CN105993738A - Fruit bags special for winter peaches and application of fruit bags in winter peach cultivation, storage and transportation - Google Patents
Fruit bags special for winter peaches and application of fruit bags in winter peach cultivation, storage and transportation Download PDFInfo
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- CN105993738A CN105993738A CN201610373989.XA CN201610373989A CN105993738A CN 105993738 A CN105993738 A CN 105993738A CN 201610373989 A CN201610373989 A CN 201610373989A CN 105993738 A CN105993738 A CN 105993738A
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- fruit
- bag
- fructus persicae
- winter
- fertilizer
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0237—Devices for protecting a specific part of a plant, e.g. roots, trunk or fruits
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D91/00—Methods for harvesting agricultural products
- A01D91/04—Products growing above the soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D31/00—Bags or like containers made of paper and having structural provision for thickness of contents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D33/00—Details of, or accessories for, sacks or bags
- B65D33/01—Ventilation or drainage of bags
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D33/00—Details of, or accessories for, sacks or bags
- B65D33/16—End- or aperture-closing arrangements or devices
- B65D33/28—Strings or strip-like closures, i.e. draw closures
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D85/00—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials
- B65D85/30—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for articles particularly sensitive to damage by shock or pressure
- B65D85/34—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for articles particularly sensitive to damage by shock or pressure for fruit, e.g. apples, oranges or tomatoes
- B65D85/345—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for articles particularly sensitive to damage by shock or pressure for fruit, e.g. apples, oranges or tomatoes having a meshed or apertured closure to allow contents to breathe
Abstract
The invention relates to fruit bags special for winter peaches and application of the fruit bags in winter peach cultivation, storage and transportation. Inner bags of the fruit bags are made by pressing white wax paper coated with wax on a single face and foam grids, and the outer surface wax layers of the inner bags are outward and are pressed together with the foam grids. In winter peach cultivation, the special fruit bags are adopted for bagging management at flowering and fruit-bearing stages and are matched with a special winter peach pruning method, water and fertilizer integrated bag-controlled slow release fertilizer and other cultivation techniques or measures so as to achieve high-quality and high-yield winter peach production. In addition, the phenomenon that fruit surfaces are scratched during transportation applying the fruit bags special for winter peaches and paper bag picking and transportation and accordingly fruit quality and other problems are influenced can be effectively avoided.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of agricultural cultivation, be specifically related to a kind of winter Fructus Persicae special fruit bag and in winter Fructus Persicae
Application in cultivation and accumulating.
Background technology
Yunnan Province's peach tree cultivation history is long, distribution is wide, and 16 states (city) of the whole province have plantation, especially
It is the peach fruit product of eating raw that Yunnan winter Fructus Persicae has become whole nation listing in unique winter, by Beijing, Shanghai, wide
The Southeast Asia fruit whole sellers such as provinces and regions and Malaysia such as state, Shenzhen, Xinjiang try to be the first panic buying well sold and in short supply fruit.
Strategic for country " band one tunnel ", faced by Yunnan Province, Southeast Asia, the advantage in geography in South Asia highlight.
Temperate zone fruit and Southeast Asia, the tropical fruit (tree) in South Asia have stronger complementarity and advantage in geography, Southeast Asia
Country is due to buddhism belief and consumption habit, and peach fruit product have the bigger market demand.According to investigation in 2014
Display: Yunnan Province reaches 1000 tons by the trading volume of peach fruit product every day that port, river mouth exports Vietnam, cloud
South saves the Fructus Persicae temporal advantage of industry development Existential Space, has bigger market prospect, Beijing in 2014
The buyer agent of wholesale market, Xinfadi is just intended to purchase the winter Fructus Persicae of 100 tons of single fruit weights more than 150 grams, but only receives
To 40 tons, there is the high quality fruit present situation that supply falls short of demand, dogberry is unsalable in the purchase and sale of the winter Fructus Persicae place of production.
The Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau is the Low Latitude Plateau Area that the unique global implication of China is bigger, makes to be formed here
Many special climate phenomenons being different from other area of China.Annual temperature range is little, and it's like spring all the year round；But
Daily temperature range is big, within one day, can divide the four seasons, the summer in daytime winter at night；Dry and wet season is clearly demarcated, and Xia Yudong does, winter-spring season
Joint sunlight-heat reaources enriches, and day and night temperature is conducive to greatly that the accumulation of fruit nutrient substance, pest and disease damage be few, fruit
High-quality and safety.In the 11-12 month in the world of ice and snow, the north, the late-maturing winter Fructus Persicae in Yunnan Province starts maturation；Entirely
The late-maturing Fructus Persicae period of maturation of state's Fructus Persicae producing region Open air product the latest be ripe before and after " 11 " National Day, 11
Other areas, the month whole nation do not have Fructus Persicae commodity to list, so Yunnan winter Fructus Persicae is the whole nation, high-quality ripe the latest is revealed
Ground cultivation peach variety.It addition, peach fruit product have shelf life feature short, the most long keeping, peach fruit product enter
After row cold preservation, peculiar fragrance disappears, and local flavor subtracts light, and quality loss is big；Fruit is sold based on fresh fruit.
Therefore, the production of Yunnan winter Fructus Persicae has been filled up national winter and has been lacked the gaps in market of Fructus Persicae fresh fruit supply, and Yunnan Province obtains
It the thickest weather, environmental advantage are just gradually becoming industrial advantage, and winter Fructus Persicae gradually obtains the favor of consumer
And price is high and stablize.Mistake season fruit market competitiveness is strong, has possessed the speciality of Yunnan Guanyuan characteristic fruit.
Therefore, cultivate mistake season Fructus Persicae industry, to mountain area, upper level agricultural sector structure adjustment, drive increasing peasant income
Significant, meet country one band one tunnel strategy.
At present, Yunnan Province's winter Fructus Persicae horizontal good and the bad of management of industry differs, and output value difference is bigger.Advantage producing region,
The orchard that management level are high, high quality fruit rate is up to more than 80%, and per mu yield is worth more than 20,000 yuan；Kind, district
Territory, manage the most problematic orchard, high quality fruit rate less than 30%, per mu yield value only about 3000 yuan.Winter Fructus Persicae
Produce and generally have that seedling quality is poor, cultivation management is extensive, shortage technical standard, cause product quality etc.
Level is uneven, cultivation benefit is the highest.Shilin county of Kunming in 2014, Yiliang County, Fumin County and Lu are advised
The investigation of winter peach garden, county shows: mean fruit weight is 110 grams, and the fruit that mean fruit weight is more than 200 grams is not
To the ratio of 5%, per mu yield only 600 kilograms.The winter Fructus Persicae per mu yield in Jizu Shan Mountain town, Binchuan County reaches
To 1500 kilograms, orchard procurement price is: the procurement price that mean fruit weight is 250 grams is 12 yuan/kilogram, flat
The procurement price that equal single fruit weight is more than 150 grams is 6.8 yuan/kilogram；The purchase of mean fruit weight 100-150 gram
Valency is 2.5 yuan/kilogram；The fruit of less than 100 grams cannot be sold.Peasant household's winter Fructus Persicae per mu yield that management level are high
Amount reaches more than 2000 kilograms, and the output value is up to more than 20,000 yuan.But, mean fruit weight reaches 200
Winter Peach fruits quantity more than gram is less than 20%, and most peasant households winter Fructus Persicae per mu yield value is about 0.5 ten thousand yuan.Winter
Fructus Persicae industry high quality fruit ratio is little, yield poorly, problem that benefit is the highest generally exists, and agricultural product produce and city
The contradiction that commodity fruit is required by field highlights day by day, and winter Fructus Persicae industry development is difficult to meet the demand in market.At present
The relevant criterion of country's Fructus Persicae industrial technology, formulates mainly for peach tree main producing region, the north.Therefore, Yunnan Province
It is badly in need of setting up the technical specification that there are more advanced technical measures, produce for Yunnan Province's winter Fructus Persicae, strengthens application
Promotion efficiency, to improve product quality and the productivity effect of Yunnan Province's winter Fructus Persicae, prominent Yunnan Province Plateau Characteristic
Late-maturing Fructus Persicae industrial character, promotes the healthy and sustainable development of industry.It is summed up, existing winter Fructus Persicae cultivation technique
In have the disadvantage that
1. cropping pattern: existing orchard winter Fructus Persicae plant line-spacing is 1.5m × 3.0m, 2.0m × 3.0m, 3.0m
× 4.0m etc., peach tree Planting Row Distance is little, and after plantation 3-4, peach tree seals row substantially, in the ranks cannot make
With farm machineries such as tractors, orchard soil is turned over and is applied fertilizer all with manual operation, increases orchard management
Cost.Peach tree is happiness photosensitiveness dungarunga, peach tree Feng Hanghou impact tree body ventilation and penetrating light, fruit sweet taste and resistance to
Storage property declines.
2, existing pruning technique was directed to trophophase at 250 days, and period of duration is in the Fructus Persicae of 180 days, uncomfortable symphysis
Long-term 320 days, the late-maturing Fructus Persicae of the period of duration spy of 285 days--winter Fructus Persicae, utilize conventional trim mode, to fruit
Real Mature Leaf is aging, photosynthetic capacity declines, and tree body is not provided that the nutrient that fruit is enough, impact produce
Amount and nutrient quality.
The most existing fertilizer practice was directed to trophophase at 250 days, and period of duration, the Fructus Persicae of 180 days, is not suitable for
Trophophase 320 days, the late-maturing Fructus Persicae of the period of duration spy of 285 days--winter Fructus Persicae.
The most existing common fruit bag the Adaptable growth phase at 250 days, period of duration the Fructus Persicae of 180 days, uncomfortable symphysis
Long-term 320 days, the late-maturing Fructus Persicae of the period of duration spy of 285 days--winter Fructus Persicae, use common fruit bag, need in two steps
Plucking bag, common fruit bag connects after bag is plucked can not directly transport for long-distance, and also needs to add protection mesh bag.
The most existing Fructus Persicae transportation technology is mainly low temperature pre-cold rnning cold chain transportation, is directed to the fruit maturation phase at height
The Fructus Persicae of summer and autumn of temperature high humidity, special late-maturing Fructus Persicae--Fructus Persicae period of maturation in the winter airing that is cold is dry, the hardness of fruit is high,
Resistance to accumulating, uses existing Fructus Persicae transportation technology, and the quality of Fructus Persicae can be made to decline, and local flavor lacks.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to based on the weather that Yunnan Low Latitude plateau is special, it is provided that a kind of applicable special evening
Ripe winter Fructus Persicae growth promoter, high-quality, a kind of winter Fructus Persicae special fruit bag, cultural method and the conveying method of high yield.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, including following three technical scheme:
(1) a kind of winter Fructus Persicae special fruit bag, such as Fig. 1, shown in 2,3, including inside and outside two-layer bag, outward
Bag 1 and inner bag 2, outer bag 1 uses water-proof composite paper to make, and outer bag outer surface is the waterproof ply of paper of yellow
3, outer bag inner surface 4 scribbles black coating, it is characterised in that inner bag uses the white of singing sided waxing
Paraffin paper and flexible material clathrum 7 are made, and inner bag appearance mercolized wax layer 5 is outside, with flexible material
Clathrum 7 is compressed together, and inner bag inner surface ply of paper 6 is inside；
Described outer bag and inner bag are independently, and inner bag is enclosed within outer bag, outer bag and inner bag opening
Centered position is provided with " V " shape and ties up otch 8；
Described inner bag " V " shape ties up the region at otch 8 place for tying up district 9, ties up beyond district
Region is non-district 10 of tying up, and described flexible material clathrum 7 is sheathed on described non-ties up top layer, district 10；
Described outer bag opening side and bottom side are provided with tearing notch seam；At the bottom of described outer bag and inner bag
While arrange air-vent.
Preferably, described grid 7, by strip white pearl is cotton or frothing foam is made, interlocks for side
Lattice or diamond-plaid or twill lattice, every diameter 3-5mm, it is spaced 1-3cm, grid is pressed in inner bag outer surface 5
On.
(2) a kind of winter Fructus Persicae cultural method, including selecting to be suitable for environment and high quality seedling, the width of the plantation of winter Fructus Persicae
The implantation methods of row more seedlings, rich water integration adds the water and fertilizer irrigation method of bag control slow-release fertilizer, trunk shape or " Y "
The winter Fructus Persicae shaping and trimming method of font, the winter Fructus Persicae special fruit bag described in application technology scheme () is spent
The really method etc. of phase bagging management, concrete cultural method includes the following:
(A) selection of winter Fructus Persicae planting environment: sunshine is sufficient, and the soil is porous, fertile soil, irrigation condition
Good, the most pollution-free, nuisanceless, the region of pollution-free food can be produced；
(B) selection of nursery stock: with the healthy and strong Radix Fici Hirtae without pest and disease damage as stock, the Fructus Persicae scion of grafting winter, grafting
Mouth is away from ground 10-20cm；
(C) planting patterns of wide row more seedlings: level land and gentle slope ground spacing in the rows 2m of planting, line-spacing 4-5m；
(D) rich water integration adds the water and fertilizer irrigation method of bag control slow-release fertilizer；
(E) the winter Fructus Persicae shaping and trimming method of trunk shape or " Y " font；
(F) method that the winter Fructus Persicae special fruit bag described in application technology scheme () carries out flowering fruit bearing stage bagging.
Wherein to add the water and fertilizer irrigation method of bag control slow-release fertilizer concrete for the integration of step method (D) described rich water
For: (a) falls leaves dormancy early stage, 12 last ten-days period-early January, uses base manure, based on farm manure fertilizer,
The best fruiting period, peach tree dose was 30kg/ strain-50kg/ strain, coordinated general calcium 5kg/ strain, potash fertilizer 0.3kg/ strain；
Fertilizer is uniformly sprinkling upon soil surface, turns over plough with the full garden of small-size rotary tiller, orchard weed, fertilizer are ploughed under soil
The earth degree of depth is the peach tree root system distribution layer of 20-40 centimetre；Smooth soil surface, utilizes and irrigates dress under soil table
Put and pour water, 50 kilograms of every strain tree；Putting bag control slow-release fertilizer under outlet, less than the 3 years age of tree every strain 2-4
Bag, more than the 3 years age of tree every strain 6-12 bags, covering and heat insulating sealing coat Novel mulching film；B () bud is sprouted before:
Early Febuary, utilizing irrigation rig, bag control slow-release fertilizer under soil table, peach tree spraying fertilizer is poured water, irrigation quantity 10
Kilogram/strain；It is spaced 7 days to irrigate and blooms to peach tree for 1 time；C () florescence is to leaf stretching period: mid-February-March
The first tenday period of a month, foliage-spray 0.3% Borax+0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+0.3% carbamide, it is spaced 7 days 1 time, leaf
Topdress 3 times totally in face；
Xie Huahou is to young fruit period: mid-March-last ten-days period, utilizes irrigation rig, bag control slow-release fertilizer under soil table,
Peach tree spraying fertilizer is poured water, 5 kilograms/strain of irrigation quantity, is spaced 7-10 days, applies fertilizer 2 times；(d) fruit growth
Phase, in October, utilize irrigation rig, bag control slow-release fertilizer under soil table, 5 kilograms/strain of irrigation quantity；Interval 15
My god, apply fertilizer 2 times.
Wherein the winter Fructus Persicae shaping and trimming method of step (E) described trunk shape or " Y " font is: (a) bud
To florescence after sprouting: mid-February, spend front complex shears, wipe out without leaf spray and thin and delicate branch；(b) Growing season
Prune, 4-5 month routine summer pruning, monthly, remove without leaf fruitful branch, sick branch, back branch,
The back of the body undershoot, overstocked branch；C () 6-7 month young sprout renewal pruning, to nutrition branch and partial results branch is short cuts；(d)
Dormant pruning, late January, removes ageing results branch, the rugosity bough more than 1 centimetre, sick branch,
Back branch, prosperous long shoot, overstocked branch.
Wherein the application described in step (F) has the winter Fructus Persicae special fruit bag of foam grid and carries out flowering fruit bearing stage bagging
Method: (a) bud sprout after to florescence: mid-February, too much alabastrum of erasing, keep rationally uniformly
Stay spur from；After (b) physiological fallen fruit for the second time, early April-the middle ten days fruit thinning, fruit spur, bouquet shape
Fruit branch stays 1 fruit/branch, and middle long fruit branch is spaced 10-15 centimetre and stays 1 fruit, applies and aforesaid has grid
Winter Fructus Persicae special fruit bag bagging immediately.
(3) a kind of method applying winter Fructus Persicae special fruit bag to carry out fruit harvesting and transport:
First 10 days of fruit maturation, will extract in the middle part of the outer bag of aforesaid winter Fructus Persicae special fruit bag, allow fruit color；
After 7-10 days fruit colors, band inner bag picking fruit together, before collecting time is every morning 10,
The fruit gathered directly connects fruit bag encasement transport, it is to avoid peel damage in recovery process；Transport vehicle is not
Need refrigerating equipment, be only in the light with the covering cloth that is in the light.
The invention provides a kind of winter Fructus Persicae special fruit bag and the application in the cultivation of winter Fructus Persicae and accumulating thereof, at least
There are following distinguishing feature and a prominent beneficial effect:
(1) there is no space between the fruit bag bilayer of prior art, be equivalent to two-layer fruit bag and be close to fruit face, do not have
Clearance space, during fruit growth maturation, temperature 25-40 DEG C, direct projection temperature 35-50 DEG C, although across
Really bag, still can affect fruit growth because of high temperature.The internal layer fruit bag PE Foam of the present embodiment or foaming bubble
Foam grid will form an air buffer between ectonexine paper bag, it is possible to decrease is burnt in fruit face by high temperature.
(2) monolayer or general dual layer fruit bag, owing to fruit bag gross thickness is little, some sucking mouth parts is longer
Insect can puncture fruit bag injury fruit, in this programme, foam grid adds the thickness of whole fruit bag, can
Prevent pest fruit.
(3) the fruit maturation phase is summer and autumn spring end, and hail disaster is serious, monolayer or general dual layer fruit bag
Thickness is little, not buffering, it is impossible to prevent hail disaster.The flexible cushioning effect of foam grid in this programme,
Can prevent hail from injuring fruit by a crashing object.
(4) foam grid frictional force is big, and the most directly contact fruit face can be because of friction fruits such as vibrations
Face, abrades peel.And between this programme grid and fruit face, also have one layer of paper bag, scratch fruit can be avoided
Real surface.
(5) even paper bag is plucked and can be prevented from plucking the fruit surface damage caused, and prevents from bird worm beast from gnawing biting fruit.
(6) even paper bag plucks transport, can on the way ensure the breathability that certain humidity is certain, slows down fruit
Real after-ripening, the shelf life of extending fruit, meanwhile, after bagging, only outer bag need to be extractd once, even inner bag is plucked,
And need not additionally increase transport protection can case, Fruit exterior is good, be suitable for special late-maturing Fructus Persicae growth
Grow excellent product of getting bumper crops, reduce the special fruit bag of cost after really bag plucked by bag.
(7) peach tree is happiness photosensitiveness dungarunga, peach tree Feng Hanghou impact tree body ventilation and penetrating light.Peach tree tree body is strongly fragrant
Close, branch for want of illumination and deadwood, cause the internal hall baldness of tree, setting fruit position reduces, affects yield
And quality.It addition, existing orchard winter Fructus Persicae plant line-spacing is 1.5m × 3.0m, 2.0m × 3.0m, 3.0m
× 4.0m etc., three major branches or the happy shape of many major branches are tree-like, and peach tree Planting Row Distance is little, after plantation 3-4,
Peach tree seals row substantially, in the ranks cannot use the farm machineries such as tractor, and orchard soil is turned over and applied fertilizer all
With manual operation, increase orchard management cost.The present invention uses the cropping pattern of the narrow strain of wide row, seeding row spacing
For 1.5m × 4.0m, 2.0m × 5.0m etc., trunk shape or " Y " font are tree-like.Guarantee peach branch
There is illumination, it is to avoid deadwood；Reduce the branch and leaf effective consumption trunk infusion that closing cause, improve fruit wind
The qualities such as taste；It is easy to the operation of Machinery for orchard, improves orchard management efficiency, reduce cost of labor.
(8) blade is peach tree photosynthesis acquisition energy and the organ of nutrient, common trim mode, not
Can guarantee that blade meets the winter Fructus Persicae demand that period of duration was up to 11 months, and during the Fructus Persicae period of maturation in winter, the most enough
Blade the nutrient needed for fruit is provided, cause fruit quality to reduce, one-level really ratio is little.Skill of the present invention
Art scheme, it is provided that the update mode of blade so that have enough blades to carry out light in the fruit maturation phase
Cooperation is with providing nutrient, it is ensured that fruit harvesting high-quality high-yield, improves one-level fruit ratio and the commodity rate of fruit.Pass
System trim mode every mu cost of labor about 1000 yuan, this programme trim mode every mu can save cost of labor
800 yuan.
(9) common fertilizer applications is both for the Fructus Persicae that trophophase period of duration is less grown.Special late-maturing Fructus Persicae growth
Period of development is up to 11 months, if using conventional fertilizer applications, growth and development stage fertilizer efficiency can be caused inadequate,
And short-term is topdressed, effect is bad, affects Growth status and fruit quality.Technical solution of the present invention is excellent produces high yield
Rich water integration+bag control slow-release fertilizer technology, can realize long-term, slowly, discharge fertilizer efficiency uniformly, protect
The yield of card winter Fructus Persicae and quality.Compared with conventional fertilizer application method, this programme technology decreases fertilizer application frequency,
Fertilising cost 500 yuan/mu can be reduced.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is winter Fructus Persicae special fruit bag overall structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is outer bag hierarchical structure schematic diagram in winter Fructus Persicae special fruit bag；
Fig. 3 is the inner bag structure schematic diagram with internal layer flexible material clathrum；
In figure, each label lists as follows:
1-outer bag, 2-inner bag, the 3-outer bag waterproof ply of paper of outer surface yellow, 4-outer bag inner surface black coating,
5-inner bag appearance mercolized wax layer, 6-inner bag inner surface ply of paper, 7-flexible material clathrum, 8-tie up otch, 9
Tie up district, 10 non-tie up district
Detailed description of the invention
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention of greater clarity, below in conjunction with being embodied as
Mode referring to the drawings, the present invention is described in more detail.It should be understood that these describe simply example
Property, and it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.Additionally, in the following description, eliminate known knot
Structure and the description of technology, to avoid unnecessarily obscuring idea of the invention.
A kind of winter Fructus Persicae special fruit bag that the present invention provides and the application in the cultivation of winter Fructus Persicae and accumulating thereof, specifically
As follows:
1. a winter Fructus Persicae special fruit bag
Really bag is divided into two-layer bag, outer bag (1) and inner bag (2), and outer bag uses water-proof composite paper to make, outer bag
Outer surface (3) is white or Lycoperdon polymorphum Vitt or the waterproof ply of paper of yellow, and outer bag inner surface (4) scribbles black coating, interior
Bag uses the white paraffin paper of singing sided waxing and foam grid to make, and inner bag outer surface (5) wax layer is outside,
Compressed together with foam grid (7), inner bag inner surface (6) ply of paper is inside；Described outer bag and inner bag are point
The most independent, inner bag is enclosed within outer bag, at the bag mouth of inner bag and outer bag and bottom is pasted together, outer bag
It is provided with inner bag opening centered position and ties up otch；Outer bag opening side and bottom side are arranged
Tearing notch is had to stitch；In described outer bag and inner bag base, air-vent is set.
Described grid (7), by strip white pearl is cotton or frothing foam is made, interlocks for grid, every diameter
3-5mm, is spaced 1-3cm, it is ensured that not shading also has shockproof cushioning to protect the effect of fruit.In grid is pressed in
Bag outer surface (5).
Further, described flexible material clathrum (7) is by strip white pearl cotton or lofted foam material system
Become, interlock for diamond-plaid or grid or twill lattice, every diameter 3-5mm, be spaced 1-3cm.
2. winter Fructus Persicae cultural method:
(1) Regional environmental quality requirement
Yunnan winter peach fruit garden addressing should evade the region that the meteorological disaster such as cold spell in later spring, hail takes place frequently, and effectively advises
Keep away the harm that winter Fructus Persicae is produced by meteorological disaster；Selecting sunshine sufficient, the soil is porous, fertile soil, irrigation and drainage
Condition is preferable, the most pollution-free, can produce nuisanceless, the region of pollution-free food, it is ensured that product high-quality is pacified
Entirely.
(2) selection of seedling
With the healthy and strong Yunnan Wild low chilling requirement Radix Fici Hirtae without pest and disease damage as stock, the Fructus Persicae scion of grafting winter, grafting
Mouth is away from ground 10-20cm；Orchard Construction selects high quality seedling plantation, it is ensured that Early Paleozoic strata.
(3) plant
The plantation of winter Fructus Persicae uses the planting patterns of wide row more seedlings, strengthens the ventilation and penetrating light of fruit tree, reduces pest and disease damage；
Be conducive to Machinery for orchardization management.Level land and gentle slope ground spacing in the rows 2m of planting, line-spacing 5m.The mountain that the gradient is excessive
Ground should push into wide terraced fields, spacing in the rows 2m, line-spacing 4-5m.Orchard spacing in the rows 1.5m, 4 mu of m of line-spacing.
(4) clay fertilizer water management
Fallen leaves dormancy early stage: 12 last ten-days period-early January, use base manure, based on fertilizers such as farm manures,
The best fruiting period, peach tree dose was 30kg/ strain-50kg/ strain, coordinated general calcium 5kg/ strain, potash fertilizer 0.3kg/ strain；
Fertilizer is uniformly sprinkling upon soil surface, turns over plough with the full garden of small-size rotary tiller, orchard weed, fertilizer are ploughed under soil
The earth degree of depth is the peach tree root system distribution layer of 20-40 centimetre；Smooth soil surface, utilizes and irrigates dress under soil table
Put and pour water, 50 kilograms of every strain tree；Putting bag control slow-release fertilizer under outlet, less than the 3 years age of tree every strain 2-4
Bag, more than the 3 years age of tree every strain 6-12 bags.Covering and heat insulating sealing coat Novel mulching film.Peach tree underground root system is raw
Long early than ground twig, this phase irrigation fertilization is conducive to Root Absorption soil nutrient, supplies shoot and leaf growth.
Before bud is sprouted: early Febuary, utilizing irrigation rig, bag control slow-release fertilizer under soil table, peach tree is executed and chases after
Fertilizer is poured water, 10 kilograms/strain of irrigation quantity；It is spaced 7 days to irrigate and blooms to peach tree for 1 time.This phase irrigation fertilization
Be conducive to Root Absorption soil nutrient, supply shoot and leaf growth.
Florescence is to leaf stretching period: mid-February-early March, foliage-spray 0.3% Borax+0.3% biphosphate
Potassium+0.3% carbamide, is spaced 7 days 1 time, foliage spray 3 times totally.Foliage spray can the life of fast supply peach tree
Trace element needed for length and N P and K.
Xie Huahou is to young fruit period: mid-March-last ten-days period, utilizes irrigation rig, bag control slow-release fertilizer under soil table,
Peach tree spraying fertilizer is poured water, 5 kilograms/strain of irrigation quantity, is spaced 7-10 days, applies fertilizer 2 times.This phase pours water and executes
The fertile Root Absorption soil nutrient that is conducive to, supply young fruit and Shoot growth.
Fruit growth period: October, utilizes irrigation rig, bag control slow-release fertilizer under soil table, and irrigation quantity 5 is public
Jin/strain；It is spaced 15 days, applies fertilizer 2 times.Quick expanding stage before fruit maturation, irrigation fertilization is conducive to
Root Absorption soil nutrient, supplies fruit growth.
(5) pruning
Bud sprout after to florescence: mid-February, spend front complex shears, wipe out without leaf spray and thin and delicate branch.
Concentrate tree body nutrient supply peach tree growth.
Summerly pruning, 4-5 month routine summer pruning, monthly, remove without leaf fruitful branch, disease pest
Branch, back branch, the back of the body undershoot, overstocked branch.Keep tree body ventilation and penetrating light, reduce effective consumption and pest and disease damage.
6-7 month young sprout renewal pruning, to nutrition branch and partial results branch is short cuts, inspires young sprout, it is ensured that December
Energy and nutrient needed for during fruit maturation, the photosynthetic capacity of blade enough provides fruit growth.
Dormant pruning, late January, removes ageing results branch, the rugosity bough more than 1 centimetre, sick
Worm branch, back branch, prosperous long shoot, overstocked branch.Avoiding peach tree backbone bough too much, it is logical that internal hall is set in impact
Wind printing opacity, it is ensured that the quantity of fruitful branch and harvesting high-quality high-yield.
(6) flower and fruit management
Bud sprout after to florescence: mid-February, too much alabastrum of erasing, keep rationally stay flower uniformly
Distance, reduces the effective consumption of trunk infusion.
For the second time after physiological fallen fruit, early April-the middle ten days fruit thinning, fruit spur, bouquet shape Fruit branch stay 1 fruit
/ branch, middle long fruit branch is spaced 10-15 centimetre and stays 1 fruit.Guarantee the size of high quality fruit.Spray pesticide-germicide
Agent, after really face medicinal liquid is dry, uses Low Latitude Plateau Area Fructus Persicae special fruit bag bagging immediately.Between spray medicine and bagging
Every less than 10h.If the most non-bagging just runs into rainfall after spray medicine, then need to become a fine day fruit face steam dry after again
Secondary spray medicine could bagging.By the physical isolation effect of bagging, reduce pesticide residues and disease pest harm, really
The presentation quality that fruit retention is real.
3. winter Peach fruits is gathered conveying method
First 10 days of fruit maturation, will extract in the middle part of the outer bag of special fruit bag, fruit color；7-10 days fruits
After real coloring, band inner bag picking fruit together.Before collecting time is every morning 10, the fruit gathered
The real fruit bag encasement that directly connects is transported, it is to avoid peel damage in recovery process, affects presentation quality；10
Before point, fruit core temperature is relatively low, is conducive to keeping fruit local flavor and Shelf-life.Transport vehicle need not
Refrigerating equipment, is only in the light with the covering cloth that is in the light, it is to avoid fruit temperature rises in transit, affects fruit product
Matter and shelf life.
It is contemplated that protect a kind of winter Fructus Persicae special fruit bag and the application in the cultivation of winter Fructus Persicae and accumulating thereof, make
Used time, only need to tie up otch and be against and bear fruit on branch, tie a knot tying up the fruit bag about otch, overlap
During bag, weather is relatively dry, realizes rainproof waterproof, the anti-bird of insect protected, anti-by the waterproof ply of paper of outer bag outer surface
Only fertilizer and pesticide pollution fruit, simultaneously light-colored surface can effectively reduce the direct sunlight temperature to fruit；
Can preferably block ultraviolet by outer bag inner surface black coating, make fruit rind in growth course
Do not produce anthocyanidin, present white or light yellow.Owing to ectonexine fruit bag adding clathrum, strengthen
Fruit bag thickness, rainy season, thorn inhaled insect such as the trypetid of injury fruit, and heart-eating worm etc. can not pierce through fruit bag and endanger
Fruit.After November, day and night temperature strengthens, and particularly nocturnal temperature tends to 5 DEG C, and the whole Growing season sun
Direct projection temperature is too high, and clathrum increases fruit bag wall thickness, defines an air layer, can reduce temperature Change
And the injury that strong sunlight is to fruit.During 11 the middle ten days-Fructus Persicae maturation in January, 7-15 before plucking before plucking
My god, haul and will extract in the middle part of outer bag between two tearing notch seams of outer bag, retain bottom inner bag and outer bag, grid
Layer and inner bag white paraffin paper can realize fruit color with printing opacity, and white inner bag has water retaining function, solves
The problem that winter Fructus Persicae moisture evaporation that winter dryness air brings is too fast；White inner bag inner surface ply of paper and Fructus Persicae
Sub-fruit directly contacts, and protection fruit surface is not contaminated and rubs；Just hide bottom the outer bag retained
Live the Fructus Persicae nose part of Fructus Persicae, the speed that the Fructus Persicae that slows down point is ripe.Grid and inner bag are not required to again extract, and pluck
During Fructus Persicae, direct networking lattice inner bag is plucked together, and vanning can be transported.
It was verified that the present invention has the beneficial effect of highly significant, it is summarized as follows:
(1) there is no space between the fruit bag bilayer of prior art, be equivalent to two-layer fruit bag and be close to fruit face, do not have
Clearance space, during fruit growth maturation, temperature 25-40 DEG C, direct projection temperature 35-50 DEG C, although across
Really bag, still can affect fruit growth because of high temperature.The present embodiment internal layer fruit bag PE Foam or frothing foam
Grid will form an air buffer between ectonexine paper bag, it is possible to decrease is burnt in fruit face by high temperature.
(2) monolayer or general dual layer fruit bag, owing to fruit bag gross thickness is little, some sucking mouth parts is longer
Insect can puncture fruit bag injury fruit, in this programme, foam grid adds the thickness of whole fruit bag, can
Prevent pest fruit.
(3) the fruit maturation phase is summer and autumn spring end, and hail disaster is serious, monolayer or general dual layer fruit bag
Thickness is little, not buffering, it is impossible to prevent hail disaster.The flexible cushioning effect of foam grid in this programme,
Can prevent hail from injuring fruit by a crashing object.
(4) foam grid frictional force is big, and the most directly contact fruit face can be because of friction fruits such as vibrations
Face, abrades peel.And between this programme grid and fruit face, also have one layer of paper bag, scratch fruit can be avoided
Real surface.
(5) even paper bag is plucked and can be prevented from plucking the fruit surface damage caused, and prevents from bird worm beast from gnawing biting fruit.
(6) even paper bag plucks transport, can on the way ensure the breathability that certain humidity is certain, slows down fruit
Real after-ripening, the shelf life of extending fruit, meanwhile, after bagging, only outer bag need to be extractd once, even inner bag is plucked,
And need not additionally increase transport protection can case, Fruit exterior is good, be suitable for special late-maturing Fructus Persicae growth
Grow excellent product of getting bumper crops, reduce the special fruit bag of cost after really bag plucked by bag.
(7) peach tree is happiness photosensitiveness dungarunga, peach tree Feng Hanghou impact tree body ventilation and penetrating light.Peach tree tree body closing,
Branch for want of illumination and deadwood, cause the internal hall baldness of tree, and setting fruit position reduces, affects yield and product
Matter.It addition, existing orchard winter Fructus Persicae plant line-spacing is 1.5m × 3.0m, 2.0m × 3.0m, 3.0m ×
4.0m etc., three major branches or the happy shape of many major branches are tree-like, and peach tree Planting Row Distance is little, after plantation 3-4,
Peach tree seals row substantially, in the ranks cannot use the farm machineries such as tractor, and orchard soil is turned over and applied fertilizer all
With manual operation, increase orchard management cost.The present invention uses the cropping pattern of the narrow strain of wide row, seeding row spacing
For 1.5m × 4.0m, 2.0m × 5.0m etc., trunk shape or " Y " font are tree-like.Guarantee peach branch
There is illumination, it is to avoid deadwood；Reduce the branch and leaf effective consumption trunk infusion that closing cause, improve fruit wind
The qualities such as taste；It is easy to the operation of Machinery for orchard, improves orchard management efficiency, reduce cost of labor.
(8) blade is that peach tree photosynthesis obtains energy and the organ of nutrient, common trim mode, can not protect
Card blade meets the winter Fructus Persicae demand that period of duration was up to 11 months, and during the Fructus Persicae period of maturation in winter, does not has enough leaves
Sheet provides the nutrient needed for fruit, causes fruit quality to reduce, and one-level fruit ratio is little.The technology of the present invention
Scheme, it is provided that the update mode of blade so that have enough blades photosynthetic to carry out in the fruit maturation phase
Effect provides nutrient, it is ensured that fruit harvesting high-quality high-yield, improves one-level fruit ratio and the commodity rate of fruit.Tradition
Trim mode every mu cost of labor about 1000 yuan, this programme trim mode every mu can save cost of labor
800 yuan.
(9) common fertilizer applications is both for the Fructus Persicae that trophophase period of duration is less grown.Special late-maturing Fructus Persicae growth
Period of development is up to 11 months, if using conventional fertilizer applications, growth and development stage fertilizer efficiency can be caused inadequate,
And short-term is topdressed, effect is bad, affects Growth status and fruit quality.Technical solution of the present invention is excellent produces high yield
Rich water integration+bag control slow-release fertilizer technology, can realize long-term, slowly, discharge fertilizer efficiency uniformly, protect
The yield of card winter Fructus Persicae and quality.Compared with conventional fertilizer application method, this programme technology decreases fertilizer application frequency,
Fertilising cost 500 yuan/mu can be reduced.
It should be appreciated that the above-mentioned detailed description of the invention of the present invention is used only for exemplary illustration or explanation
The principle of the present invention, and be not construed as limiting the invention.Therefore, without departing from the present invention spirit and
Any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement etc. done in the case of scope, should be included in the guarantor of the present invention
Within the scope of protecting.Additionally, claims of the present invention be intended to fall into scope and
Whole in the equivalents on border or this scope and border change and modifications example.
Claims (8)
1. a winter Fructus Persicae special fruit bag, including inside and outside two-layer bag, outer bag (1) and inner bag (2), outer bag
(1) using water-proof composite paper to make, outer bag outer surface is the waterproof ply of paper of yellow (3), table in outer bag
Face (4) scribbles black coating, it is characterised in that inner bag uses the white paraffin paper of singing sided waxing and soft
Property material clathrum (7) make, inner bag appearance mercolized wax layer (5) is outside, with flexible material grid
Layer (7) is compressed together, and inner bag inner surface ply of paper (6) is inside；Wherein:
Described outer bag and inner bag are independently, and inner bag is enclosed within outer bag, outer bag and inner bag opening
End centered position is provided with " V " shape and ties up otch (8)；
Described inner bag " V " shape ties up the region at otch (8) place for tying up district (9), ties up district
Region in addition is non-district (10) of tying up, and described flexible material clathrum (7) is sheathed on described non-bundle
Zha Qu (10) top layer；
Described outer bag opening side and bottom side are provided with tearing notch seam；At described outer bag and inner bag
Base arranges air-vent.
Winter Fructus Persicae special fruit bag the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described flexible material
Clathrum (7) is by strip white pearl is cotton or lofted foam material is made.
Winter Fructus Persicae special fruit bag the most according to claim 2, is characterized by, described flexible material
Clathrum (7) interlocks for diamond-plaid or grid or twill lattice, every diameter 3-5mm, is spaced 1-3cm.
4. a winter Fructus Persicae cultural method, including (1) winter Fructus Persicae planting environment and the selection of nursery stock；(2)
The implantation methods of wide row more seedlings；(3) rich water integration adds the water and fertilizer irrigation method of bag control slow-release fertilizer；
(4) the winter Fructus Persicae shaping and trimming method of trunk shape or " Y " font；(4) application claim 13
Winter Fructus Persicae special fruit bag described in any one carries out flowering fruit bearing stage bagging, the method plucking bag management；
Described winter Fructus Persicae planting environment condition includes: sunshine is sufficient, and the soil is porous, fertile soil, irrigation and drainage
Condition is preferable, the most pollution-free, can produce nuisanceless, the region of pollution-free food；
Described selection of seedling condition includes: with the healthy and strong Radix Fici Hirtae without pest and disease damage as stock, grafting winter Fructus Persicae connects
Fringe, grafting mouth is away from ground 10-20cm；
The planting patterns of described wide row more seedlings includes: level land and gentle slope ground spacing in the rows 2m of planting, line-spacing 4-5m.
Winter Fructus Persicae cultural method the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described rich water one
Change and add the water and fertilizer irrigation method of bag control slow-release fertilizer and be: (a) falls leaves dormancy early stage, 12 last ten-days period-early January,
Using base manure, based on farm manure fertilizer, the best fruiting period, peach tree dose was 30kg/ strain-50kg/ strain,
Coordinate general calcium 5kg/ strain, potash fertilizer 0.3kg/ strain；Fertilizer is uniformly sprinkling upon soil surface, uses small-sized rotary tilling
Ji Quan turns over plough in garden, and orchard weed, fertilizer are ploughed under the peach tree root system that depth of soil is 20-40 centimetre and divides
Layer of cloth；Smooth soil surface, utilizes irrigation rig under soil table to pour water, 50 kilograms of every strain tree；Water outlet
Putting bag control slow-release fertilizer under mouthful, less than the 3 years age of tree every strain 2-4 bags, more than the 3 years age of tree every strain 6-12
Bag, covering and heat insulating sealing coat Novel mulching film；B () bud is sprouted before: early Febuary, utilize and fill under soil table
Irrigating device, bag control slow-release fertilizer, peach tree spraying fertilizer is poured water, 10 kilograms/strain of irrigation quantity；It is spaced filling in 7 days
Irrigate 1 time to bloom to peach tree；C () florescence is to leaf stretching period: mid-February-early March, foliage-spray 0.3%
Borax+0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+0.3% carbamide, is spaced 7 days 1 time, foliage spray 3 times totally；(d)
Xie Huahou is to young fruit period: mid-March-last ten-days period, utilizes irrigation rig, bag control slow-release fertilizer under soil table, Fructus Persicae
Tree spraying fertilizer is poured water, and 5 kilograms/strain of irrigation quantity is spaced 7-10 days, applies fertilizer 2 times；E () fruit is raw
For a long time, in October, irrigation rig, bag control slow-release fertilizer under soil table, 5 kilograms/strain of irrigation quantity are utilized；Interval
15 days, apply fertilizer 2 times.
Winter Fructus Persicae cultural method the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: described trunk shape or
The winter Fructus Persicae shaping and trimming method of " Y " font is: (a) bud sprout after to florescence: mid-February,
Spend front complex shears, wipe out without leaf spray and thin and delicate branch；(b) Summerly pruning, 4-5 month routine summer pruning,
Monthly, remove without leaf fruitful branch, sick branch, back branch, the back of the body undershoot, overstocked branch；(c)6-7
Month young sprout renewal pruning, to nutrition branch and partial results branch is short cuts；(d) dormant pruning, late January,
Remove ageing results branch, the rugosity bough more than 1 centimetre, sick branch, back branch, prosperous long shoot, mistake
Close branch.
Winter Fructus Persicae cultural method the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the described application winter
Fructus Persicae special fruit bag carries out the method for flowering fruit bearing stage bagging: (a) bud sprout after to florescence: mid-February,
Erase too much alabastrum, keep rationally staying uniformly spur from；After (b) physiological fallen fruit for the second time, on April
Ten days-the middle ten days fruit thinning, fruit spur, bouquet shape Fruit branch stay 1 fruit/branch, and middle long fruit branch is spaced 10-15 li
Rice stays 1 fruit, application to require the winter Fructus Persicae special fruit bag bagging described in 1-3 any one of item.
8. a winter Fructus Persicae conveying method: first 10 days of fruit maturation, by claim 1-3 any one of item
Extract in the middle part of the outer bag of described winter Fructus Persicae special fruit bag, allow fruit color；After 7-10 days fruit colors, early
Band inner bag picking fruit together before upper 10, the fruit gathered directly connects fruit bag encasement and carries out accumulating,
The carrier vehicle covering cloth that is in the light is in the light.
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| CN107079753A (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2017-08-22 | 江苏华昌织物有限公司 | A kind of fly net for changing shape of a mesh with gradient of temperature |
| CN107439292A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-12-08 | 来安县世外桃园生态农业专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of winter peach |
| CN108925340A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2018-12-04 | 山东省果树研究所 | A kind of dwarfing wide row dense planting Apple Culture management method |
| TWI740588B (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2021-09-21 | 顧飛龍 | Fruit protective sacks and using method |
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| CN105993738B (en) | 2017-10-03 |
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