CN104025864A - Method for improving cadmium-contaminated orchard soil restoring ability of shepherd's purse by aid of hyperaccumulation plants - Google Patents
Method for improving cadmium-contaminated orchard soil restoring ability of shepherd's purse by aid of hyperaccumulation plants Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the cadmium-contaminated orchard soil restoring ability of shepherd's purse by the aid of hyperaccumulation plants, and belongs to the field of restoration for environments contaminated by heavy metal. The method includes steps of directly applying cut stalks of eclipta alba into soil in autumn, directly transplanting shepherd's purse seedlings or directly broadcasting seeds to prepare shepherd's purse seedlings; watering field soil to guarantee the water retention capacity of 80%, and performing daily management on the shepherd's purse; harvesting root systems and above-ground portions of the shepherd's purse after 35 days. Each directly transplanted shepherd's purse seedling has two pairs of spread true leaves. The stalkss of the eclipta alba are applied to the soil, so that the cadmium extraction quantity of the unit area of the integral shepherd's purse can be increased by 20.5% by the aid of the method as compared with a non-application (contrast) method. The method has the advantages of low cost, high operability, environmental friendliness and capability of effectively restoring orchards contaminated by cadmium which is heavy metal.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the reparation field of Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Environments, a kind of shepherd's purse is repaired cadmium pollution field, orchard.
Background technology
Scientific and technical fast development since 20th century, promoted expanding economy, improved the people's living standard, yet, meanwhile, due to the use of discharge, wastewater irrigation and the agricultural chemicals of Industrial " three Waste " motor-vehicle tail-gas, weed killer herbicide, chemical fertilizer etc. and the development of mining industry, soil, water quality and atmosphere have seriously been polluted.And the pollution of the cadmium (Cd) of one of heavy metal " five poisonous creatures: scorpion, viper, centipede, house lizard, toad " in environment has the features such as disguise, chronicity and irreversibility, in soil, the holdup time is grown, can not be degraded, and through approach such as food chains, finally affects human health, affects very large." cadmium rice " event is caused by cadmium pollution because of soil.Therefore, cadmium pollution soil is badly in need of being governed.China will start heavy metal pollution and plough repair comprehensive regulation work in this year, the Ministry of Agriculture advocate according to " suit measures to local conditions, government guidance, peasant voluntarily, income do not subtract " basic ideas, scientific and reasonable definite technology path supplementary measures.At present heavy metal phytoremediation technology be generally considered there is physics, advantage that chemical repair method is incomparable, as cheap in expense, not damage field ground structure, do not cause secondary pollution etc., become an emerging technology in repairing heavy metal in soil Pollution Study field.The super enriching plant of having found has: the kinds more than 450 such as Indian mustard, penny cress, ciliate desert-grass.Because known super enriching plant the upperground part biomass is generally less than normal, growth is slow, and much derives from heavy metal mine (belonging to Mine ecology type), poor to orchard soil adaptive capacity to environment, growth scope is narrow, has limited applying of phytoremediation technology.
Shepherd's purse (Latin is called Capsella bursapastoris (L.) Medic.) is drafted a document this therophytes for Cruciferae shepherd's purse, plant height 20-50cm, cold resistance is strong, fertility is strong, and growth cycle is short, easily propagate, have a very wide distribution, adaptable.Because the biomass of shepherd's purse own is relatively little, and cadmium content is relatively low, and the ability that how to improve the pollution of shepherd's purse reparation orchard soil cadmium metal is the problem that we face and will solve at present.
Summary of the invention
The object of example of the present invention is to provide a kind of soil application enriching plant stalk to improve the method that shepherd's purse is repaired orchard cadmium pollution soil ability, is intended to further improve the ability that shepherd's purse is repaired orchard cadmium pollution soil.
In order to realize foregoing invention object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
Use enriching plant and improve the method that shepherd's purse is repaired orchard cadmium pollution soil ability, comprise the following steps:
Autumn, the Eclipta prostrata stalk after shredding is directly applied in the orchard soil of cadmium heavy metal pollution, directly transplants the shepherd's purse seedling that two true leaves launch, or adopt seed directly the mode of broadcasting sowing carry out the preparation of shepherd's purse seedling;
Water and guarantee that field soil moisture water-holding capacity is 80%, carries out the daily management of shepherd's purse;
Harvesting is processed: after 35 days, the root system of shepherd's purse and acrial part are gathered in.
As selection, adopt the method for direct transplanting method preparation plant seedlings as follows:
Under natural conditions, the stalk that Eclipta prostrata is dried shreds the orchard soil that applies cadmium heavy metal pollution to length 0.5 ± 0.02cm, then by the shepherd's purse children seedling direct transplantation collecting in the middle of soil, planting density is 5 * 5cm.
As selection, the method that seed sowing mode is prepared seedling is as follows:
Under field conditions (factors), the stalk that Eclipta prostrata is dried shreds the orchard soil that applies cadmium heavy metal pollution to length 0.5 ± 0.02cm, then the shepherd's purse seed collecting is directly seeded in to orchard soil, and seedling grows rear even seedling, and density is controlled at 5 * 5cm.
As selection, described daily management comprises even seedling, weeds a garden.
The present invention program utilizes the allelopathy soil application Eclipta prostrata of plant can improve the cadmium extracted amount of shepherd's purse.Allelopathy (Allelopthy) refers to the biochemical allelopathy that chemical substance that each Plants (comprising microorganism) discharges causes, also someone is referred to as allelopathy or restriction or checking relation in five elements interpromoting relation in five elements, is the ubiquitous a kind of phenomenon of natural world.It is present among agricultural ecosystem widely, with plant to form together with the competition in light, moisture, nutrient and space between plant and and other biological between interaction.Along with interpenetrating between subjects and exchanging; research allelopathy contributes to more reasonably to explain the phenomenon such as plant composition and distribution, the succession of community, coevolution and biotic intrusion in the ecosystem, has higher using value aspect agricultural sustainable development and ecological environmental protection.Allelochemical is mainly derived from the secondary metabolite of plant, releaser after the product that microorganism is further decomposed or plant tissue corruption, as Barley straw is dropped in water, it can discharge the chemical substance that suppresses algal grown after rotting, thereby demonstrates algistatic activity.
The inventor thinks after deliberation, farmland weed as a class artificial with natural selection dual-pressure under the height that the produces plant group of evolving, conventionally there is the vitality of adaptability, tanacity widely, larger biomass and stronger absorbing capacity.Therefore, if can filter out some kinds from farmland weed, can produce corresponding allelochemical, promote the landfill amount of cadmium enriching plant, can make up existing cadmium enriching plant poor growth, the short and small shortcoming of plant.Thus, the application show that soil application Eclipta prostrata can improve the cadmium extracted amount of shepherd's purse after deliberation.
Shepherd's purse in the method for a kind of soil application cadmium enriching plant stalk raising shepherd's purse reparation provided by the invention orchard cadmium pollution soil ability is that composite family shepherd's purse belongs to annual herb plant, is a kind of cadmium enriching plant of autumn and winter season growth; Eclipta prostrata is composite family Eclipta prostrata platymiscium, is a kind of cadmium enriching plant of growth in summer.The present invention takes full advantage of Allelopathic Effect in Plants and improves the characteristic of accumulation of shepherd's purse to heavy metal cadmium, Eclipta prostrata stalk is applied in orchard soil, plant again shepherd's purse, improve shepherd's purse and extract the heavy metal cadmium in contaminated soil, when acrial part forms certain biomass, whole strain harvesting, thus reach the cadmium extracted amount that soil application Eclipta prostrata stalk improves shepherd's purse unit are, improve the object that shepherd's purse is repaired orchard soil cadmium pollution ability.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Use enriching plant and improve the method that shepherd's purse is repaired orchard cadmium pollution soil ability, comprise the following steps:
In the Eclipta prostrata stalk after shredding being directly manured into soil autumn, directly transplant the shepherd's purse seedling that two true leaves launch, or adopt seed directly the mode of broadcasting sowing carry out the preparation of shepherd's purse seedling;
Water and guarantee that field soil moisture water-holding capacity is 80%, carry out the daily management of shepherd's purse, comprise even seedling, weed a garden etc.;
Harvesting is processed: after 35 days, the root system of shepherd's purse and acrial part are gathered in.
Wherein, adopt the method for direct transplanting method preparation plant seedlings as follows:
Under natural conditions, the stalk that Eclipta prostrata is dried shreds the orchard soil that applies cadmium heavy metal pollution to length 0.5 ± 0.02cm, then by the shepherd's purse children seedling direct transplantation collecting in the middle of soil, planting density is 5 * 5cm.
Wherein, to prepare the method for seedling as follows for seed sowing mode:
Under field conditions (factors), the stalk that Eclipta prostrata is dried shreds the orchard soil that applies cadmium heavy metal pollution to length 0.5 ± 0.02cm, then the shepherd's purse seed collecting is directly seeded in to orchard soil, and seedling grows rear even seedling, and density is controlled at 5 * 5cm.
For convenience of explanation, only show part related to the present invention.
Comparative experimental example 1: pot experiment
The enforcement place of the embodiment of the present invention: be located at farm, school district, Sichuan Agricultural University Yaan.
The embodiment of the present invention adopts the method for potted plant simulated soil heavy metal pollution, in autumn (at the beginning of 9 months), by four kinds of cadmium enriching plant Cruciferae cardamine Hairy Bittercress (Latin is called Cardamine hirsuta), composite family Eclipta prostrata belongs to Eclipta prostrata (Latin is called Eclipta prostrata), the stalk that Cruciferae watercress platymiscium watercress (Nasturtium officinale) and composite family Conyza plant Horseweed Herb (Latin is called Conyza canadensis) dry shreds (being about 0.5cm), directly apply heavy metal cadmium content and be in the potted plant soil of 50mg/kg (soil is taken from orchard), mix, basin specification 18 * 21cm (height * diameter), every basin fills native 3kg, every basin amount of application 6g, amounting to amount of application is per kilogram soil 2g.Balance is transplanted Cruciferae shepherd's purse platymiscium shepherd's purse (Latin is called Capsella bursa-pastoris) seedling (two true leaves launch) after one week, shepherd's purse seedling and cadmium enriching plant all pick up from farm, school district, Sichuan Agricultural University Yaan (uncontaminated district).Test arranges 5 processing, is respectively: do not use (CK), soil and execute Hairy Bittercress, soil and execute that Eclipta prostrata, soil are executed watercress, soil is executed Horseweed Herb.4 strains of every basin plantation shepherd's purse, each is processed and repeats 3 times.In transparent rain shade, cultivate, according to soil moisture actual conditions, irregularly water and guarantee that soil moisture conservation is in 80% left and right of field capacity, after 35 days, plant to be planted is after full-bloom stage, and results shepherd's purse, measures the heavy metal cadmium content in plant corpus.
The heavy metal cadmium form that inventive embodiments applies is CdCl
22.5H
2o, is analytical reagent, with the form of solution, joins in soil, fully mixes, and applies cadmium enriching plant stalk after balance surrounding, then balance plantation shepherd's purse seedling after a week.
Embodiment of the present invention result is as follows:
Shepherd's purse biomass estimation the results are shown in following table 1:
The shepherd's purse biomass of individual tree feature of table 1 soil application cadmium enriching plant
Show l result and show, under the prerequisite of cadmium enriching plant Straw Amendment, in the potted plant soil that heavy metal cadmium content is 50mg/kg, the cane of shepherd's purse, blade, acrial part and whole strain biomass are all higher than not using (CK).The whole strain biomass of shepherd's purse size order is: soil is executed watercress stalk > soil and executed Hairy Bittercress stalk > soil and execute Horseweed Herb stalk > soil and execute Eclipta prostrata stalk > and do not use (CK).
The shepherd's purse cadmium content measurement result of soil application cadmium enriching plant is shown in following table 2:
The shepherd's purse cadmium content feature of table 2 soil application cadmium enriching plant
Note: BCF is concentration coefficient: acrial part cadmium content/Cadmium in Soil concentration for the treatment of, TF is transfer ratio: acrial part cadmium content/root system cadmium content.
Table 2 result shows, in the potted plant soil that heavy metal cadmium content is 50mg/kg, the shepherd's purse root system cadmium content of four kinds of enriching plant stalks of soil application is all lower than not using (CK).Soil is executed shepherd's purse cane, blade and the acrial part cadmium content of Eclipta prostrata stalk all higher than not using (CK), and soil is executed Hairy Bittercress, soil and executed shepherd's purse cane, blade and acrial part cadmium content that watercress and soil executes Horseweed Herb stalk all lower than not using (CK), illustrate and only have soil to execute the cadmium content that Eclipta prostrata stalk can improve shepherd's purse acrial part.Meanwhile, soil is executed the shepherd's purse concentration coefficient of Eclipta prostrata stalk higher than not using (CK), and soil is executed Hairy Bittercress, soil and executed shepherd's purse concentration coefficient that watercress and soil executes Horseweed Herb stalk lower than not using (CK).From transhipment coefficient, soil is executed the shepherd's purse transhipment coefficient of four kinds of enriching plant stalks all higher than not using (CK), and soil is executed the shepherd's purse transhipment coefficient maximum of Eclipta prostrata stalk.
The shepherd's purse cadmium accumulation measurement result of soil application cadmium enriching plant is shown in following table 3:
The shepherd's purse cadmium accumulation of table 3 soil application cadmium enriching plant
Table 3 result shows, soil is executed the shepherd's purse root system cadmium accumulation of four kinds of enriching plant stalks all lower than not using (CK), and shepherd's purse cane cadmium accumulation is all higher than not using (CK).Soil is executed Hairy Bittercress, soil and is executed Eclipta prostrata and soil and execute the shepherd's purse blade of Horseweed Herb stalk and acrial part cadmium accumulation all higher than not using (CK), and soil is executed the shepherd's purse blade of watercress stalk and acrial part cadmium accumulation all lower than not using (CK).With regard to the whole strain cadmium of shepherd's purse accumulation, soil is executed the whole strain cadmium of the shepherd's purse accumulation of Eclipta prostrata stalk higher than not using (CK), uses the whole strain cadmium of the shepherd's purse accumulation of its excess-three kind enriching plant stalk lower than not using (CK).
Comparative experimental example 2: small plot experiment
The enforcement place of the embodiment of the present invention: be located at farm, school district, Sichuan Agricultural University Yaan.
The embodiment of the present invention adopts the method for small plot experiment heavy metal pollution of soil, and the heavy metal cadmium form that inventive embodiments applies is CdCl
22.5H
2o, is analytical reagent, with the form of solution, joins in soil, and application concentration is 2.5mg/kg, fully mixes, and applies cadmium enriching plant stalk after balance surrounding.The application process of four kinds of cadmium enriching plants is: by Cruciferae cardamine Hairy Bittercress (Latin is called Cardamine hirsuta), composite family Eclipta prostrata belongs to Eclipta prostrata (Latin is called Eclipta prostrata), the stalk that Cruciferae watercress platymiscium watercress (Nasturtium officinale) and composite family Conyza plant Horseweed Herb (Latin is called Conyza canadensis) dry shreds (being about 0.5cm), directly apply in the soil that heavy metal cadmium content is 2.5mg/kg (soil is taken from orchard), mix, amount of application is a square metre native 0.84kg, apply degree of depth 30cm.The cadmium enriching plant stalk balance that is manured into soil was planted in the soil of community (soil is taken from orchard), each community area 1.0m by Cruciferae shepherd's purse platymiscium shepherd's purse (Latin is called Capsella bursa-pastoris) seedling (two true leaves launch) after one week
2(1.0 * 1.0m).These shepherd's purse seedling and cadmium enriching plant all directly pick up from farm, school district, Sichuan Agricultural University Yaan (uncontaminated district).Test arranges 5 processing, is respectively: be respectively: do not use (CK), soil and execute Hairy Bittercress, soil and execute that Eclipta prostrata, soil are executed watercress, soil is executed Horseweed Herb, each is processed 3 times and repeats (San Ge community).The planting density of each community is 400 strains/m
2(all shepherd's purse plant distances between rows and hills are 5cm).According to soil moisture actual conditions, irregularly water and guarantee that soil moisture conservation is in 80% left and right of field capacity, after 35 days, plant to be planted is after full-bloom stage, and harvesting plant, measures the heavy metal cadmium content in plant corpus.
The cadmium content measurement result of small plot experiment shepherd's purse is shown in following table 4:
The cadmium content of table 4 small plot experiment shepherd's purse
Note: BCF is concentration coefficient: acrial part (root system) cadmium content/Cadmium in Soil concentration for the treatment of, TF is transfer ratio: acrial part cadmium content/root system cadmium content.
Table 4 result shows, in the field soil that is 2.5mg/kg at heavy metal cadmium content, soil is executed the shepherd's purse root system cadmium content of four kinds of enriching plant stalks all lower than not using (CK), and only has shepherd's purse acrial part cadmium content that soil executes Eclipta prostrata stalk higher than not using (CK).From concentration coefficient and transhipment coefficient, the shepherd's purse concentration coefficient that soil is executed Eclipta prostrata stalk is greater than does not use (CK), and all the other processing are less than does not use (CK); Soil is executed the shepherd's purse transhipment coefficient of four kinds of enriching plant stalks all higher than not using (CK), and soil is executed the shepherd's purse transhipment coefficient maximum of Eclipta prostrata stalk.These results are consistent with pot experiment.
The shepherd's purse biomass of small plot experiment unit are and the accumulation measurement result of cadmium is shown in to following table 5:
The shepherd's purse biomass of table 5 small plot experiment unit are and the accumulation to cadmium
Table 5 result shows, consistent with pot experiment, soil is executed the shepherd's purse unit are total biomass of four kinds of enriching plant stalks all higher than not using (CK), and its size order is: soil is executed watercress stalk > soil and executed Horseweed Herb stalk > soil and execute Hairy Bittercress stalk=soil and execute Eclipta prostrata stalk > and do not use (CK).Soil is executed the shepherd's purse cadmium accumulation total amount maximum of the unit are of Eclipta prostrata stalk, has reached 2371.49 μ g/m
2, contrast has improved 20.5%, and the shepherd's purse cadmium accumulation total amount of all the other processing is lower than not using (CK).
Comprehensive above data, can reach a conclusion: in cadmium pollution orchard soil, soil application cadmium enriching plant Eclipta prostrata stalk can significantly improve the cadmium extracted amount of unit are shepherd's purse.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. use the method that enriching plant improves shepherd's purse reparation orchard cadmium pollution soil ability for one kind, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps: autumn, the Eclipta prostrata stalk after shredding is directly applied in the orchard soil of cadmium heavy metal pollution, the directly shepherd's purse seedling of two true leaves expansion of transplanting, or the employing seed directly mode of broadcasting sowing carries out the preparation of shepherd's purse seedling;
Water and guarantee that field soil moisture water-holding capacity is 80%, carries out the daily management of shepherd's purse;
Harvesting is processed: after 35 days, the root system of shepherd's purse and acrial part are gathered in.
2. a kind of enriching plant of using as claimed in claim 1 improves the method that shepherd's purse is repaired orchard cadmium pollution soil ability, it is characterized in that, adopts the method for direct transplanting method preparation plant seedlings as follows:
Under natural conditions, the stalk that Eclipta prostrata is dried shreds the orchard soil that applies cadmium heavy metal pollution to length 0.5 ± 0.02cm, then by the shepherd's purse children seedling direct transplantation collecting in the middle of soil, planting density is 5 * 5cm.
3. a kind of enriching plant of using as claimed in claim 1 improves the method that shepherd's purse is repaired orchard cadmium pollution soil ability, it is characterized in that, the method that seed sowing mode is prepared seedling is as follows:
Under field conditions (factors), the stalk that Eclipta prostrata is dried shreds the orchard soil that applies cadmium heavy metal pollution to length 0.5 ± 0.02cm, then the shepherd's purse seed collecting is directly seeded in to orchard soil, and seedling grows rear even seedling, and density is controlled at 5 * 5cm.
4. a kind of enriching plant of using as claimed in claim 1 improves the method that shepherd's purse is repaired orchard cadmium pollution soil ability, it is characterized in that, described daily management comprises even seedling, weeds a garden.
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| CN108076877A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-05-29 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of method of the cadmium content of Nasturtium officinale in reduction cadmium pollution soil |
| CN108812112A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-11-16 | 惠州市锦恒工业模具设计合伙企业(普通合伙) | A method of it improving grafting shepherd's purse offspring and is enriched with cadmium element |
| CN108781579A (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2018-11-13 | 江西绿巨人生态环境股份有限公司 | A kind of ecological environment reparation plantation technique |
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