CN101238776B - Three-dimensional raise seedling method and product thereof - Google Patents
Three-dimensional raise seedling method and product thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101238776B CN101238776B CN2007101321067A CN200710132106A CN101238776B CN 101238776 B CN101238776 B CN 101238776B CN 2007101321067 A CN2007101321067 A CN 2007101321067A CN 200710132106 A CN200710132106 A CN 200710132106A CN 101238776 B CN101238776 B CN 101238776B
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Abstract
The invention which belongs to seedling cultivation method relates to a three-dimensional seedling breeding method and the product thereof. In summer and autumn, the a pond which is formed on the ground in the greenhouse is irrigated and sealed; the square seedling frame is lined with plastic film and drilled, the semi-lignified shoots cutting is horizontally inserted into it, the base of the cutting is packed with light net shaped nutrition bag containing nutrition substrate, when the cutting is inserted into the plastic film, the substrate is filled into it, and the bottom of the bag is drilled; every three to four seedling frames are formed into a seedling column; the temperature below 38 DEG C and the humidity is above 90% under control; every 10 days, the ground film is opened and sprinkled once by the Sanmate solution which is diluted 1500 times, the seedling cultivation time is 25-40 days for greenhouse seedling. The rooting percent of seedling according to the invention reaches 91.6%, the seedling rate reaches 84.1%, the secondary lateral roots are grown, and the roots developes maturely. Compared to the existing technology, the seedling number per unit area improves 5 times, the seedling rate improves more than 30%, more than 80% of water is saved, the cost is low, and the facility utilization is high.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to its product of three-dimensional seedling raising method of a kind of nursery stock, belong to the cultivation kind seedling-growing method of plant, be exclusively used in breeding of nursery stock.
Two, background technology
The mulberry sapling mating system is divided into sexual propagation and vegetative propagation two big classes.Vegetative propagation can keep and continue parent's merit.Vegetative propagation mainly contains modes such as grafting, cuttage (hard branch and spray), press strip.Wherein use grafting (bag connects) breeding mulberry sapling to occupy absolute leading status in China at present; Cuttage mulberry sapling survival rate is low, seldom uses in the production; Press strip is mainly used in filling a vacancy of mulberry field self.The schematic diagram of 3 kinds of main propagation methods is as follows:
Grafting:---nursery of growing directly from seeds (7 months)---grafting (1 month)---nursery (9 months) are lasted 2 years in sowing.
Cuttage: cuttage---seedbed of taking root (1 month)---nursery (9 months) lasts 1 year, and survival rate is big because of kind difference difference.
Epicormic branch cuttage: cuttage---seedbed of taking root (25～30 days)---nursery (3～5 months) can be bred 3～4 times in 1 year, and survival rate difference is little between kind.
Concentrate on 5～6 counties of Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces two provinces the main product of current China mulberry sapling, more than normal time production grafting mulberry sapling 1,000,000,000 strains, the planting and the renewal in other regional mulberry fields, the supply whole nation.Long and rich experience owing to these several main product seedling county's planting mulberry and breeding silkworm; And the soil is fertile, and is with heavy rainfall, is fit to the growth of mulberry sapling, and survival rate is about 85%.But it produces the seedling cycle long (2 years), and complex procedures requires height to technology and natural environmental condition, is that other areas are difficult to imitate.The cuttage production cycle is 1 year, and survival rate generally is lower than 30%; The epicormic branch cuttage cycle is 6 months, survival rate about 30%～40%, the neat and well spaced no scar of the outward appearance of seedling, the phase seedbed needs constantly spraying but it is taken root, to keep green the accent that do not wither, just can take root, because long-time trickle, the matrix nutrient easily runs off, and makes root development poor, causes transplanting survival rate low.Therefore, every mu of basic facilities (special use) investment big---every mu 6～80,000 yuan, water consumption is big---is 2t water per hour, and facility utilization rate is low---and in only 3～4 months every year, the cost height is not so be widely used in producing.
By above analysis, these 3 kinds of propagation methods cut both ways, and usage range is little, and vast silkworm district is difficult to accomplish plant certainly from numerous, and the mulberry races of suitable local plantation is difficult to accomplish autonomous selection and promotes, let alone the mulberry field improved variety.Thereby cause mulberry sapling cost height, survival rate is low, and kind is not suitable for, and influences the mulberry field output and quality.Therefore, seedling-cultivating method will improve and innovate.Particularly Ministry of Agriculture's requirement in " about agricultural restructuring subregion instruction " in the production of the west area of ecology fragility development silkworm and mulberry, realizes " eastern silkworm moves westwards " that silkworm and mulberry are produced.Although west area silkworm and mulberry production history is long, in recent years in development of the West Regions strategy layout, have some provinces and regions (as Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Yunnan) will develop silkworm and mulberry production and grab, but effect is not ideal as the key project of industry restructuring.Because this area's weather arid, unfavorable ecotopes such as precipitation is few, evaporation discharge is big, vegetation is rare, severe water and soil erosion, be difficult to grow seedlings with traditional grafting seedlings-growing method, so the mulberry sapling overwhelming majority of planting is called in by river, Zhejiang, cause mulberry sapling kind incompatibility, survival rate low like this, and the cost height; Be mulberry field output matter, low amount poor, strive one of principal element a little less than the power unexpectedly, seriously restricting this area's silkworm and mulberry production development.
Three, summary of the invention
Technical problem
The object of the present invention is to provide the three-dimensional seedling raising method of a kind of nursery stock, utilize the characteristics of epicormic branch cuttage, studied and innovate, improve the survival rate and the planting percent of cultivating seedlings, make grow seedlings work batch production, standardization, northwest arid area breeding mulberry seedling in large quantity particularly can suit.
Technical scheme
The three-dimensional seedling raising method of a kind of nursery stock is characterized in that:
1) plastic tunnel is prepared: ground impales the pond of dark 15～20cm in plastic tunnel, irritates the water layer of dark 5～10cm, airtight booth;
2) cuttage plugged ear: at the square frame liner mulch film bag of growing seedlings, the mulch film bag of frame liner of will growing seedlings is earlier accomplished fluently cutting hole, in the laterally inserted hole of plugged ear, the netted nutritious bag of lightweight that again plugged ear base portion parcel is contained nutrient matrix, the limit insert edge is filled the foamed plastic particle of size 1～3cm diameter in the mulch film bag, the water matrix in the frame of drenching is made a call to 10～15 apertures again after finishing on the mulch film bag of the frame bottom of growing seedlings;
3) column production of growing seedlings: will grow seedlings and frame shift in the canopy in the pond, 1 post of growing seedlings is formed in per 3～4 frames stacks of growing seedlings;
4) cooling moisture-retaining: temperature of shed should be controlled at below 38 ℃, and humidity was opened the mulch film bag more than 90% every 10 days, drenched 1500 times of carbendazim solutions of 1 dilution, and seedling raise period 25～40 days obtains to nurse young plants in hothouses.
The described square frame of growing seedlings is: make the cuboid frame of growth * wide * height=35cm * 35cm * 50cm with diameter 5.6mm reinforcing bar, 3cm is improved in the bottom; In the middle of the frame of growing seedlings, insert a plastics breather pipe, diameter 2～3cm, ring-like spacing 5cm makes a call to the aperture of 1 diameter 5mm.The matrix nutrition bag is for wrapping up the plugged ear base portion with 50～65g nutrient matrix with the netted nonwoven of growing seedlings of lightweight, the netted nutritious bag of lightweight that forms, its nutrient matrix is: the water-loss reducer KD-1 high hydroscopic resin that adds mass ratio 10%～15% pure fine earth, mass ratio 0.2%～0.5% in the burnt chaff; Solution with 1000～1200 times of 50% carbendazim soaks into, mixes thoroughly.
Beneficial effect
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage and good effect:
1) the present invention utilizes the common plastic tunnel can humectant properties, by experiment to aspect such as environment conditioning in the prescription of three-dimensional seedbed frame design, epicormic branch cuttage seedling post choice of base, nutritious bag matrix and the seedling growth greenhouse, the technology that research obtains makes the unit are number of growing seedlings improve that 5 times, cuttage planting percent improve 30% or more, economize on water more than 80%, investment is low, facility utilization rate is high.And the mechanism of taking root of plugged ear produces root by original callus and root substance and becomes and present produce root (accounting for more than 90%) based on hole skin, and total root quantity also increases more than 40%.
2) form of taking root changes.It is main that the present invention makes the mechanism of cuttage rooting produce root by original callus and root substance, it is main becoming present hole skin generation root (accounting for more than 90%), the number of on average taking root of every young plant is increased to more than 25 by 5～15, total root quantity also increases more than 40%, thereby has improved the rooting rate and the transplanting survival rate of growing seedlings.
3) the seedbed form changes.The present invention changes to be grown seedlings by traditional plane and grows seedlings for the vertical multiple-layer box type of solid, improves the space utilization rate, increases and breeds index; Two change and are specifically designed to the spraying facility of growing seedlings on the plane (every year is only idle with 3～4 months all the other times) and are the three-dimensional cuttage and seedling culture (can be used for producing vegetables in improper season etc. at winter-spring season, then produce mulberry sapling summer and autumn) of general plastic booth; Three change by transplanting on the spot to being transported to the strange land transplanting; Four change that to be by the spraying of the whole day on plane that the appropriateness in greenhouse is mended wet, using water wisely electricity consumption (water 20t/ days mu is reduced to 0.1t/ days mu).Thereby improved the survival rate and the planting percent of cultivating seedlings, realized factorial seedling growth, enlarged the region of growing seedlings.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1 hole skin is taken root
Fig. 2 frame of growing seedlings
Fig. 3 post of growing seedlings
Five, embodiment
(1) processing method 1
1 plastic tunnel is prepared.Utilize or newly-built common plastic tunnel (height 3.0m, width 5.0m, length 20m); Ground in the booth impales the pond of dark 15cm with plastic film, irritates the dark water of 10cm, can make that relative moisture remains on more than 90% in the canopy after airtight; Epicormic branch cuttage carried out in 6～September, because fine canopy temperature height at noon, so 50cm place above the distance ceiling, need cover width to be slightly larger than the sunshade net of booth, light transmittance 50%, and every 5m the air vent that a diameter 15cm has movable rain cap is installed at the booth top, the booth base portion will have corresponding air admission hole.
2 three-dimensional seedling raising frames are made.With diameter 5.6mm reinforcing bar (with other material also can) make the cuboid frame of growth * wide * height=35cm * 35cm * 50cm, 3cm is improved in the bottom; The middle diameter 3cm plastic tube that inserts, the aperture that ring-like spacing 5cm makes a call to 1 diameter 5mm is beneficial to ventilation.Frame liner mulch film bag, matrix is burnt chaff, 10～15 apertures are made a call to get rid of ponding in the bag in the bottom.1 post of growing seedlings of the overlapping composition of per 3 frames of growing seedlings.
3 plugged ears are selected.Fertile training management should be strengthened in plugged ear kind mulberry field, and few picking leaves or not picking leaves are bred silkworms, and no damage by disease and insect is to guarantee the plugged ear quality.
The netted nutritious bag of 4 lightweights.The nutritious bag matrix formulations is to add 12% pure thin earth, 0.4% water-loss reducer (KD-1 high hydroscopic resin) in the burnt chaff, soaks into, mixes thoroughly with the solution of 1000 times of 50% carbendazim.Above formulation media 50～65g with the netted nonwoven parcel plugged ear base portion of growing seedlings of lightweight, is formed the netted nutritious bag of lightweight.
5 cuttage steps
(1) cuts plugged ear: utilize the living then spray that grows in spring, summer, with in the semi-lignified, the bottom makes plugged ear, it is long that plugged ear is cut into 12～15cm, the top clip should be above the mulberry bud 0.5～0.7cm, the lower end otch is whittled into the long horse ear shape of 0.8～1cm, clip requires smooth, and the terminal bud of each plugged ear all must have the blade of 1 1/2～1/3 leaf area.
(2) the plugged ear base portion is cut a mouthful processing: with indolebutyric acid 500mg/L (50% alcoholic solution) dipping 5～10s.
(3) insert plugged ear: the mulch film bag of the frame liner of will growing seedlings is earlier accomplished fluently cutting hole, in the laterally inserted hole of plugged ear, the netted nutritious bag of lightweight that again plugged ear base portion parcel is contained matrix, the limit insert edge is filled burnt chaff in the mulch film bag, inserted the back water matrix in the frame of drenching, on the mulch film bag of the frame bottom of growing seedlings, make a call to 10～15 apertures again in case ponding seals the back carbendazim solution that sprays 1500 times on the plugged ear blade and carries out fresh-keeping.
(4) go into canopy: after cuttage is finished, put into canopy, 1 post of growing seedlings is formed in per 3 frame stacks of growing seedlings.
(5) cooling moisture-retaining: survive for helping cuttage rooting, temperature of shed should be controlled at below 38 ℃, and humidity is controlled at more than 90%.When fine canopy temperature is higher than 38 ℃, will open air vent and air admission hole and carry out aeration-coolingly, note spraying and moisturizing simultaneously, prevent that plugged ear is wilting.Opened the mulch film bag on the 10th day, drench 1 time 1500 times of carbendazim solutions,, need to increase the trickle number of times and make the matrix cooling, be beneficial to the development growth of root if run into the weather continuous high temperature.
(6) hardening and transplanting: cuttage is after 20 days, and most of root has grown nutritious bag and reached more than the 2cm, and the moisture that will control matrix in the frame of growing seedlings this moment carries out the air root relief, and will raise booth two night, progressively carries out the transition to the round-the-clock sunshade net of raising and draw in later on.The 25th～30 day, select at dusk or the cloudy day transplants to the nursery, water behind the sufficient normal root water suitably the lid grass and shelter from heat or light and preserve moisture, noted keeping the skin wet the maintenance ground moistening in later 7 days.
(7) management in nursery: will often keep ground moistening after the transplanting, progressively remove straw mulch, in time weed with a hoe, prevent that bed surface from hardening.The management of fostering and apply fertilizer simultaneously, fertilising will be on a small quantity repeatedly, by light to dense; Also available 0.5% urea liquid carries out top dressing, promotes the healthy and strong growth of nursery stock.
(2) processing method 2 the no breather pipe in the frame of growing seedlings, other measure is with processing 1.
(3) do not add water-loss reducer (KD-1 high hydroscopic resin) in the processing method 3 nutritious bag matrix formulations; Other measure is with handling 1.
(4) filling substrate is the foamed plastic particle in processing method 4 frames, and other measure is with handling 1.
More than 4 kinds of processing methods the results are shown in Table 1.
Draw by table 1 data analysis, it is best to handle 4 effects.The root of hair rate reaches 91.6%.Planting percent reaches 84.1%, and the secondary lateral root is arranged, and it is yellow that the root look changes, and the growth of root is comparatively ripe.It is the poorest to handle 2 effects, and reason is that this processing frame of growing seedlings does not add breather pipe, and water content is too high in the matrix, oxygen is not enough, cause frame in, the plugged ear base portion of bottom rots and survival rate is low.Handle 3 owing to do not have water-loss reducer in the matrix of nutritious bag, the moisture regulating power is poor, is unfavorable for the formation of callus and growing of root equally.Handle 1 because the interior matrix of frame is burnt chaff, and its water imbibition is stronger, moisture is handled 4 height, be difficult to accomplish the air root relief, the maturity of root is lower, though long longer to the outer root of nutritious bag, but fracture easily when transplanting, cause root of hair rate and planting percent all not to handle 4 height.Handle 4 owing to adopt foam particle to make matrix in the frame, make the gross weight of the whole frame of growing seedlings less than 10kg, 1 people gets final product independent operation; The foamed plastic particle is reusable after with 1/1000 bleaching powder water cleaning and sterilizing.And make matrix owing to the water content height with burnt chaff, gross weight reaches 29kg, needs 2 people carrying, the not reproducible use of burnt chaff during operation.
4 kinds of different disposal methods of table 1 cuttage effect relatively
| Handle | Cuttage number (strain) | Root of hair strain number (strain) | Root of hair rate (%) | Every strain root of hair number (root/strain) | Transplant survival number (strain) | Planting percent (%) |
| 1 | 1080 | 867 | 80.3 | 21.3 | 716 | 66.3 |
| 2 | 1080 | 387 | 35.8 | 9.1 | 195 | 18.1 |
| 3 | 1080 | 738 | 68.3 | 18.7 | 527 | 48.8 |
| 4 | 1080 | 989 | 91.6 | 26.6 | 908 | 84.1 |
Annotate: each handles 9 frames, every frame cuttage 120 strains 1)
2) root of hair rate=root of hair strain number/cuttage number * 100%;
3) planting percent=transplant survival strain number/cuttage number * 100%.
4) every strain root of hair number is the mean of 30 young plants randomly drawed
Handling 4 method with the present invention, to produce mulberry sapling more effective more economically than the mulberry tree seedling-cultivating method of the full light auto spraying of promoting at present: the unit are number of growing seedlings improves that 5 times, cuttage planting percent improve 30% or more, economize on water more than 80%, investment is low, facility utilization rate is high.The mechanism of taking root of plugged ear produces root by original callus and root substance and becomes and present produce root (accounting for more than 90%) based on hole skin, and total root quantity also increases more than 40%.
Table 2 plastic tunnel three-dimensional seedling raising and full light auto spraying nursery effect contrast
| Project | The plastic tunnel three-dimensional seedling raising | Full light auto spraying is grown seedlings |
| Seedbed rooting rate (%) | 80～95 | 60～85 |
| Transplanting survival rate (%) | 80～92 | 30～60 |
| Number (strain/m grows seedlings 2) | 600～700 (2000 strains of growing seedlings in year) | 100～120 (360 strains of growing seedlings in year) |
| Water consumption (t/ mu day) | 1～2 (fine day) | 20t |
| Investment (ten thousand yuan/mu) | 1～2 | 7～8 |
| Utilization rate of equipment and installations (my god) | 365 (Xia Qiu grows seedlings, the Winter-Spring plants vegetables etc.) | 90～120 |
| The nursery lot transportation range | But long-distance transportation | Can only transplant nearby |
Annotate: 1) the plastic tunnel three-dimensional seedling raising is the data of Qianyang County, Shaanxi Province test basic point.
2) full light auto spraying is grown seedlings and was used the situation of this technology for Beijing Sangtui Bio-Tech Co., Ltd. in 2004～2005 years.Because of the mulberry sapling survival rate is low, effect is undesirable, and the said firm has abandoned the use of this technology now.
Claims (6)
1. the three-dimensional seedling raising method of a mulberry sapling is characterized in that:
1) plastic tunnel is prepared: ground impales the pond of dark 15～20cm in plastic tunnel, irritates the water layer of dark 5～10cm, airtight booth;
2) cuttage plugged ear: at the square frame liner mulch film bag of growing seedlings, the mulch film bag of frame liner of will growing seedlings is earlier accomplished fluently cutting hole, in the laterally inserted hole of spray plugged ear with semi-lignified, the netted nutritious bag of lightweight that again plugged ear base portion parcel is contained nutrient matrix, the limit insert edge is filling substrate in the mulch film bag, the water filling substrate in the frame of drenching is made a call to 10～15 apertures again after finishing on the mulch film bag of the frame bottom of growing seedlings;
3) column production of growing seedlings: will grow seedlings and frame shift into pond, ground in the canopy, 1 post of growing seedlings is formed in per 3～4 frames stacks of growing seedlings;
4) cooling moisture-retaining: temperature of shed was controlled at below 38 ℃, and humidity was opened the mulch film bag and drenched 1500 times of carbendazim solutions of 1 dilution more than 90% every 10 days, and seedling raise period 25～40 days obtains to nurse young plants in hothouses.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described square frame of growing seedlings is: the cuboid frame of length * wide * height=35cm * 35cm * 50cm, and 3cm is improved in the bottom; In the middle of the frame of growing seedlings, insert a plastics breather pipe, diameter 2～3cm, ring-like spacing 5cm makes a call to the aperture of a diameter 5mm.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, the netted nutritious bag of lightweight is the nutritious bag that adopts 50～65g nutrient matrix to form with the netted nonwoven parcel plugged ear base portion of growing seedlings of lightweight, and its nutrient matrix is: the water-loss reducer KD-1 high hydroscopic resin that adds mass ratio 10%～15% pure fine earth, mass ratio 0.2%～0.5% in the burnt chaff; Solution with 1000～1200 times of 50% carbendazim soaks into, mixes thoroughly.
4. method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, filling substrate is the foamed plastic particle of size 1～3cm diameter in the square frame of growing seedlings.
5. method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, filling substrate is the foamed plastic particle of size 1～3cm diameter in the square frame of growing seedlings.
6. the mulberry sapling product that obtained of the described three-dimensional seedling raising method of one of claim 1～5.
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104620958B (en) * | 2015-01-23 | 2017-04-19 | 池州市同德堂生物科技有限公司 | Suspension type stereoscopic seedling cultivating method |
| CN104641997B (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2017-06-23 | 江苏科技大学 | The hollow nursery box of one kind heating and its application |
| CN108142127A (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2018-06-12 | 广西壮歌农业科技桑博园有限责任公司 | A kind of mulberry tree cuttage and seedling culture method |
| CN108738772B (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2021-03-02 | 象州县科学技术情报研究所 | Cutting seedling breeding method for schefflera octophylla |
| CN110663437A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-01-10 | 龙里县绿源智慧农业有限公司 | Mulberry seedling exercising technology |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1120884A (en) * | 1994-10-18 | 1996-04-24 | 王林 | Rooting-speeding technology for mulberry cuttage |
| CN1486587A (en) * | 2003-08-08 | 2004-04-07 | 苏州大学 | One-step mulberry cutting and planting process |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1120884A (en) * | 1994-10-18 | 1996-04-24 | 王林 | Rooting-speeding technology for mulberry cuttage |
| CN1486587A (en) * | 2003-08-08 | 2004-04-07 | 苏州大学 | One-step mulberry cutting and planting process |
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| Title |
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| 刘作花.桑树塑料大棚扦插育苗技术.河北林业 6.1996,(6),13. |
| 刘作花.桑树塑料大棚扦插育苗技术.河北林业 6.1996,(6),13. * |
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| 钱文春等.桑树全光照喷雾嫩枝扦插育苗技术的应用.中国桑业24 2.2003,24(2),35-36. * |
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