CN1522561A

CN1522561A - Potted loquat and its cultivation method

Info

Publication number: CN1522561A
Application number: CNA031590284A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 朱纪章
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2003-09-11
Filing date: 2003-09-11
Publication date: 2004-08-25
Anticipated expiration: 2023-09-11
Also published as: CN1245065C

Abstract

The present invention relates to a culture method of loquat, in particular. It is applicable to potted loquat. Said culture method includes the following four stages: seedling cultivating stage, grafting stage, potting stage and bloom-promoting fruit-keeping stage. Said invention also provides the concrete measures and steps of every stage.

Description

Potted loquat and cultivation method thereof

Technical field:

The present invention relates to the cultivation method of a kind of loquat, be specially adapted to potted loquat, belong to pot plant and make the field.

Background technology:

Publication number CN1247692A, title " potted lycium Chinese and cultivation method thereof ", this method are little numb leaf or the Huang Guowei cultivation objects of selecting in the matrimony vine kind; The land for growing field crops cultivating seedlings comprises the preparation of bed wood, plugged ear processing, packed bed soil, packed plugged ear, land for growing field crops liquid manure supply, weeding, prevention and elimination of disease and pests etc., wherein packed bed soil is by certain line-spacing trench digging big Tanaka, arrange plastic sack by certain spacing in the rows then, load full bed soil subsequently, it is with the α-Nai Yisuan about 15% (weight) plugged ear to be soaked about diel that plugged ear is handled; Transplanting is that the packed nursery stock that has cultivated is dug out, and tears plastics and puts into flowerpot gently, inserts bed soil.

It is that famous ground, the whole nation plants the loquat main producing region that Zhe Jiangtang is dwelt, and growth result is subject to freeze injury, drought injury, crow evil, burns day, limited by weather, soil, place, is subject to the natural calamity that Act for God; The self-sow result, 1～5 meter of plant height, only suitably prune by the fruit tree requirement, tree performance is identical substantially, only just can view and admire trial test as fruit tree in the farmland, and the region limitation is very big, the whole nation is Zhejiang, Fujian, Anhui, the big volume production loquat in Jiangsu only, fruit quality and taste successive dynasties dwell with Zhe Jiangtang and are the best, and soil, weather conditions are required height, are difficult to plantation to the north of the Changjiang river.At present, can only be used as fruit tree, only can transplant in March, October in 1 year, the not high shakiness of survival rate does not have potted loquat so far.

Summary of the invention:

Purpose of design: will locally over the past thousands of years plant loquat distinctively, and cultivate and be made into potted loquat, and make it not only have consumption and medical, and have higher potted landscape sight, and can low cost be sold to all over the world at a distance.

Design: the growth characteristics according to local (Zhe Jiangtang is dwelt) loquat, to the repetition test research of soil, fertilizer, moisture, seedling, bearing-age tree in the planting loquat link, found a kind of loquat is planted from ground to change potted plant new method into through in recent years.This method has fundamentally solved the drawback and the problem of planting in the background technology that loquat can't potted plantly enter the room and the north is difficult to survive the winter and can't low-cost remote transportation.Its cultivation method: potted loquat and cultivation method thereof, grow seedlings: with the summer sowing of loquat seed soil or nutrition bowl in open country soil or canopy, mulching straw waters, and back fertilising, the diseases prevention of germinateing, controls worm, weeding, to perpendicular year spring or the 3rd year spring, breed the thick 0.5～1.5cm seedling of leading thread and make stock; Grafting: select for use red-sand yangdun Yang Dun, mound, pinch, tack clovershrub, red little girl, liberation, big five-pointed star and soft white sand of white sand class, runner white sand, white lichee (Ninghai is white) kind loquat branch to do scion spring, autumn, with cut-grafting, abdomen-cutting method grafting to the loquat stock, bondage, sunshade, water, debudding, treat that scion survives and germinates to extract fertilising after a while newly, diseases prevention out, control worm, weeding; Last basin: get 1～2 year living nutrition bowl grafting or plant grafting, plough under or implant among the basin Bowls that installs matrix or earth, water, fertilising, diseases prevention, control worm, weeding, bud thinning, shaping, pruning, moulding, plant height 0.3～1m; Flower-promoting and fruit protecting: the long short flower of SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING water, fertilizer, hormone control, an amount of water, fertilizer behind the setting, winter-spring air temperature time below-3 ℃ move into plastic film shed or the hidding and sunny side place antifreeze, flower and fruit thinning is taked insect protected, anti-bird measure fruit retention.

The present invention compares with background technology, the one, it is little that growth result is influenced by weather, soil condition, can utilize facility, sandy ground, house site, cement court is artificial or mechanization batch production in enormous quantities is manufactured, and the power of resisting natural disasters is strong, easily artificial short control flower and fruit protecting, the water saving joint is fertile; The 2nd, the nurturing period is convenient to management, can regulate density at any time according to the seedling growth situation, is convenient to pruning, helps ventilation and penetrating light, reduces damage by disease and insect, has saved ground simultaneously and has planted time and the expense that lifting is packed; The 3rd, carry out dwarfing culture, 0.3～1 meter of plant height is convenient to pruning and is fashioned into the different shape attitude, cultivate into short strong dense, the tree potted landscape that body is plentiful, form is graceful, collect greenery fragrant flower gold fruit in a basin, color, smell and taste have both, different modeling is viewed and admired and taste to be worth highly, and economic worth can improve 3～10 times; The 4th, can be used as that potted landscape moves on to doorway, the hall, balcony, a table cabinet is arbitrarily put, be widely used in hotel, market, school, office, station, square, enterprise, family, greening, sweetening treatment, beautify human work, living environment, improve people's living environment quality, ecological benefits are good; The 5th, that loquat has concurrently is edible, medicinal, view and admire, greening function, except that as the good fruit tree, excavates and has developed its four seasons are evergreen, the fragrance of a flower overflows, the gold fruit is innumerable, form is graceful greening, beautifies the environment and purification, sweetening treatment air function; The 6th, individual plant is in light weight, and only 0.5～5 kilogram, mobile, convenient transportation are convenient to apply to the whole nation and the whole world, improve agriculture benefit, increase local farmers' income, obvious social benefit; The 7th, potted loquat is used as fruit tree, courtyard greening tree, potted landscape, all can transplant throughout the year, and not influence seedling quality and growing way, and survival rate is up to 100%, and management and maintenance is very easy; The 8th, use the soilless substrate potted loquat, there are not mosquito, fly, ant, worm in the basin, do not pollute indoor and outdoor surroundings, also can afforest, beautify, the sweetening treatment human settlement, improve air quality.

Embodiment:

Embodiment 1: potted loquat and cultivation method thereof, grow seedlings: with the summer sowing of loquat seed soil or nutrition bowl in high open country soil of the soil is porous the good content of organic matter of draining or canopy, cover grass, water, execute thin fertile (0.5～2% urea liquid) after germination is come into leaves 2 times, diseases prevention (with 600 times of topsin agricultural chemicals and chlorothalonil pesticides) 3～5 times, control worm (800 times in 1000 times of cypermethrins and dichlorvos) 2～inferior, weeding (butachlor 300 times with 200 times of glyphosates) 2～4 times, to perpendicular year spring or the 3rd year spring, breed the thick 0.5～1.5cm seedling of leading thread and make stock; Grafting: in the spring, select red-sand yangdun Yang Dun autumn for use, mound, pinch, the tack clovershrub, red little girl, liberation, big five-pointed star and soft white sand of white sand class, runner white sand, Bai Lizhi (Ninghai is white) kind loquat branch is done scion, use cut-grafting, the abdomen-cutting method grafting is to the loquat stock, tight and expose eye with the plastic film tape bondage, with 60% sunshade net sunshade, water permeable, debudding (removing rudiment on the stock), treat that scion survives and germinates and extract out after a while newly, executed once thin fertile (0.5～2% urea liquid) in every month, draining in time, drought resisting, diseases prevention (using 600 times of topsin agricultural chemicals and chlorothalonil pesticides) 3～5 times, control worm (800 times in 1000 times of cypermethrins and dichlorvos) 2～4 times, intertillage, artificial weeding; Last basin: get 1～2 year living nutrition bowl grafting or plant grafting, plough under or implant among the basin Bowls that installs the matrix of having sterilized or earth, water, fertilising, diseases prevention, to control worm, artificial weeding, bud thinning, shaping, pruning, moulding to 0.3～1m height and strain shape plentiful; Flower-promoting and fruit protecting: SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING water, fertilizer, the long short flower of paclobutrazol hormone (200PPM concentration) control, an amount of water, usefulness fertilizer behind the setting, winter-spring air temperature move into plastic film shed below-3 ℃ the time or the hidding and sunny side place antifreeze, flower and fruit thinning, every basin stays 3 fruit ears, every fringe stays 2～5 fruits, takes to avoid the fruit retention measure of insect pest, bird pest.Soilless culture substrate prescription: 75% peat, 10% vermiculite, 10% perlite, 5% haydite etc., or replace peat, replacement such as yellow sand, ashes vermiculite, perlite with wood chip, bark, cotton seed hulls, rice chaff (husk), rice chaff ash.Basin Bowls selects mud basin, pottery basin, porcelain basin, rigid plastics basin, cement basin, soft plastic bag and adhesive-bonded fabric bag for use, according to client's needs basin.

Embodiment 2: on the basis of embodiment 1, native cultivation tray soil prescription is arranged: replace peat with garden mould (plain soil), leaf mould, yellow soil etc., or earth 75% adds cotton seed hulls 25% (wood chip, bark, rice chaff ash, yellow sand, ashes, peat, vermiculite, perlite) etc.

What need understand is: the foregoing description is just to explanation of the present invention, rather than limitation of the present invention, and any innovation and creation that do not exceed in the connotation of the present invention all fall within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1, a kind of potted loquat and cultivation method thereof, it is characterized in that: grow seedlings: with the summer sowing of loquat seed soil or nutrition bowl in open country soil or canopy, mulching straw waters, germinate back fertilising, diseases prevention, control worm, weeding, to perpendicular year spring or the 3rd year spring, breed the thick 0.5～1.5cm seedling of leading thread and make stock; Grafting: select for use red-sand yangdun Yang Dun, mound, pinch, tack clovershrub, red little girl, liberation, big five-pointed star and soft white sand of white sand class, runner white sand, white lichee (Ninghai is white) kind loquat branch to do scion spring, autumn, with cut-grafting, abdomen-cutting method grafting to the loquat stock, bondage, sunshade, water, debudding, treat that scion survives and germinates to extract fertilising after a while newly, diseases prevention out, control worm, weeding; Last basin: get 1～2 year living nutrition bowl grafting or plant grafting, plough under or implant among the basin Bowls that installs matrix or earth, water, fertilising, diseases prevention, control worm, weeding, bud thinning, shaping, pruning, moulding, plant height 0.3～1m; Flower-promoting and fruit protecting: the long short flower of SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING water, fertilizer, hormone control, an amount of water, fertilizer behind the setting, winter-spring air temperature time below-3 ℃ move into plastic film shed or the hidding and sunny side place antifreeze, flower and fruit thinning is taked insect protected, anti-bird measure fruit retention.

2, potted loquat according to claim 1 and cultivation method thereof, it is characterized in that: potted loquat divides soilless culture and soil cultivation is arranged, the soilless culture substrate prescription: peat, vermiculite, perlite, haydite (or wood chip, bark, cotton seed hulls, rice chaff, yellow sand, ashes, rice chaff ash); Native cultivation tray soil prescription is arranged: garden mould (plain soil), leaf mould, yellow soil etc., or earth adds cotton seed hulls (wood chip, bark, rice chaff ash, yellow sand, ashes, peat, vermiculite, perlite).