, barks, corrosive layers) contaminated with cesium. Proceed with the decontamination method to reduce the volume of forest timber, which is sent to the intermediate storage facility, and at the same time supports the development of the environment for agricultural reconstruction by suppressing weed devastation until the agricultural revitalization Used in industries that manufacture equipment and employ workers.

1: mountain, 2: corrosive layer, 3: leaf, 4: bark, 5: trunk, 6: warm water, 7: fermenter, 8: sludge, 9: ash, 10: intermediate storage facility, 11: before drying Chips: 12: drying chamber, 13: drying chips, 14: sap water, 15: farmland, 16: containers such as drums, 17: hot water boiler, 18: condenser, 19: allelopathic component, 20: mulching material, 21 : Hot water a: logging, b: collection, c: skin peeling, d: stripping, e: methane fermentation, f: chipping, g: combustion, h: low temperature drying, i: condensation, k: component extraction, m Scattering B: Forest decontamination, B: Volume reduction management, C: Farmland weed and pest control management

Claims (2)

Decontamination operation method of stripping the corrosive layer and mulching it with the chip material of the felling tree trunk
Decontamination method for reducing the volume of forest timber by sequentially and repeatedly decontaminating contaminated areas     Operation method to extract allelopathic components for weed control and pest control from sap components that are dried in the process of chipping into tree trunks, and to administer them temporarily to agricultural land

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