CN108260488A - The technical method that a kind of high yield Ginseng under Forest is fostered - Google Patents
The technical method that a kind of high yield Ginseng under Forest is fostered Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the technical methods that a kind of high yield Ginseng under Forest is fostered, and include the following steps：（1）Environmental selection,（2）Site preparation,（3）Introduces a collection selection,（4）Presprouting of seeds is handled（5）Sowing,（6）Tending management,（7）Disease pest rat plague control,（8）Nurse management,（9）Join fruit harvesting and threshing（10）The harvesting of ginseng root,（11）The processing of ginseng root,（12）The methods of vanning keeping.The present invention's fosters technical method that can effectively improve Ginseng under Forest yield, and that produces high-quality has higher economic benefit wild ginseng product.Ginseng under Forest is greatly developed, for restoring wild ginseng resource, meets the needs of market is to wild ginseng, environmental protection, reduce soil erosion and obtains the double equal important roles of receipts of woods medicine.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Chinese medicine implantation methods, i.e., technical method that a kind of high yield Ginseng under Forest is fostered.
Background technology
Ginseng（Panax ginsengC.A.Meyer）, araliaceae ginseng plant, perennial root herbaceous plant,
It is very sensitive to envirment factors such as illumination, humidity, temperature by the biological characteristics and ecological habit of ginseng, it is typical ecology
Fragility shade plant.The serious destruction of forestry ecology environment, in addition long-term excavation, wild ginseng are faced in imminent danger and extinction
Danger, it is extremely limited in the distribution of nature.Traditional deforestation seed ginseng method deforestation is serious, does not meet and environmental protection is wanted
It asks, implements wildwood protected project along with country, the popularization of the ecological agriculture implements ecological protection construction, strictly controls or stop
Only examination ＆ approval ginseng ground, the examination ＆ approval for causing deforestation seed ginseng are more and more difficult.Deforestation seed ginseng can not meet the market demand of ginseng.Hayashishita
Ginseng can not deforestation, do not destroy ecology, the law, regulation with woods political affairs do not collide, and therefore, Ginseng under Forest is as wild ginseng
Resource recovery and the best production model for joining woods economic benefits and social benefits.Effective way of rejuvenation and development is further able to as China's ginseng industry
Diameter.The application method has not been reported through retrieval.
Invention content
The technical method fostered the purpose of the present invention is providing a kind of high yield Ginseng under Forest against the above deficiency, can effectively carry
High Ginseng under Forest yield, that produces high-quality has higher economic benefit wild ginseng product.
The present invention technical solution be：
The technical method that a kind of high yield Ginseng under Forest is fostered, it is characterised in that step is as follows：
（1）Environmental selection
（a）Climatic environment selects
Ginseng planting area is selected in Dunhua City, and positioned at the resource of Changbai Mountain west hill foot of a hill or mountain, 3.5~5 DEG C of average temperature of the whole year, frost-free period is 120~130
My god, >=10 DEG C of 2400~3200 DEG C of accumulated temperature.
（b）The topography locational choice
Selection afforestation rate will reach more than 80% forest land, and height above sea level is controlled in the mountainous region of 800m~1500m, half cloudy half light
Southeast slope, Northeast Slope；The gentle slope that 30 °~50 ° of the gradient, 500 meters of periphery is without air, the pollution sources at water source.
（c）Soil selects
PH value is selected using surface layer humus soil, middle level as yellow ground soil, to contain for 5.5~6.5 subacidity loam or sandy loam
Small gravel, lower floor are the soil texture of yellow mud layer.
（d）The selection of forest land vegetation
Forest land selects forest cover environment, the tall and big arbor of upper strata toothed oak tree, birch, lime tree, Se Shu, elm；Middle level hairiness hazel, thorn
Slender acanthopanax, V. amurensis, cloves, Aralia elata shrub；Earth's surface grass layer have fern, mountain wormwood artemisia, scouring rush, black false hellebore forest cover environment；Energy
Enough meet the basic demand of the obscurity and woodland miniclimate of Ginseng Growth, while can ensure there is abundant tree deciduous leaf every year
Organic matter is supplemented, abundant nutrition is provided for Ginseng under Forest.
Site preparation
（1）It clears out a gathering place son
Shrubbery below 1 meter of height of hayashishita is all removed totally, is preferably uprooped；Cut down part branch and low layer branch.
（2）Plant section planning
Growing area and growth belt are planned according to chevron landforms, gutter is done along hillside, and that stays winding detour divides work road.
（3）Hug ground
Not site preparation preserves the aboveground vegetation object that original hayashishita generates naturally；The leaf sowed on ground width is hugged on work road.
Introduces a collection selects
Selection has " two gingivals cyst of mucous gland in the newborn " kind of column ginseng, long neck, ring reed, line reed wild ginseng feature, the hayashishita of growth 10~15 years
Ginseng and the seed of wild ginseng.
Presprouting of seeds is handled
The directly outdoor natural vernalization facture of wet seed is taken, germination slot is dug along slope；The seed packet for having mixed sand is lain in slot,
Completion morphology after-ripening；Before freezing, breach seed is sowed, the overwintering completion physiology after-ripening under the low temperature of field.
Sowing
By the seed Jing Guo germination treatment prior to seeding with soaking seed, pre- disease prevention occurs, and is selected in late fall to the freeze-up preceding sowing of soil；
Take out shallow ridges broadcasting method.
Tending management
（a）Illumination management
Excessively dense to forest, the excessive standing forest of canopy density suitably removes arborous layer and sets fork progress sparse woods on a small quantity, protects shade rate
It holds 50~60%, indivedual place crown canopies are dilute in growing area, the strong skylight of illumination occur, can draw the branches and leaves of adjacent tree crown to come
It adjusts illumination or is covered with sunshade net.
（b）Temperature management
Germinate branch with intermediate cutting come temperature in appropriate adjustment woods by pruning during suspend mode in winter；Retain every year to Ginseng under Forest withered
Branch, leaf layer can also play cold-proof effect.
（c）Top dressing management
Ginseng under Forest foliage top dressing, soya-bean cake is beaten pure into powder, is poured by artificial fermentation, each growth period respectively in leaf stretching period, open
It is respectively imposed before Hua Qian, result 1 time.
（d）Weeding
Annual late May to early June carries out a weeding, slices off big grass and tree bud with reaping hook, should not destroy as possible original
Ecological environment, wipe out bottom grass using scissors, stay the base opening of 5cm.
（e）Turk sequence
Ginseng under Forest not all pinched by the annual initial bloom stage of seed-plot in bennet away from whole at the bright 3cm of compound leaf by the inflorescence of plant.
Disease pest rat plague control
（a）Disease control
It was found that diseased plant takes out and destroys in time, while pays attention to not prescinding ground plant too early in the fall, in order to avoid rotten ginseng；If any big
Area disease generates, and can suitably spray less-persistent pesticide.
（b）Pest control
Honey is stained with using deep-fried twisted dough sticks and is embedded in woodland Ginseng Growth areas adjacent, and after 24-48 hours, after insect drilling, manually grabbing worm will
It is except dead.
（c）Rat plague control
Manually slaughter：Meet plague of rats generation takes capture measure to eliminate the plague of rats as possible；It is main take rattrap physics kill mouse measure into
Row kills mouse.
Period poison bait：Raticide is launched during annual early spring ice dissolution, poison bait is dropped in ginseng ground surrounding, 10 meters of wide models of rand
It encloses, one meter of dispensing a pile；Around the ginseng ground for finding rat hole, take and see that hole is poisoned bait.
Remove dead mouse：After catching and killing, it is buried that dead mouse is cleared up in time.
Keep off mouse fence：Seed field surrounding is placed with plastic cloth, and blocking Siberian chipmunk enters ginseng field.
Nurse management
Ginseng under Forest base, which should take, seals a mountain pass, seals ditch and be managed, and forbids in other people enter；Set up protection network；In base, surrounding, which is built, sees
It protects room, support police dog, patrol is often nursed inside and outside base.
Join fruit harvesting and threshing
（1）Join fruit harvesting
10 years raw Ginseng under Forest of growth carry out fruit picking and obtain seed, and harvesting should be accomplished with ripe with adopting；Fruit is once pinched down with hand
Or it is cut at floral axis 1/3, and disease fruit is removed.
（2）Join fruit threshing
Stranding seed is eluriated in fruit threshing with clear water repeatedly, and clean drift goes to be also noted that removal empty grain while pulp, by what is cleaned
Seed is pulled out, is placed on mat and is dried surface moisture, must not the exposure under strong light.
Join root harvesting
Ginseng under Forest starts to harvest within 15 years or more；Collecting season is the first tenday period of a month in August in autumn to September, and ginseng leaf turns yellow, and more hibernaculum is swollen
It is carried out before big；It is disposably excavated for the ease of making goods and large quantities of batch sales, concentrates harvest.
Join root processing
（a）It scrubs
It scrubs Shi Yaoxian to enter parametric amplifier in clear water, the short time impregnates, and then lightly rubs with the hands by mud scum, then with hairbrush clear with hand
It is gently brushed in water, until the mud scum outwash on body will be joined；
（b）Drying
In the case that processing capacity is little, lamp box oven drying method is taken, the ginseng washed is bound with cotton rope, it is made to be kept with light bulb
A certain distance is opened light bulb, is toasted；
（c）Drying
It is processed when processing capacity is big using the method for drying；Fresh ginseng through having scrubbed, which is placed in sun-drying tray, to be dried；If adding
The even rainy day is encountered between duration, fresh parametric amplifier can be dried in drying room.
Vanning keeping
Ginseng according to size is graded, is placed in the solid carton chest of quality.
Compared with prior art, main advantages of the present invention are：
（1）A large amount of dry branches and fallen leaves rots the forest land of degradation in attentional selection theropencedrymion of the present invention, and the soil organism is rich
Richness forms stronger fertility.Deciduous be continuing to supply even more provides fertility benefit full of nutrition for Ginseng under Forest growth
It gives, the yield of Ginseng under Forest is significantly improved thus by the continuous absorption and utilization of nutrition.
（2）Ginseng under Forest, which is grown in, can only receive a small amount of direct light being irradiated under forest and the scattering of a large amount of hayashishitas in thick grass
Light can not meet the demand of Ginseng Growth.The administrative skill of the appropriate sparse woods of present invention selection, to meet ginseng to intensity of illumination
It needs, so as to considerably improve the yield of ginseng.
（3）The method that the present invention takes bottoming grass and cleaning undershrub, that is, have adjusted woods ginseng intercropping field temperature and relative humidity,
What cultivation area selection was warmed up partially prolongs Region In Yanbian, and height above sea level moderately reduces, and preferably meets Ginseng under Forest growth and temperature, humidity are wanted
It asks, reduces weeds, undershrub and ginseng contention nutrition.So as to considerably improve Ginseng under Forest yield.
（4）The present invention has very high using the Ginseng under Forest of 10~15 years and the seed of wild ginseng, used seed is grown
Disease resistance, improve survival rate of seedlings, and fine artificial bunch planting is carried out using the seed of vernalization processing breach, greatly improve out
Seedling rate, so as to considerably improve Ginseng under Forest yield.
（5）The present invention imposes Ginseng under Forest the zymotic fluid by manually beating pure beancake powder, contributes to the growth of hayashishita cauline leaf strong
It is strong and in great numbers, Ginseng under Forest is contributed to improve photosynthetic area, so as to considerably improve the yield of Ginseng under Forest.
（6）The present invention in first 10 years that Ginseng under Forest is grown, all pinched by annual initial bloom stage by the inflorescence of plant, to reduce
Nutrient competition promotes the accumulation of root sage root growth and dry matter, so as to fulfill the effect of increasing production of the accumulation of yield for many years.
（7）The present invention takes the method no longer transplanted after seed sowing, while it is made to extend growth phase naturally up to 15
Year or more, the Ginseng under Forest root reed of acquisition is long, and Pi Laowen is deep, must be long and thin clearly, there is the wild ginseng body characteristics of pearl knot on palpus,
Meanwhile the growth year of overlength is conducive to the accumulation of active ingredient, quality reaches the standard requirement of wild ginseng, fosters out good
Ginseng Products.
（8）The present invention meets national natural forest protection policy, efficiently solves the pre- insufficient contradiction for planting ginseng ground.It takes wide
Cyclopentadienyl the forest reserves, development parameter, scale Ginseng under Forest production, so as to generate good economic benefit and ecological benefits,
Ginseng industrial upgrading is pushed, realizes the sustainable use of ginseng resource, and provides the effective economic advantages transition production got rich
Pattern.
Specific embodiment
The technical method that a kind of high yield Ginseng under Forest is fostered, its step are as follows：
1st, environmental selection
（1）Climatic environment selects
Panax temperate plant, happiness is mild, cools, moist climate, and growing area is selected in Dunhua City, positioned at the resource of Changbai Mountain west hill foot of a hill or mountain, is located in
127 ° 28 ' -129 ° 17 ' of east longitude, 42 ° 42 ' -44 ° 30 ' of north latitude.Height above sea level is controlled on 500m level lands or flat hillock.Most hot month is averaged
Temperature is 20 DEG C, 33 DEG C of maximum temperature, and the lowest temperature is -41 DEG C, 3.5~5 DEG C of average temperature of the whole year, and frost-free period is 120~130
My god.>=10 DEG C of 2400~3200 DEG C of accumulated temperature.
（2）The topography locational choice
Selection afforestation rate will reach more than 80% forest land, and height above sea level is controlled in the mountainous region of 800m~1500m.Half cloudy half light
Southeast slope, Northeast Slope are convenient；The gentle slope that 30 °~50 ° of the gradient, is conducive to draining, avoids ponding, prevention soil and water loss.
500 meters of periphery distance without population centralized residence and any industrial enterprise, without air, water source pollution sources,
（3）Soil selects
Selecting pH value, the chaor of clay soil and grey explosion are aleak for 5.5~6.5 subacidity loam or sandy loam
Ginseng Growth, must be short, and red rust is more, prohibits choosing.Using surface layer 6~10cm humus soils, middle level as yellow ground soil, containing small gravel 10%~
15%, containing sand 25%~40% preferably, lower floor advantageously forms the line of wild ginseng, body for the soil texture of yellow mud layer.
（4）The selection of forest land vegetation
Forest land selects forest cover environment.The tall and big arbors such as upper strata toothed oak tree, birch, lime tree, Se Shu, elm；Middle level hairiness hazel,
The shrubs such as wilsonii, V. amurensis, cloves, Aralia elata；Earth's surface grass layer has the forest cover of fern, mountain wormwood artemisia, scouring rush, black false hellebore etc.
Environment.It disclosure satisfy that the basic demand of the obscurity and woodland miniclimate of Ginseng Growth, while can ensure to have every year abundant
Tree deciduous leaf supplements organic matter, and abundant nutrition is provided for Ginseng under Forest.
, site preparation
（1）It clears out a gathering place son
The miscellaneous filling wood that the pre- seed ginseng of hayashishita is influenced to growth is cleared up, and the shrubbery below 1 meter of height is all removed totally, is preferably connected
It has eradicated.Meanwhile the influence part branch of illumination and low layer branch above ginseng ground are cut down, to keep ventilation and penetrating light in woods, also
Remove mixed and disorderly bole and blocked up leaf in place.
（2）Plant section planning
Growing area and growth belt are planned according to chevron landforms.It is pedaled in 20~30m of spacing Hengshan Mountain, gutter, draining is done along hillside
The main work roads of 0.5m or so are stayed by ditch, that winding detour is stayed between the every 2.0~2.5m in growth belt centre divides work road, in order to field
Operation and tour, while playing prevents suslik unrest string from injuring ginseng.
（3）" hugging ground "
Not site preparation preserves the aboveground vegetation object that original hayashishita generates naturally.The leaf sowed on ground width is hugged on work road.First
Not rotten big leaf is hugged and is opened on non-seeding belt, is not backfilled.Half rotten leaf is hugged again to be put into and is stacked on one side, is treated after planting
Half rotten leaf is covered on seeding belt.
, introduces a collection selection
Ginseng is bred by seed, therefore seed quality quality is very big to Influence of production, and particularly Ginseng under Forest has growth
The particularity of environment, growth year is long, more to have special and higher requirement to seed selection.Selection has column ginseng, long neck, bamboo
" two gingivals cyst of mucous gland in the newborn " kind of the wild ginsengs features such as reed, line reed, the Ginseng under Forest of growth 10~15 years and the seed of wild ginseng are saved, is ensured
The Pest- or disease-free area of the genetic diseases such as rust rot and erythroderma is collected seed.
, presprouting of seeds processing
Ginseng seeds belong to form and the dual deep dormancy seed of physiology.Because Forest habitat condition is poor, directly sowing is not germinateed
The seed of processing, very long breach process, it is impossible to germinate on schedule, germination percentage can be led to by the plague of rats, emergence rate is low, and emergence is not
Neatly.Therefore, it is sowed using by the seed of vernalization breach.
The directly outdoor natural vernalization facture of wet seed is taken, rinses full fresh seed with clear water at the beginning of 7 the end of month Augusts
Afterwards, 1 is pressed with fine sand：3 ratios are mixed thoroughly, are adjusted humidity pack and are carried out vernalization.Higher in topography on the sunny side and slightly acclive place,
140~150 centimetres wide, 20~25 centimetres deep, germination slot of the length depending on grain weight is dug along slope.The seed of sand will be mixed
Bag is lain in ditch, and 7~10 centimetres of blinding is more slightly higher than ground, and upper cover fallen leaves and grass make vernalization under seed natural environment.Note
It is intended to fall seed 1 time every 10~15 days vernalization breach early period, the breach later stage fell 1 time every 7 days.Simultaneously moisture is adjusted to be transferred to
Hand holds agglomerating, the i.e. scattered humidity of hand pine.Through 3~4 months under 20~12 DEG C round the clock temperature match curing conditions, seed nature breach rate was 80%
More than, embryo rate indicates seed completion morphology after-ripening up to 60%.Before freezing, breach seed is sowed, in field low temperature
Under it is overwintering completion physiology after-ripening.
, sowing
Seed Jing Guo germination treatment is soaked seed 20 minutes prior to seeding with 50% polyoxin, pre- disease prevention occurs, and is selected in late
Autumn to soil it is freeze-up before sow.Shallow ridges broadcasting method is taken out, according to 3~5cm of spacing in the rows, 20~30cm of line-spacing, uses specific purpose tool
The method sowing of 3~5 centimetres of shallow ridges is hugged into, leaf mould is covered after broadcasting, sows 3~4kg per acre
6th, tending management
（1）Illumination management
Ginseng is heliophobous plant, and the size of intensity of illumination directly influences its fertility, yield and quality.It is excessively luxuriant to forest
Close, the excessive standing forest of canopy density suitably removes arborous layer and sets fork progress sparse woods on a small quantity, and shade rate is made to be maintained at 50~60%, is being planted
Indivedual place crown canopies are dilute in growing area, the strong skylight of illumination occur, can draw to adjust illumination or use sunshade by the branches and leaves of adjacent tree crown
Net covering.
（2）Temperature management
The power of illumination can moderately adjust temperature in woods in woods, can pass through during suspend mode in winter and prune and intermediate cutting germinates branch
Carry out temperature in appropriate adjustment woods；Retain deadwood every year to Ginseng under Forest, leaf layer can also play cold-proof effect.
（3）Top dressing management
Ginseng under Forest foliage top dressing helps cauline leaf and grows, is healthy and strong and in great numbers.Soya-bean cake is beaten into essence into powder, by artificial fermentation, pours and is filled in
Soil surface, each growth period respectively in leaf stretching period, bloom before, respectively imposed before result 1 time.
（4）Weeding
Annual late May to early June carries out a weeding, when light transmittance is not achieved 30%~40% with reaping hook slice off big grass and
It sets bud, but uprooting weed or not destroy the root system that native surface layer injures grass, original ecological environment, simulation open country mountain should not destroyed as possible
The habitat of ginseng wipes out bottom grass using scissors, stays the base opening of 5cm.
（5）Turk sequence
In order to not influence the output and quality of ginseng root, do not reserve seed for planting in first 10 years of Ginseng under Forest growth.Annual initial bloom stage is all by plant
Inflorescence in bennet away from all pinching at the bright 3cm of compound leaf, to reduce nutrient competition, improve ginseng Root yield.
, disease pest rat plague control
（1）Disease control
Ginseng under Forest is grown under wild environment, after broadcasting seed emergence, it may appear that some slight diseases find diseased plant, take out in time simultaneously
It destroys, while pays attention to not prescinding ground plant too early in the fall, in order to avoid rotten ginseng.It generates, can suitably spray if any large area disease
Less-persistent pesticide is applied, prevention is squirted with 800~1000 times of Mancozebs, gos and buy Chinese medicine 1 time every half a month, continuously makes a call to 2 years later,
Seedlings is waited to adapt to field grown environment, just do not have to go and buy Chinese medicine again.
（2）Pest control
Endangering hayashishita wild ginseng subterranean pest-insect has mole cricket, wireworm, grub, cutworm etc., and amount is not required to catch and kill when few, can when measuring big
Carry out artificial trapping.Honey, which is stained with, using deep-fried twisted dough sticks is embedded in woodland Ginseng Growth areas adjacent, after 24-48 hours, after insect drilling, people
Work grabs worm by it except dead.
（3）Rat plague control
The muroid mainly lived to Ginseng under Forest has Siberian chipmunk, mole, vole, zokor.
Prevention mouse is needed to gnaw seed during sowing, growth period, which prevents from digging a hole, destroys growing environment, gnaws ginseng root.
Manually slaughter：Meet plague of rats generation takes capture measure to eliminate the plague of rats as possible.Mainly the physics such as rattrap is taken to kill mouse
Measure kills mouse.
Period poison bait：With 0.5 kilogram of Bromadiolone or zinc phosphide, stir full fat soybean powder or fry 15~25 kilograms of beancake powder,
Big 0.5 kilogram of oil is made into poison bait.Raticide is launched during annual early spring ice dissolution, poison bait is dropped in ginseng ground surrounding（Rand is 10 meters wide
Range）, 1 meter of dispensing a pile.It around the ginseng ground for finding rat hole, takes and sees that hole is poisoned bait, throw from 15~30 centimeters of hole,
Per 10~20 grams of hole, in the place for being not easy to find rat hole, equidistant bait of poisoning is taken, poison bait a pile is spread every 5~10 meters of throwing, often heap
5~6 grams.
Remove dead mouse：After catching and killing, dead mouse is cleared up in time, is carried out far from ginseng ground and living area buried.
Keep off mouse fence：Seed field surrounding is placed with plastic cloth, high 1 meter or more, can stop that Siberian chipmunk enters ginseng field.
, nurse management
Ginseng under Forest base, which should take, seals a mountain pass, seals ditch and be managed.Stranger is forbidden to forbid putting into livestock entering throughout the year
It herds, other people is forbidden to enter interior progress and arbitrarily cuts bavin and the grade operations that cut down forest.Set up protection network.After fallen leaves, wild boar arch food is prevented,
In base, surrounding builds nurse room, supports police dog, and patrol is often nursed inside and outside base.
, ginseng fruit harvesting and threshing
（1）Join fruit harvesting
10 years raw Ginseng under Forest of growth carry out fruit picking and obtain seed, and due to Ginseng under Forest the seeding stage is inconsistent, growth progress difference
Larger, the ginseng fruit maturity period is also very inconsistent, and therefore, ginseng fruit harvesting should be accomplished with ripe with adopting.It, will with hand when fruit is fully red ripe
Fruit is once pinched lower or is cut at floral axis 1/3, and disease fruit is removed.
（2）Join fruit threshing
Ginseng under Forest growth conditions is special, pollination is bad, usually joins fruit and seed is smaller than garden ginsent, and pulp amount is also few, and pericarp is thick, flat
Grain is more.Therefore, stranding seed is eluriated in fruit threshing with clear water repeatedly, and clean drift goes to be also noted that removal empty grain while pulp,
Clean seed is pulled out, is placed on mat and dries surface moisture, it must not the exposure under strong light.Then vernalization is carried out.
, ginseng root harvesting
Ginseng under Forest starts to harvest within 15 years or more.Collecting season is the first tenday period of a month in August in autumn to September, and ginseng leaf turns yellow, and more hibernaculum is swollen
It is carried out before big.It is disposably excavated for the ease of making goods and large quantities of batch sales, concentrates harvest.It can also be only to reaching a set pattern
The Ginseng under Forest of lattice is excavated, and not up to specification continues to foster, row excavation again after specification to be achieved.
After first neighbouring weeds dry branches and fallen leaves is cleaned out during excavation, with bamboo needle from far near, soil is gently dialled, around
The characteristics of gently separating, lie down growth in the soil according to ginseng soil finds out the direction of main body root, according to the raw size of plant year
Determining the size of excavation range, the depth generally dug should reach ginseng root bottom part, make to empty in ginseng bottom, be careful to exclude, until
Ginseng main body is exposed, then rejects the soil between ginseng palpus at leisure, ensures that the ginseng dug out is intact.
It is careful carefully, to be careful not to get rid of reed head, fibrous root, pearl knot, it is impossible to touch broken skin during ginseng root excavation.It is noted that
Holding head, Ding, leg, palpus etc. are complete.
After Ginseng under Forest is dug out, timely fresh-keeping storing and transporting, so as not to it is air-dried or rotten.It is preserved after harvesting with moss, then in pin
It sells or processes
11 ginseng root processing
（1）It scrubs
First parametric amplifier is entered in clear water, the short time impregnates, and is then lightly washed off mud scum with hand, then carried out in clear water with hairbrush
Light brush, until the mud scum outwash on body will be joined, it should be noted that not get rid of reed head, root, pearl knot, it is impossible to brush broken skin etc..
（2）Drying
Contain loss of volatile oil to reduce in ginseng root, in the case that processing capacity is little, lamp box oven drying method is preferably taken, at one
In case, the light bulb of 100 watts or 150 watts is put, quantity can be depending on size of a case and processing capacity.Some hooks are set simultaneously,
The ginseng washed with cotton rope is bound, water purification is controlled, hangs over hook, it is made to be maintained a certain distance with light bulb, opening light bulb, one
As greatly ginseng baking 24 hours or so, it is small ginseng baking 15 hours or so.It bakes to seven or eight points and does, dry under field conditions (factors).After dry
Ginseng should be strong, epidermis strong yellow of pinching quality with hand, texture understand be considered as it is dried.
（3）Drying
In the case that processing capacity is big, using method for airing.Fresh ginseng through having scrubbed is placed in sun-drying tray respectively by size, in order to
Main hatred and palpus leg is made to do simultaneously, leg not solarization in paper cap should must be used, can stirred 1-2 times daily, while suitably 30 DEG C of left sides of sprinkling
Right warm water makes to do simultaneously inside and outside ginseng, prevents ginseng body from taking out ditch, until drying.If even rainy day or day are encountered during processing
Under conditions of solarization is had any problem, fresh parametric amplifier can be dried in drying room, indoor temperature needs to be maintained at 40 DEG C or so.
, vanning keeping
According to wild ginseng（Ginseng under Forest）Quality standard is graded, and is generally placed upon in the solid carton chest of quality, during vanning, is needed
Damp softening is played, ginseng body is dredged and is extended, one layer of parametric amplifier, one layer of paper isolation is prevented from overstocking and be fractureed when transporting.
Claims (1)
1. the technical method that a kind of high yield Ginseng under Forest is fostered, it is characterised in that step is as follows：
（1）Environmental selection
（a）Climatic environment selects
Ginseng planting area is selected in Dunhua City, and positioned at the resource of Changbai Mountain west hill foot of a hill or mountain, 3.5~5 DEG C of average temperature of the whole year, frost-free period is 120~130
My god, >=10 DEG C of 2400~3200 DEG C of accumulated temperature；
（b）The topography locational choice
Selection afforestation rate will reach more than 80% forest land, and height above sea level is controlled in the mountainous region of 800m~1500m, half cloudy half light
Southeast slope, Northeast Slope；The gentle slope that 30 °~50 ° of the gradient, 500 meters of periphery is without air, the pollution sources at water source；
（c）Soil selects
PH value is selected using surface layer humus soil, middle level as yellow ground soil, to contain for 5.5~6.5 subacidity loam or sandy loam
Small gravel, lower floor are the soil texture of yellow mud layer；
（d）The selection of forest land vegetation
Forest land selects forest cover environment, the tall and big arbor of upper strata toothed oak tree, birch, lime tree, Se Shu, elm；Middle level hairiness hazel, thorn
Slender acanthopanax, V. amurensis, cloves, Aralia elata shrub；Earth's surface grass layer have fern, mountain wormwood artemisia, scouring rush, black false hellebore forest cover environment；Energy
Enough meet the basic demand of the obscurity and woodland miniclimate of Ginseng Growth, while can ensure there is abundant tree deciduous leaf every year
Organic matter is supplemented, abundant nutrition is provided for Ginseng under Forest；
(2) site preparation
（1）It clears out a gathering place son
Shrubbery below 1 meter of height of hayashishita is all removed totally, is preferably uprooped；Cut down part branch and low layer branch；
（2）Plant section planning
Growing area and growth belt are planned according to chevron landforms, gutter is done along hillside, and that stays winding detour divides work road；
（3）Hug ground
Not site preparation preserves the aboveground vegetation object that original hayashishita generates naturally；The leaf sowed on ground width is hugged on work road；
(3) introduces a collection selects
Selection has " two gingivals cyst of mucous gland in the newborn " kind of column ginseng, long neck, ring reed, line reed wild ginseng feature, the hayashishita of growth 10~15 years
Ginseng and the seed of wild ginseng；
(4) presprouting of seeds is handled
The directly outdoor natural vernalization facture of wet seed is taken, germination slot is dug along slope；The seed packet for having mixed sand is lain in slot,
Completion morphology after-ripening；Before freezing, breach seed is sowed, the overwintering completion physiology after-ripening under the low temperature of field；
(5) it sows
By the seed Jing Guo germination treatment prior to seeding with soaking seed, pre- disease prevention occurs, and is selected in late fall to the freeze-up preceding sowing of soil；
Take out shallow ridges broadcasting method；
(6) tending management
（a）Illumination management
Excessively dense to forest, the excessive standing forest of canopy density suitably removes arborous layer and sets fork progress sparse woods on a small quantity, protects shade rate
It holds 50~60%, indivedual place crown canopies are dilute in growing area, the strong skylight of illumination occur, can draw the branches and leaves of adjacent tree crown to come
It adjusts illumination or is covered with sunshade net；
（b）Temperature management
Germinate branch with intermediate cutting come temperature in appropriate adjustment woods by pruning during suspend mode in winter；Retain every year to Ginseng under Forest withered
Branch, leaf layer can also play cold-proof effect；
（c）Top dressing management
Ginseng under Forest foliage top dressing, soya-bean cake is beaten pure into powder, is poured by artificial fermentation, each growth period respectively in leaf stretching period, open
It is respectively imposed before Hua Qian, result 1 time；
（d）Weeding
Annual late May to early June carries out a weeding, slices off big grass and tree bud with reaping hook, should not destroy as possible original
Ecological environment, wipe out bottom grass using scissors, stay the base opening of 5cm；
（e）Turk sequence
Ginseng under Forest not all pinched by the annual initial bloom stage of seed-plot in bennet away from whole at the bright 3cm of compound leaf by the inflorescence of plant；
(7) disease pest rat plague control
（a）Disease control
It was found that diseased plant takes out and destroys in time, while pays attention to not prescinding ground plant too early in the fall, in order to avoid rotten ginseng；If any big
Area disease generates, and can suitably spray less-persistent pesticide；
（b）Pest control
Honey is stained with using deep-fried twisted dough sticks and is embedded in woodland Ginseng Growth areas adjacent, and after 24-48 hours, after insect drilling, manually grabbing worm will
It is except dead；
（c）Rat plague control
Manually slaughter：Meet plague of rats generation takes capture measure to eliminate the plague of rats as possible；It is main take rattrap physics kill mouse measure into
Row kills mouse；
Period poison bait：Raticide is launched during annual early spring ice dissolution, poison bait, which is dropped in, joins ground surrounding, 10 meters of wide scopes of rand, and one
Rice launches a pile；Around the ginseng ground for finding rat hole, take and see that hole is poisoned bait；
Remove dead mouse：After catching and killing, it is buried that dead mouse is cleared up in time；
Keep off mouse fence：Seed field surrounding is placed with plastic cloth, and blocking Siberian chipmunk enters ginseng field；
(8) nurse management
Ginseng under Forest base, which should take, seals a mountain pass, seals ditch and be managed, and forbids in other people enter；Set up protection network；In base, surrounding, which is built, sees
It protects room, support police dog, patrol is often nursed inside and outside base；
(9) harvesting of ginseng fruit and threshing
（1）Join fruit harvesting
10 years raw Ginseng under Forest of growth carry out fruit picking and obtain seed, and harvesting should be accomplished with ripe with adopting；Fruit is once pinched down with hand
Or it is cut at floral axis 1/3, and disease fruit is removed；
（2）Join fruit threshing
Stranding seed is eluriated in fruit threshing with clear water repeatedly, and clean drift goes to be also noted that removal empty grain while pulp, by what is cleaned
Seed is pulled out, is placed on mat and is dried surface moisture, must not the exposure under strong light；
(10) ginseng root harvesting
Ginseng under Forest starts to harvest within 15 years or more；Collecting season is the first tenday period of a month in August in autumn to September, and ginseng leaf turns yellow, and more hibernaculum is expanded
Preceding progress；It is disposably excavated for the ease of making goods and large quantities of batch sales, concentrates harvest；
(11) ginseng root processing
（a）It scrubs
It scrubs Shi Yaoxian to enter parametric amplifier in clear water, the short time impregnates, and then lightly rubs with the hands by mud scum, then with hairbrush clear with hand
It is gently brushed in water, until the mud scum outwash on body will be joined；
（b）Drying
In the case that processing capacity is little, lamp box oven drying method is taken, the ginseng washed is bound with cotton rope, it is made to be kept with light bulb
A certain distance is opened light bulb, is toasted；
（c）Drying
It is processed when processing capacity is big using the method for drying；Fresh ginseng through having scrubbed, which is placed in sun-drying tray, to be dried；If adding
The even rainy day is encountered between duration, fresh parametric amplifier can be dried in drying room；
(12) vanning keeping
Ginseng according to size is graded, is placed in the solid carton chest of quality.
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