CN105875310A - Apple cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an apple cultivation method, in particular to an apple cultivation method. The apple cultivation method comprises cultivation methods in a germination stage, a flowering stage, a young fruit stage, an expanding stage of young fruits, an expanding stage of fruit trees, and a fruit picking period. Apples cultivated by the apple cultivation method provided by the invention are good in mouthfeel, regular in fruit shape, fast in fruit expanding, good in color, and good in surface gloss, and the sugar degree and the selling price are greatly improved.

Description

A kind of cultural method of Fructus Mali pumilae

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of fruit cultivation method, particularly to the cultural method of a kind of Fructus Mali pumilae.

Background technology

Under prior art, the cultural method of Fructus Mali pumilae is as follows:

One, the breeding that accords with the demands of the market and suitable planting type are selected

1, main breeding:

Precocious: rattan herds No. 1, Xin Gala, Shan Xia.

Mid-late ripening: marshal system (the tenth generation), red king general, New World, Xin Qiaonajin.

Late-maturing: the short rich major clique (No. 1-3) of favour, cigarette richness major clique (No. 1-6).

2, planting type:

(1) tall anvil brachyplast dense planting.Mains micromalus, midget crabapple, Henan Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii etc. is selected to make stock, the excellent Spur Type Varieties of grafting. The garden density of building is generally 3 × 4；2×4；3×5.

(2) short anvil dense planting.Dwarfing interstock: selecting Mains micromalus to make base anvil, intermediate stock is based on M7, M26, M9, on it The improved seeds such as grafting cigarette richness major clique, short rich major clique.Dwarf rootstocks: there is good control at grafting improved seeds on root anvil Secondly make use, be best with M26, MM106, be M7, grafting improved seeds on it, generally cigarette richness 1-5 or its The Qiao Guan kind of his series.

Two, a large amount of applying organic manures, carry out rational application of fertilizers, carry out scientific application of irrigation

Orchard fertilising can ensure that the various nutrients required for supply fruit tree growth, improves soil physico-chemical property, is conducive to soil The activity that earth is biological, thus improve constantly soil fertility, create favorable conditions for growth and development of fruit tree.But the most that element mistake Many, very few all fruit tree can be damaged, the most reasonably combined use organic and inorganic fertilizer, can be only achieved high yield, excellent Matter, efficient purpose.

1, applying organic manure

Orchard fertilising blindly can not should carry out soil test and morphological diagnosis before fertilising, to determine fertilising classification and quantity.Organic Fertilizer includes barnyard manure, become thoroughly decomposed chicken manure and various animal dung etc., the cake fertilizer content of organic matter is high, is best fertilizer.Require every kg Fruit executes 1.5-2kg fertilizer, preferably executes once every 2-3, and general mu executes 4000-5000kg.Fertilization time is with late August It is best to mid-September, it is possible to use to fallen leaves after adopting.Fertilizing method is generally ring bar ditch, annular groove or radiation in the ranks Shape ditch, in the outer rim of crown mapping, digs deep 50-60 centimetre, the annular groove of wide 40-50 centimetre, applies fertilizer, backfill soil, Having peace of mind is also poured water, and additive method can refer to this method to be carried out.

2, rational application of fertilizers

Apple tree nitrogen, phosphorus, the ratio general treelet phase of potassium are 2: 2: 1, and fruiting period is 1.5: 1: 2.Dose is produced by it 100 jin of Fructus Mali pumilaes need 1 jin of purity nitrogen, and other element applies the most in proportion.The apple specialing fertilizer of the many brands used on producing at present Most Fructus Mali pumilae formula used, if not then carrying out by the needs appropriate optimum period of its nitrogen, phosphorus, the content of potassium and Fructus Mali pumilae itself. It addition, the trace element such as calcium, zinc, ferrum should be supplemented in conjunction with fertilising is appropriate.Main fertilizer application period: 1. to (March 25 before blooming after rudiment Day was to April 10), this phase is based on nitrogen, and applies the 60-70% of annual total nitrogen requirement.2. before bud differentiation and Fruit Phase (late May is to early June), this phase nitrogen should apply 20-30%, and phosphorus, potassium then apply the 40-50% of annual total amount.③ In the fruit growth later stage (JIUYUE early and middle ten days), this phase based on phosphorus, potassium, applies annual phosphorus, potassium total amount in conjunction with using of fertilizer 50-60%, about the 10% of nitrogen total amount.Fertilizing method: the outer rim at tree crown digs deep 15-20 centimetre, long 80-100 centimetre Shallow ridges 3-5, mix in fertilizer is sprinkled into ditch equably and with soil, rear earthing.Stagger in the position with last time of topdressing next time, Pour water at once after fertilising.

3, foliage top dressing

Foliage top dressing i.e. foliage application, its advantage be fertilizer efficiency limited soon, not by edaphic condition, utilization rate of fertilizer high, can be direct Meet fruit tree needs, but only as auxiliary fertilizer.The kind topdressed typically has nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, ferrum, zinc, boron etc., The general whole year can be carried out 6-8 time, fruit bagging (June 30) the most then based on nitrogen, calcium, boron, afterwards with phosphorus, potassium, ferrum, Zinc etc. are main, the carbamide of generally 0.3%, phosphoric acid diamidogen, Borax, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, the aminoacid of 500-600 times Class is combined solution etc..

4, scientific application of irrigation

Irrigation can not only ensure the apple tree requirement to moisture, and can also adjustably temperature, but pour water and improper will also result in bigger damage Lose, therefore should be according to the law of needing the water of Fructus Mali pumilae, in good time science is poured water.

Watering period is divided into three times the most every year, and its best period is rudiment to (the 25-4 month in March 9) before blooming, and swollen fruit water is i.e. After fallen flowers, 10-15 days (on May about 20), freeze-up water (early and middle ten days in November), freeze water without embedding, it is possible in next year 3 Water before bud was filled before the moon 20.It addition, to carry out pouring water and draining according to the drought and waterlogging situation in orchard.

Irrigation method has filling tree dish, furrow irrigation, the filling of full garden, drip irrigation and spray irrigation etc., and before general bud, water and freeze-up hydromining are irrigated with full garden, Remaining can use filling tree dish, in the ranks irrigate through furrow.Ground with good conditionsi can use sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation.

Three, moderate pruning, adjusts structure, controls branch amount

Tree-like based on improved-spindle, base portion retains 3-4 relatively scaffold limb, and a little spindle, height of tree control are cultivated in middle and upper part System is at about 3 meters, and crown diameter 2.5-3.5 rice, the larger result branch group of middle and upper part controls at 6-8.

First have to be formed the angle of skeleton branch when winter cuts.Major branch angle keeps 70-80 degree, removes overstocked bough simultaneously, opens Light path；It is main for taking to dredge, slow, dredge, way that condensed phase combines, remove too much close raw branch, the branch of excessive growth, thin and delicate branch and many Remaining tip of a branch branch, contracts in time and cuts weak tediously long fruitful branch, control back branch, and finally making bough group spacing is 60 cm, Middle branch group spacing 40 cm, sprig group spacing 20 cm, the winter cut after make mu branch amount control, within 80,000, to make Tree crown lopwood is shown in that light, fruit fruit are shown in light.

The season of growth should carry out the summer in time and cut, and removes upright prosperous branch, close raw branch and cuts the germinating branch of kerf, increases in tree crown Transmittance.Additionally should pass through in time pinching, turn round the tip, by measures such as branches, cultivate healthy and strong fruit-bearing shoot cluster, it is achieved high yield, steady The purpose of product.

Four, florescence pollination and flower and fruit thinning are done well

The self-flowering fruiting rate of Fructus Mali pumilae is relatively low, and Fuji apple is the lowest, and many florescences in time run into the calamities such as low temperature, sand and dust, strong wind Evil weather, directly influences yield then and quality.Therefore, florescence artificial supplementary pollination has extremely important effect.

The pollination of Fructus Mali pumilae mainly uses honeybee pollination and artificial pollination two kinds, honeybee pollination general 3-5 mu to put a case, the most also may be used The Osmia cornifrons exceeding Apis by mobility is pollinated.Here the artificial pollination of Fructus Mali pumilae is introduced.

1, artificial pollination

Select optimum pollinated variety, petal is closed on and opens or flower that petal has just opened is adopted down, be placed on ferrum sieve, use Hands is rubbed with the hands the most back and forth, it is possible to two handss respectively take one to spend stranding, are placed on a more smooth blank sheet of paper by pinch flower pesticide rubbed with the hands, are placed in Ventilating preferably, temperature, in the environment of 20-25 DEG C, notices that temperature is the highest and not can exceed that 27 DEG C, about about 12 hours, flower pesticide Splitting voluntarily, pollen is taken out standby, if needing pure pollen, medicine shell is filtered by available thin square-bottomed bamboo basket, and remaining yellow powder is i.e. It is 100% pure pollen.(2) pollination.The method of pollination has liquid pollination and artificial pollination two kinds.1. liquid pollination: by 100% Glycosuria pollen liquid made by pure pollen, and concrete configuration proportion is 1kg water: 2 grams of pollen: 3 grams of carbamide: 4 grams of Boraxs: 50 grams White sugar.Compound method is first to be added in 0.8kg water by 30 grams of white sugar, is simultaneously introduced 3 grams of carbamide and is made into glycosuria liquid, will the most again 20 grams of white sugar join in remaining 0.2kg water, then add pollen 2 grams, stir evenly, overanxious after pour in glycosuria liquid, spray before add 4 grams of Boraxs or 1 gram of boric acid, typically 60% the flowers are in blossom put time spray use, it is uniform, thorough to accomplish.2. artificial pollination: will get ready Pollen collecting in Brown Glass Brown glass bottles and jars only, award with pencil (by the rubber tip) point of brush pen (hair is thinner) or band rubber, dip in and once can put 6-8 Piece flower, each inflorescence point awards 1-2 flower, and based on middle disc flower, the time rests in the same day that the flowers are in blossom puts, and gynoecium end of the branch is light yellow green Color and glossy time carry out, the brown if end of the branch has turned yellow, illustrate that this spends the open hour longer, pollination the most to no effect, optional Other flower carries out a little awarding.

2, flower and fruit thinning, flower thinning typically stretches out the phase from inflorescence, how much carries out according to flower amount, stays every 15-20 centimetre one thick Strong inflorescence, then all removes the inflorescence that other are unnecessary.Within after fallen flowers 2 weeks, start fruit thinning, typically stay 1 fruit by 20-25 centimetre, The most also can be by Shoot-fruit ratio 5-6: 1 or leaf-fruit ratio 50-60: 1, the most only stay single fruit, fruitlet shape as loud, high-pitched sound draw, Shan Xia also may be used Stay double fruit, by flower and fruit thinning, its highest per mu yield is controlled within 2500-3000kg.

Four, coloring management is strengthened

The color and luster of Apple removes foreign genetic element, mainly by sugar content, illumination, temperature, moisture, mineral nutrition and plant The impact of growth regulator.Therefore, strengthen orchard soil rich water integrated management, on the basis of strict flower and fruit thinning, promote fruit Real bagging and improvement tree body illumination condition are to promote fruit color, improve the effective technology of fruit face fineness.

1, in good time bagging with except bag

(1) paper bag selects.The paper bag being suitable in apple production at present has single ply bag, double-ply bag, plastic film bag, is divided into by its quality Many plant, the double-ply bag relatively low for single ply bag and quality that my district is used mostly, for producing high-quality Fructus Mali pumilae, from now on should be with The double-ply bag that Japan's holt bag, Taiwan, Longkou produce is main, a small amount of monolayer, bilayer and the plastic film bag that use locality to produce.

(2) period of bagging and method (as a example by import double-ply bag).Under bagged stage should be selected in 6 months after Fruit physiology shedding Ten days is to early July.Bagging time should be selected in the morning 9 when afternoon 6, so can be effectively prevented from burning day.The method of bagging, The blow vent at fruit bag two base angle is opened, makes bag body expansion, hands hold 2-3 centimeters under bag mouth, put fruit, make fruit stem be in The open base of bag, then bag mouth press the method folding bag mouth of folding fan successively by centre to both sides, tears at line mouth is connected above Opening, turn 90 degrees counter for bounding wire, rotate a circle along bag mouth and tighten bag mouth, bag mouth the most upwards, is allowed to, close to Guo Tai position, allow Young fruit is unsettled in bag, in case fruit bag friction fruit face, notices that bounding wire is not clipped on fruit stem, in case fruit stem is impaired simultaneously.Set The order of bag should be first up and then down, and from inside outwards, single ply bag can refer to carry out.

(3) except period and the method for bag.Fructus Mali pumilae plucks the period of bag from bag kind, kind is different and has bigger difference, yellow green kind Single ply bag, can remove bag when gathering, and red cultivar uses single ply bag, within first about 30 days, tears in umbrella by bag in gathering, After 5-7 days, bag is removed, in case day burns；Red cultivar use double-ply bag within 30-40 days before fruit harvesting, first pluck outer bag, outer bag Inner bag is removed again through 4--5 fine day after removing.In one day suitably except time of bag be the morning 9 up to 11 time, afternoon 3 is up to 5 Time, avoid daylight the strongest time at noon, in order to avoid day burns as far as possible.

2, sparse branching lay reflex film

(1) sparse branching.For solving illumination in hat, give full play to the effect of its reflective membrane, before Fruit about 6 weeks, by outside tree crown Enclose and the close tissue regeneration promoting tip near fruit, the upright branch of excessive growth of back, close raw branch and in having a strong impact on hat the branch of illumination be thinning out, increase The intensity of direct light under tree crown, so that the suitable luminosity of tree crown reaches 20-30%.

(2) ground lay reflex film.Getting final product lay reflex film after sparse branching, the time is generally 5-6 week, the red richness of late variety before fruit picking Scholar is generally late September (fruit bagging should be after except bag).Typically limit is stayed respectively to spread a fabric width 1 at tree crown from trunk 0.5 meter Chu north-south The reflective membrane of rice, wide 1 meter with cut out again between strain, long with the reflective membrane laying depending on spacing in the rows, in the ranks stay the operation of about 1 meter Road, reclaims to clean by film before fruit picking and uses.

3, priming leaf and turn fruit

(1) priming leaf.Priming leaf is exactly to gather for the previous period blocking fruit face, affecting the blade removal of fruit color, and the time is for adopting Receive before 10-30 days, Fuji apple can be carried out for 25-30 days before adopting, other kinds can before adopting 18-25 days priming leaves.

Priming leaf is carried out the most at twice, and Fuji apple will paste fruit blade removal by the end of September for the first time, and second time is extractd around fruit The obscuring blade of branch top base portion in 5-10 cm range.Owing to this Comparision is taken a lot of work, it is possible to disposably extract, priming leaf be for The full 20-30% setting total leaf amount.

(2) fruit is turned.Typically carrying out after one week except bag, after the sunny slope of fruit fully colours, moving in the direction of the clock, make The in the shade face of fruit goes to sunny side, and place with good conditionsi can use adhesive tape to fix, and typically turns fruit 3-4 time, until whole fruit Till all coloring.

(3) spray fruit toner.In adopting the Fructus Mali pumilae toner of first 30--40 days sprayings twice 2000 times, separately add the phosphoric acid of 300 times Potassium dihydrogen mixed liquor, technique is only used as one and assists hyperchromic technology to use.

Six, the integrated control of pest and disease damage is done well

1, strengthen the prediction work of pest and disease damage, prevent and treat with a definite target in view.

2, before rudiment, clean orchard comprehensively, thoroughly strike off the ring spot speckle on branch and rough bark.Then the carbendazim of 50% it is coated with Wettable powder 50-100 extraordinarily penetrating agent, the carbendazim of last full tree spray 50-100 times or the lime sulfur of 5Be.

3, before and after the florescence can emphasis spraying d ichlorbenzuron No. 3 1500-2000 times, the cleanest 2000 times of demodicid mite, omethoate 1000 times and The antibacterial such as thiophanate methyl, carbendazim, is used for preventing and treating leaf miner, red spider, aphid, leaf roller and various pest and disease damage.Set 50% carbendazim 600 times or 800 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl within 2-3 days, are sprayed before Dai.Additionally need to combine spray medicine spray to bagging after spending Execute 2-3 all over 500 times of liquid of amino acid calcium.

4, to fruit picking, 200 times of times amount formula Bordeaux mixture, the Mancozeb of 80% or big raw 800 times of liquid of M45 are sprayed after bagging For several times, typically sprayed one time every 10-15 days.

5, to before surviving the winter after fruit picking, remove fallen leaves, weeds, cut sick branch, really, buried or burn.Ring spot is serious Tree, the carbendazol wettable powder of full tree spray one time 100 times.

Seven, optimum harvest and finely plucking

The Fructus Mali pumilae of different cultivars should be gathered in the local period of maturation by it, too early, the most all affects its interior quality, red richness Scholar's Fructus Mali pumilae is that late October is to early November in the collection period of Accessories during Binzhou.Should gently adopt during harvesting, put down gently, it is to avoid bruising, fingernail Stab and other mechanical injury, after plucking, i.e. cut flat fruit stem, strict hierarchy, put foam net, load fruit case.

Pass through above method, it is ensured that the normal growth of Fructus Mali pumilae and results, but its yield or relatively low, and fruit quality Typically.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve problem of the prior art, the invention provides the cultural method of a kind of Fructus Mali pumilae, it not only ensures the quality of Fructus Mali pumilae, And its yield can be increased substantially.

The technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:

A kind of cultural method of Fructus Mali pumilae, its method include the budding period, florescence, young fruit period, young fruit expanding stage, fruit tree expanding stage, The cultural method of picking fruit phase, it specifically includes:

A, budding period scrape trunk, topdress:

Strike off branch and always stick up skin, remove wintering pest source；A situation arises to check trunk disease, finds that sick scar is scraped in time and controls, transports to Concentrate outside garden and burn or buried；

Topdressing before rudiment, pour water, Hou Quan garden of topdressing is watered the most permeable；

Body spray PcP-Na agent is set before rudiment, wettable with 200,000,000/strain bacillusmusilaginosiengineering liquid bacterial agent 30 milliliters, 80% Tebuconazole Property powder 4g, 10% Difenoconazole granule 25g are watered 5kg and smear scab；

B, florescence, prevention and elimination of disease and pests, pollination

Reveal the red phase spray 48% chlorpyrifos ec 200g, 50% clofentezine cream 50g, instant boron 100ml, sugar alcohol calcium 200ml, 200000000/strain bacillusmusilaginosiengineering liquid bacterial agent 30 milliliters；

Employing Osmia cornifrons is pollinated, and when running into wet weather, strong wind, microthermal climate florescence, should carry out artificial supplementary pollination；

C, young fruit period, conditioning plant, fruit thinning, prevention and elimination of disease and pests:

Artificial fruit thinning, insect pest preventing and controlling, from the beginning of thanking and spending latter 1 week, sprayed an antibacterial at interval of 10 days, the most mixed spray insecticide, Acaricide；

D, young fruit expanding stage: bagging, prevention and elimination of disease and pests, topdress；

E, fruit tree expanding stage:

Topdress, spray foliage fertilizer full nutrition fertilizer 20-20-20+TE and liquid silicon fertilizer, August early and middle ten days soil topdressing；Soil topdressing Amount accounts for the 15% of annual dose, uses full nutrition fertilizer 17-9-34+TE formula, determines topdressing amount 5～10kg by result quantities；

Insect pest preventing and controlling: at the beginning of late July～8 months, by 80% Tebuconazole WP25g, complex state 80% Mancozeb 300g, 25% D ichlorbenzuron 150g, 2.5% gamma cyhalothrin EW300ml, full nutrition fertilizer 17-17-16+TE formula 200g, be watered 600 Jin, sprays after being uniformly mixed；

F, picking fruit phase:

Insect pest preventing and controlling, a situation arises takes the circumstances into consideration to spray medicine: polyoxin 200g, 60% benzene first Fluoxastrobin according to pest and disease damage for JIUYUE early and middle ten days Above medicament is watered 600 jin by granule 60g, 20% acetamiprid EC 300ml, 0.5% emamectin benzoate water Emulsion 300ml, stirring Spray after mix homogeneously；

Fruit takes off bag: red fuji apple takes off bag in late September to early October in good time, and the de-front orchard of bag to be watered the most permeable；And Time priming leaf, turn fruit, paving reflective membrane.

Basal dressing: precocious, middle-late ripening variety mid or late September after fruit harvesting, late variety is in mid or late October to 11 Basal dressing early after month the first tenday period of a month fruit harvestings, uses the slow-release fertilizer 200kg of NPK formula 16-9-20, the containing of organic matter >=45% Nucleotide fertilizer 350kg and composite microbic bacterial fertilizer 40kg, pours water after fertilising in time:

G, Qing Yuan, pruning fruit tree.

During young fruit period, the concrete grammar of prevention and elimination of disease and pests is:

Spray less than three times medicaments:

1) rear first pass is spent: thank the first tenday period of a month in May about colored one week after:

Full nutrition fertilizer 17-17-16+TE formula 200g, 10% Difenoconazole 50g, 2.5% gamma cyhalothrin EW300ml, 70% imidacloprid 30g, 2.2% octyl trichlamide triacontanol 200g, 10% polyoxin, 5% buprofezin suspension agent 200ml；

Above medicament is watered 400-600 jin, sprays after mix homogeneously, note wanting fine uniform；

2) spend latter second time: mid-May, by complex state 80% Mancozeb 300g, 50% methyl sulfur bacterium class SC200g, 2.5% Gamma cyhalothrin EW300ml, 10.2% A Wei pyridaben EC200ml, 70% imidacloprid 30g, 25% d ichlorbenzuron 200g, 2.2% octyl trichlamide triacontanol 200g, 25% buprofezin suspension agent 200ml；Above medicament is watered 400-600 jin, and mixing is all Spray after even, note wanting fine uniform；

3) after spending the 3rd time: late May, by full nutrition fertilizer ca and mg fertilizer 13-3-15-8Ca-2Mg+TE formula 200g, 80% penta Azoles alcohol WP25g, 50% thiophanate-methyl SC200g, 25% azacyclotin WP200g, 0.5% emamectin benzoate ME300ml are watered 400-600 Jin, sprays after mix homogeneously, notes wanting fine uniform.

Young fruit expanding stage, the concrete grammar of cultivation is:

1) fruit bagging, thanks and spends latter 30-40 days and start bagging, selects the red paraffin paper double-ply bag of high-quality, and the front orchard of bagging is watered once Permeable, and a garden systemic fungicide of spray and insecticide entirely；

2) flower bud differentiation period topdresses, and the flower bud differentiation period phase is also the period that fruit enters expanding stage, and about mid-June, orchard chases after Fertilizer once, selects the Chemical Mixed Fertilizer of 16-8-18 chloro type, executes by 10% soil of annual dose；

3) children, Wang Shuxia cut；

4) insect pest preventing and controlling: late June, uses 1: 2: 200 times of sprinkling of Bordeaux mixture to carry out insect pest preventing and controlling.

The technical scheme that the present invention provides has the benefit that

Fructus Mali pumilae is planted by the cultural method of a kind of Fructus Mali pumilae of the present invention, Fructus Mali pumilae is in good taste, really shape is just, swollen fruit is fast, color and luster good, Mass color is good, improves pol and selling price.

Detailed description of the invention

For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, embodiment of the present invention will be made the most detailed below Thin description.

Embodiment:

The cultural method of a kind of Fructus Mali pumilae of the present embodiment includes following methods:

One, scrape trunk March, topdress

Strike off branch and always stick up skin, remove wintering pest source.A situation arises to check trunk disease, finds that sick scar is scraped in time and controls, transports to Concentrate outside garden and burn or buried.

Topdress before rudiment, pour water.Based on nitrogenous fertilizer, be advisable to impose calcium ammonium nitrate in Apples In Mountainous Area garden, and dose is according to result Fixed, within general about 10 years, tree single plant yield uses 60kg in every mu of 100kg fruit tree, and Hou Quan garden of topdressing is watered the most permeable.

Body spray PcP-Na agent is set before rudiment, wettable with 200,000,000/strain bacillusmusilaginosiengineering liquid bacterial agent 30 milliliters, 80% Tebuconazole Property powder 4g, 10% Difenoconazole granule 25g be watered 5kg and smear scab, prevent and treat canker, dry rot, rough bark wheel stricture of vagina Sick.

Two, April-florescence, prevention and elimination of disease and pests, pollination

48% chlorpyrifos ec 200g, 50% clofentezine cream 50g, instant boron 100ml, sugar alcohol calcium can be sprayed revealing the red phase 200ml, 200,000,000/strain bacillusmusilaginosiengineering liquid bacterial agent 30 milliliters, regulation plant strain growth, prevention fruit drop, fruit-shrink disease, Bitter pit, prevent and treat tumor aphid, chafer, weevil, red spider.

Florescence pollinates.Employing Osmia cornifrons is pollinated, and when running into wet weather, strong wind, microthermal climate florescence, should carry out human assistance Pollination.

Three, May-young fruit period, nurses one's health plant, fruit thinning, prevention and elimination of disease and pests

Artificial fruit thinning, scientific application of irrigation, insect pest preventing and controlling.This month be wheel stricture of vagina decayed fruit disease, rust, spot defoliation, bollworm, The critical period of the preventing and treating such as green plant bug, applied perfume, apple leaf curling aphid.From the beginning of thanking and spending latter 1 week, at interval of spray in 10 days once Antibacterial, takes the circumstances into consideration mixed spray insecticide, acaricide.

Spend rear first pass: the first tenday period of a month in May thank about colored one week after

Full nutrition fertilizer 17-17-16+TE formula 200g, 10% Difenoconazole 50g, 2.5% gamma cyhalothrin EW300ml, 70% imidacloprid 30g, 2.2% octyl trichlamide triacontanol 200g, 10% polyoxin, 5% buprofezin suspension agent 200ml

Above medicament is watered 400-600 jin, sprays after mix homogeneously, note wanting fine uniform.

Spend latter second time: mid-May, by complex state 80% Mancozeb 300g, 50% methyl sulfur bacterium class SC200g, 2.5% height Effect lambda-cyhalothrin EW300ml, 10.2% A Wei pyridaben EC200ml, 70% imidacloprid 30g, 25% d ichlorbenzuron 200g, 2.2% octyl trichlamide triacontanol 200g, 25% buprofezin suspension agent 200ml；Above medicament is watered 400-600 jin, and mixing is all Spray after even, note wanting fine uniform.

Spend latter 3rd time: late May, by full nutrition fertilizer ca and mg fertilizer 13-3-15-8Ca-2Mg+TE formula 200g, 80% Tebuconazole WP25g, 50% thiophanate-methyl SC200g, 25% azacyclotin WP200g, 0.5% emamectin benzoate ME300ml are watered 400-600 Jin, sprays after mix homogeneously, notes wanting fine uniform.

Four, June-young fruit expanding stage: bagging, prevention and elimination of disease and pests, topdress

Fruit bagging.Thank and spend latter 30-40 days and start bagging, select the red paraffin paper double-ply bag of high-quality.The front orchard of bagging is watered the most saturating Water, and a garden systemic fungicide of spray and insecticide entirely.

Flower bud differentiation period topdresses.The flower bud differentiation period phase be also fruit enter expanding stage period, this phase be topdress water crucial time Phase；About mid-June, orchard is topdressed once, can select Chemical Mixed Fertilizer (16-8-18), executes by 10% soil of annual dose, To promote bud differentiation, to promote Fruit.

Children, Wang Shuxia cut.Based on thin competition branch top, overstocked branch top, the branch of excessive growth.

Insect pest preventing and controlling.With wheel stricture of vagina decayed fruit disease, rust, spot defoliation, yellow aphids, apple leaf miner, Kang Shi mealybug etc. before bagging For prevention emphasis.With spot defoliation, brown spot, spider mite kind etc. as prevention emphasis after bagging.

Late June: Bordeaux mixture 1: 2: 200 times.

Five, the 7-8 month-fruit tree expanding stage, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of topdressing

The 7-8 month is rainy season, should dredge excavation gutter in time, prevents long-pending flood.Ridging on row, ridge height 15-20 to be set in mooring basin orchard Centimetre, row spacing 2 meters.

Take the circumstances into consideration to spray foliage fertilizer full nutrition fertilizer 20-20-20+TE and liquid silicon fertilizer, August early and middle ten days soil topdressing.Soil topdressing amount Account for the 15% of annual dose, use full nutrition fertilizer 17-9-34+TE formula, determine topdressing amount 5～10kg by result quantities.

Tree dish covers grass.Crop straw, weeds are layed onto on tree dish, mu consumption 1000kg.The mowing as one sees fit of SHENGCAO orchard is overlying on tree dish.

Summer pruning.Treelet branch pulling and angle opening, removes competitive branch top and overstocked branch top.Become tree in age to remove excessive growth branch top, pull out Root turion.

Precocious, Early-medium maturing variety removes paper bag in first about 20 days at fruit maturation, and in good time priming leaf turns fruit, gathers.

Insect pest preventing and controlling: at the beginning of late July～8 months:

By 80% Tebuconazole WP25g, complex state 80% Mancozeb 300g, 25% d ichlorbenzuron 150g, 2.5% efficient chlorine fluorine cyanogen Chrysanthemum ester EW300ml, full nutrition fertilizer 17-17-16+TE formula 200g, be watered 600 jin, spray after being uniformly mixed.

Six, JIUYUE-October-insect pest preventing and controlling, the picking fruit phase, de-bag, basal dressing

Insect pest preventing and controlling: a situation arises takes the circumstances into consideration to spray medicine according to pest and disease damage for JIUYUE early and middle ten days；

Polyoxin 200g, 60% benzene first Fluoxastrobin granule 60g, 20% acetamiprid EC 300ml, 0.5% emamectin benzoate water Emulsion Above medicament is watered 600 jin by 300ml, sprays after being uniformly mixed.

Any pesticide is not sprayed after mid or late September.

Fruit takes off bag.Red fuji apple takes off bag in late September to early October in good time, and the de-front orchard of bag to be watered the most permeable.And Time priming leaf, turn fruit, paving reflective membrane, with promote fruit color, increase sugar.

Basal dressing.Precocious, middle-late ripening variety mid or late September after fruit harvesting, late variety is in mid or late October to 11 Basal dressing early after month the first tenday period of a month fruit harvestings, uses slow-release fertilizer (NPK formula 16-9-20) 200kg, the fertilizer containing nucleotide (has Machine matter >=45%) 350kg and composite microbic bacterial fertilizer 40kg.Pour water in time after fertilising.

Seven, 11-12 Yue Qing garden, pruning fruit tree

Clear garden.Clean fallen leaves, shedding, take off careless on trunk, and concentrate destruction, eliminate wintering pest.

Water freeze-up water.Before and after heavy snow before frozen soil, water the freeze-up water of foot, in order to fruit tree safe overwintering.

The ridging of treelet root, trunk smear white-out agent, in order to safe overwintering.

Winter pruning.Become age tree fallen leaves after i.e. start prune, in conjunction with the winter wipe out disease pest cause harm branch (as tumor aphid, canker, do The sprig that maize ear rot, powdery mildew cause harm) and sick mummy, take out of and destroy outside garden.Become the tree winter in age cut combine High Density Planting Orchard closing transformation carry out, When colony is overstocked will in a planned way in good time intermediate cutting, permanent tree press spindle-like and prunes or dredge layer shape transition to improvement, resolves ventilation saturating Optical condition, cuts rear mu and stays branch amount 8-10 ten thousand.

The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all the spirit and principles in the present invention it In, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement etc. made, should be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. a cultural method for Fructus Mali pumilae, its method includes that budding period, florescence, young fruit period, young fruit expanding stage, fruit tree are expanded Phase, the cultural method of picking fruit phase, it specifically includes:

A, budding period scrape trunk, topdress:

Strike off branch and always stick up skin, remove wintering pest source；A situation arises to check trunk disease, finds that sick scar is scraped in time and controls, transports to Concentrate outside garden and burn or buried；

Topdressing before sprouting thatch, pour water, Hou Quan garden of topdressing is watered the most permeable；

Body spray PcP-Na agent is set before rudiment, wettable with 200,000,000/strain bacillusmusilaginosiengineering liquid bacterial agent 30 milliliters, 80% Tebuconazole Property powder 4g, 10% Difenoconazole granule 25g are watered 5kg and smear scab；

B, florescence, prevention and elimination of disease and pests, pollination

Reveal the red phase spray 48% chlorpyrifos ec 200g, 50% clofentezine cream 50g, instant boron 100ml, sugar alcohol calcium 200ml, 200000000/strain bacillusmusilaginosiengineering liquid bacterial agent 30 milliliters；

Employing Osmia cornifrons is pollinated, and when running into wet weather, strong wind, microthermal climate florescence, should carry out artificial supplementary pollination；

C, young fruit period, conditioning plant, fruit thinning, prevention and elimination of disease and pests:

Artificial fruit thinning, insect pest preventing and controlling, from the beginning of thanking and spending latter 1 week, sprayed an antibacterial at interval of 10 days, the most mixed spray insecticide, Acaricide；

D, young fruit expanding stage: bagging, prevention and elimination of disease and pests, topdress；

E, fruit tree expanding stage:

Topdressing, spray foliage fertilizer full nutrition fertilizer 20-20-20+TE and liquid silicon fertilizer, on August early and middle ten days, earth topdresses；Soil topdressing Amount accounts for the 15% of annual dose, uses full nutrition fertilizer 17-9-34+TE formula, determines topdressing amount 5～10kg by result quantities；

Insect pest preventing and controlling: at the beginning of late July～8 months, by 80% Tebuconazole WP 25g, complex state 80% Mancozeb 300g, 25% D ichlorbenzuron 150g, 25% gamma cyhalothrin EW300ml, full nutrition fertilizer 17-17-16+TE formula 200g, be watered 600 Jin, sprays after being uniformly mixed；

F, picking fruit phase:

Insect pest preventing and controlling, a situation arises takes the circumstances into consideration to spray medicine: polyoxin 200g, 60% benzene first Fluoxastrobin according to pest and disease damage for JIUYUE early and middle ten days Above medicament is watered 600 Rooms by granule 60g, 20% acetamiprid EC 300ml, 0.5% emamectin benzoate water Emulsion 300ml, stirring Spray after mix homogeneously；

Fruit takes off bag: red fuji apple takes off bag in late September to early October in good time, and the de-front orchard of bag to be watered the most permeable；And Time priming leaf, turn fruit, paving reflective membrane.

Basal dressing: precocious, middle-late ripening variety mid or late September after fruit harvesting, late variety is in mid or late October to 11 Basal dressing early after month the first tenday period of a month fruit harvestings, uses the slow-release fertilizer 200kg of NPK formula 16-9-20, the containing of organic matter >=45% Nucleotide fertilizer 350kg and composite microbic bacterial fertilizer 40kg, pours water after fertilising in time；

G, Qing Yuan, pruning fruit tree.

The cultural method of a kind of Fructus Mali pumilae the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that when described young fruit period, preventing and treating The concrete grammar of pest and disease damage is:

Spray less than three times medicaments:

1) rear first pass is spent: thank the first tenday period of a month in May about colored one week after:

Full nutrition fertilizer 17-17-16+TE formula 200g, 10% Difenoconazole 50g, 2.5% gamma cyhalothrin EW300ml, 70% imidacloprid 30g, 2.2% octyl trichlamide triacontanol 200g, 10% polyoxin, 5% buprofezin suspension agent 200ml；

Above medicament is watered 400-600 jin, sprays after mix homogeneously, note wanting fine uniform；

2) spend latter second time: mid-May, by complex state 80% Mancozeb 300g, 50% methyl sulfur bacterium class SC200g, 2.5% Gamma cyhalothrin EW300ml, 10.2% A Wei pyridaben EC200ml, 70% imidacloprid 30g, 25% d ichlorbenzuron 200g, 2.2% octyl trichlamide triacontanol 200g, 25% buprofezin suspension agent 200ml；Above medicament is watered 400-600 jin, and mixing is all Spray after even, note wanting fine uniform；

3) after spending the 3rd time: late May, by full nutrition fertilizer ca and mg fertilizer 13-3-15-8Ca-2Mg+TE formula 200g, 80% penta Azoles alcohol WP25g, 50% thiophanate-methyl SC200g, 25% azacyclotin WP200g, 0.5% emamectin benzoate ME300ml are watered 400-600 Jin, sprays after mix homogeneously, notes wanting fine uniform.

The cultural method of a kind of Fructus Mali pumilae the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that at described young fruit expanding stage, plants The concrete grammar of training is:

1) fruit bagging, thanks and spends latter 30-40 days and start bagging, selects the red paraffin paper double-ply bag of high-quality, and the front orchard of bagging is watered once Permeable, and a garden systemic fungicide of spray and insecticide entirely；

2) flower bud differentiation period topdresses, and the flower bud differentiation period phase is also the period that fruit enters expanding stage, and about mid-June, orchard chases after Fertilizer once, selects the Chemical Mixed Fertilizer of 16-8-18 chloro type, executes by 10% soil of annual dose；

3) children, Wang Shuxia cut；

4) insect pest preventing and controlling: late June, uses 1: 2: 200 times of sprinkling of Bordeaux mixture to carry out insect pest preventing and controlling.