CN101731070A - Non-polluted culture method for overwintering eggplant in sunlight greenhouse - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a non-polluted culture method for an overwintering eggplant in a sunlight greenhouse. The non-polluted eggplant is produced by selecting a variety, controlling aphid in a seedling growing period, preventing an infectious and toxic disease, combining physical control and biological control and controlling botrytis, sclerotiniose, phomopsisblight, early blight, acarus, thrips and trialeurodes vaporariorum. The invention improves the quality and the yield of the eggplants and economic benefits of vegetable planting of vegetable growers.

Description

Day-light greenhouse overwintering eggplant non-pollution planting method

(1) technical field

The invention belongs to agriculture field, specifically day-light greenhouse overwintering eggplant non-pollution planting method.

(2) background technology

Just begin to develop pollution-free vegetable abroad, its main mode of production is soilless culture.In New Zealand, fruit vegetableses such as tomato more than half, cucumber are soilless cultures.Developed countries such as Japan, Holland, the U.S. adopt modern water planting greenhouse, produce pollution-free vegetable throughout the year.In addition, aspect the nuisanceless production technology of outdoor vegetable, comparatively deep research and inquirement and large-area applying have also been carried out.

Research and the production of China pollution-free vegetable start from nineteen eighty-two, hold national biological control meeting this year, and Jiangsu Province takes the lead in proposing to replace chemical pesticide control with biological control.Nineteen eighty-three, under the support energetically of national plant protection master station, the whole nation 23 provinces, cities have carried out research, demonstration and the popularization of pollution-free vegetable.Logical research practice is in a few years explored a pollution-free vegetable production art of overlapping integrated control damage by disease and insect, minimizing pesticide pollution.

(3) summary of the invention

Day-light greenhouse overwintering eggplant non-pollution planting method of the present invention, by selecting kind, control aphid between nursery stage, the virus disease of protecting from infection, physical control, biological control combine, and prevent and treat gray mold, stalk break, brown line disease, early blight, acarid, thrips, trialeurodes vaporariorum, produce nuisanceless eggplant, improve eggplant quality, output, increase vegetable grower's economic benefit that plants vegetables.

(4) specific embodiments

1. the eggplant kind is selected:

The HA-1726HA-1474 Holland of Israel tries to gain Buddhist nun's card etc.

2. sowing time:

Eggplant suitable sowing time is late July-late August.Except that managing to control the temperature, note also two problems between nursery stage: the one, and the time-division seedling, make seedling have substantial light to shine.Solanaceous vegetables seedling normal growth and flower bud differentiation must have sufficient illumination.Say that in some sense dividing seedling is not only to enlarge the seedling standing area, main is to make seedling fully see light.The 2nd, control aphid, the virus disease of protecting from infection.Seedling stage, the infective virus disease was not shown effect in the winter time, serious virus disease can occur when next spring, temperature raise, and this was lacked effective treatment means, so to prevent the infection of virus disease seedling stage be the key of growing seedlings.Major measure is to cover fly net between nursery stage.The mosquito screen Wondertek that general family uses is less than anti-aphid effect.

3. seedling period management

(1) temperature treatment: see that seedling appearance management seedling bed temperature is a simple method in producing.Growth is apparent that blade most during the seedling, sees the management of blade appearance seedling bed temperature, especially nocturnal temperature.Long a slice leaf was a normal growth in every generally speaking 5-6 days.It is the obducent time of lid and mantle thickness of taking off that nocturnal temperature is regulated and control main means.When early stage, temperature exceeded normal need, preferably use the sunshade net and cover cooling.Grow seedlings in the booth, lack effective cooling measure when temperature is too high, therefore advocate booth and grow seedlings outward, the outer temperature of booth is low favourable to cultivating strong sprout.

(2) seedling stage diseases and pests is prevented and treated scheme:

Main disease: damping off, damping off, insect has acarid, thrips, trialeurodes vaporariorum, liriomyza bryoniae.

Extermination of disease and insect pest scheme:

Seed treatment: the import capsuled seed is live, and non-capsuled seed is with 55-60 ℃ hot-water soak 15 minutes, reduces to after 30 ℃ again that the potassium permanganate with 0.2% soaked 10 minutes, soaks 8-12 hour after clean with clear water again, gets final product vernalization.

Soil treatment: after planting, evenly cover on seed, can prevent and treat seedling blight and damping off with the many Mils of 58% thunder and the fine earth mixing that sieved (every square metre of seedbed restrains with the many Mils 510 of thunder).

Will cover fly net and sunshade net in case of necessity, it is rainproof that film is added a cover in the seedbed when raining.

Time and the fragrant wheat bran of stir-fry are mixed thoroughly and are sprinkling upon above the seedbed, the control soil insect.

Spray 600 times of liquid of the many Mils of thunder before dividing seedling, prevention seedling blight and damping off.

Irritated the safe 3000 times of liquid of Acker one time in 1-2 days before the field planting, the control trialeurodes vaporariorum, every square metre of seedbed is with 3 kilograms of soups.

3. field planting--initial stage as a result

Basic condition: is the critical period of regulating g and D from field planting when the door eggplant is gathered.By field planting to the flowers are in blossom put during key be to control soil moisture, the growth root system, the plant of regulating seedling fruit balance is the main task in this stage.Bloom the back to gathering, and plant has entered the initial stage as a result, and suitably topdressing promotes growth, and fruit is early adopted, and avoids weighing down seedling.

This, weather began cooling in period, and most in November in time at many cloudy daies, few sunshine, and is unfavorable to vegetable growth.Though temperature is very not low in the cloudy few photograph, greenhouse by solar heat.Delaying on the seedling basis, promoting the healthy and strong maintenance of seedling growth to nourish and grow and the reproductive growth balance.The various diseases of the high generation easily of temperature in early stage, as root rot (dead), early blight, leaf mold has stalk break in indivedual canopies.Emphasis prevention in November gray mold.

(1) cultivation management main points:

Straw mat is early taken off late lid, prolongs light application time as far as possible.Along with ambient temperature reduces, corresponding the lid time of covering with mat is shifted to an earlier date gradually.

Open behind the straw mat at first wiping film, increase intensity of illumination in the greenhouse.

Suitably leak informaton daytime.Mouthful size and the time length of leaking informaton depends on the greenhouse by solar heat nocturnal temperature, and the purpose of promptly leaking informaton is not only to regulate the temperature of leaking informaton at that time, and main is to regulate nocturnal temperature.Night, minimum temperature maintained between 15-18 ℃, was higher than 18 ℃ night, and the time of leaking informaton on daytime can be suitably longer, and night, minimum temperature was lower than 15 ℃, and leak informaton less or do not leak informaton daytime.

Behind the slow seedling in time repeatedly intertillage loosen the soil, preferably intertill 3 times, near rhizosphere, use the high-quality fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed then, cover fertilizer and earth up into the ridge at rhizosphere simultaneously, covering with plastic film promotes root growth again.

How fine meet the moon of a specified duration and be sure not to take off suddenly straw mat when, cover with mat when the wilting phenomenon takes place and should in time return straw mat if take off, it is too fast to avoid air themperature to go up.Straw mat will be taken off slowly, and substep is progressively taken off, and treats straw mat all to be opened after ground temperature also gos up again.

General rare disease under the management good situations, medication is carelessly must guard against in careful medication.

It is rainproof in time to cover old film when meeting rain on straw mat, prevents to water straw mat.

Picking fruit avoids weighing down seedling early, also helps next fruit growth.

(2) extermination of disease and insect pest scheme:

Main diseases insect pest: pernicious gas harm, gray mold, stalk break, brown line disease, early blight, acarid, thrips, trialeurodes vaporariorum.Prevent and treat scheme:

A. fertilizer will become thoroughly decomposed fully, and reaching does not have the fly maggot worm's ovum, is destitute of smell, and prevents to decompose generation pernicious gas harm seedling.

B. forbid broad irrigation seedling stage, broad irrigation can cause multiple diseases, also is unfavorable for controlling growth of seedling and growth.

C. spray about 10 days after the field planting and reach the peaceful 700 times of liquid of gram for one time, if the time that has trialeurodes vaporariorum can add the calm and peaceful 2000 times of liquid of Acker of 5000 times of liquid sprays simultaneously, can prevent early blight, brown line disease simultaneously can be prevented and treated acarid, thrips, trialeurodes vaporariorum.

D. every about 15 days, spray the high 1500 times of liquid of generation, prevention early blight and other tikka class disease.

E. spray again after every about 15 days and execute 700-1000 times of liquid when suitable happy, prevention gray mold and stalk break.

4, management principle and the spring cultivation and the extermination of disease and insect pest (early June late December) of " high temperature is supported fruit " between freeze-up.Basic condition: fruiting period just between freeze-up also is that product is smooth and easy in market sale, and in the period that economic benefit is best, greenhouse by solar heat carries out the high temperature management, and increasing output is the best measure of capturing optimum economic benefit.Should mainly prevent and treat infectious disease when temperature is not too low early stage, and as root rot, early blight, leaf mold etc., latter temperature is too low, should mainly prevent and treat non-infectious disease, as dehiscent fruit, and malformed fruit and chilling injury etc.

(1) cultivation management

A. straw mat is early taken off lid early, early takes off and strives for early seeing that light sees light more, and early lid reduces loses heat, avoids nocturnal temperature low excessively.Open behind the straw mat at first wiping film, increase intensity of illumination in the greenhouse.

B. " high temperature is supported fruit " principle is implemented in high temperature management greenhouse.Day temperature can be higher, also is not eager to leak informaton even surpass 35 ℃, makes the more heats of accumulation in the greenhouse, avoids nocturnal temperature too low.Can not surpass 30 ℃ if stick to so-called vegetables preference temperature during this period of time, leaking informaton daytime to have serious adverse effect to output.Do not leak informaton generally speaking, so that greenhouse accumulation heat.Whether leak informaton and depend on the minimum temperature at night.Night, minimum temperature can suitably be leaked informaton in time more than 18 ℃.Nocturnal temperature is unlikely to too high generally speaking, and on the contrary, nocturnal temperature is often very low, and daytime, the main purpose of high temperature management was exactly to prevent that as far as possible nocturnal temperature is low excessively.

C. carry out carbon dioxide fertilization.Because restriction is leaked informaton, carbonic acid gas deficiency in the greenhouse can be carried out carbon dioxide fertilization.The fine morning is the carbon dioxide fertilization Best Times.

D. strengthen cold-proof heat insulation.Cover old film night on straw mat, the winter protection curtain is hanged up in the porch, greenhouse, with good conditionsily hangs up two layers of canopy of the heavens, and should there be workplace in each greenhouse, avoids cold wind directly to be blown in the greenhouse.

E. in time receive and carry out plant arrangement.

F. suitably water, replenish soil moisture.

G. the later stage is not generally used agricultural chemicals.Because the greenhouse by solar heat temperature is too low, especially nocturnal temperature is too low, contaminates venereal disease evil generation development and also is suppressed, and is rare, when non-dip-dye venereal disease evil is serious, strengthen the cultivation management measure, improves the environmental condition in the facility, makes it to help growth.

H. solanaceous vegetables can be used the growth regulator flower and fruit protecting, but does not use growth regulator and fertilizer spray blade face.

(2) extermination of disease and insect pest scheme:

Winter temperature is low, the illumination deficiency, and root system absorbing capacity and leaf photosynthesis are low, and plant strain growth is weak, and non-infectious disease very easily takes place, and is that contagious disease takes place lighter a little less than shining because of the temperature low light equally.Therefore go up should be improving the planting environment condition as improving temperature in management, and increase illumination is that the control of main, all contagious disease should be to put prevention first.The non-infectious disease that infectious disease and not serious between algid stage, main disease have gray mold, stalk break and have the low temperature widow to cause sunshine.Key is a non-infectious disease, mainly is that chilling injury such as cavity fruit, sharp mouth fruit, rotten disease of muscle, mummy etc. are all more or less crossed low relevantly with temperature, and therefore improve canopy temperature is the main measure that prevents and treats these non-infectious diseases by every possible means.Before surviving the winter booth is repaired, improved heat insulating ability, straw mat and film quality will be got well, and cover straw mat more, cover rainproof film, set up winter protection curtain etc.So-called high temperature management on daytime also is in order to prevent chilling injury in fact.

(3) extermination of disease and insect pest

Main diseases insect pest: gray mold, stalk break, early blight, brown line disease, cotton disease, acarid, the latent fly of class etc.

Prevent and treat scheme:

A. at whole winter-spring season fruiting period, do not taking place to reach the peaceful 600-700 of gram times liquid to spray to the effective protective fungicide of crop safety, prevention gray mold, stalk break, main disease such as early blight before the disease.Whole winter-spring season can be sprayed 5-6 time and other medicament is used alternatingly.Be generally about two weeks interval.

B. suitable mainly is bactericide at gray mold and stalk break when happy, so will spray 700-800 times of liquid when suitable happy in gray mold and incidental early winter of stalk break and early spring, 10-15 days interval, whole growth can spray 3 times season.

C. to reach be a kind of new and effective bactericide that can prevent and treat all fungal diseases in the Amici.It not only can effectively prevent disease, and can also regulate plant growth, improves fruit quality.Fruit growth period sprays the Amici and reaches 1500-2000 times of liquid in the winter time, 10-15 days interval, connects and sprays 3 times.

D. the generation height is primarily aimed at early blight, brown line disease and tikka class disease.Emphasis is before going into the winter and spring, finds should stop other medicament immediately after these diseases, uses the high 1500 times of liquid of generation instead, connects and sprays 3 times.

E. the many Mils of golden thunder are primarily aimed at cotton disease.Generally spring canopy temperature cotton disease takes place when higher easily.Find to spray 600-800 times of liquid of golden thunder Dorr behind the cotton disease, even spray 2-3 time 7 days intervals, get final product disease controlling.

Spray 2000 times of liquid of 25% time emulsion when f. finding acarid, liriomyza bryoniae harm, discovery trialeurodes vaporariorum, thrips can be sprayed the safe 5000 times of liquid of Acker and be added time 3000 times of liquid.

Claims (3)

1. day-light greenhouse overwintering eggplant non-pollution planting method, it is characterized in that seed treatment, the import capsuled seed is live, the hot-water soak that non-capsuled seed usefulness is 55-60 ℃ 15 minutes, the potassium permanganate of reducing to after 30 ℃ again with 0.2% soaked 10 minutes, soaked again 8-12 hour after cleaning with clear water, get final product vernalization.

2. day-light greenhouse overwintering eggplant non-pollution planting method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that soil treatment, after planting with the many Mils of 58% thunder and the fine earth mixing that sieved (every square metre of seedbed restrains with many Mils of thunder 5-10), evenly cover on seed, can prevent and treat seedling blight and damping off.

3. day-light greenhouse overwintering eggplant non-pollution planting method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that after the field planting spraying in about 10 days and reach the peaceful 700 times of liquid of gram for one time, if the time that has trialeurodes vaporariorum can add the calm and peaceful 2000 times of liquid of Acker of 5000 times of liquid sprays simultaneously, can prevent early blight, brown line disease can be prevented and treated acarid, thrips, trialeurodes vaporariorum simultaneously.