CN103210771B - Method for efficiently cultivating ornamental lupin in protected area - Google Patents
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Abstract
Disclosed is method for efficiently cultivating ornamental lupin in a protected area. According to the method, the ornamental lupin is cultivated in the protected area, germination accelerating and low-temperature treatment are carried out on seeds, seedlings are grown in nutrient soil, field planting is carried out, and the seedlings are cultivated into finished flowers and plants combined with fertilizer applying and photo and temperature control. The method includes the main steps: (1) building a steel tube greenhouse; (2) the low-temperature treatment is carried out on the seeds at the temperature of 3 DEG C 2 DEG C for 45-60 days after the germination accelerating is carried out on the seeds in the constant temperature of 20 DEG C 2 DEG C; (3) growing the seedlings by using peat soil, rice chaff ash and vermiculite with the ratio of 1:1:0.5, and selecting the I-grade seedlings, wherein each seedling has more than 3 leaves; (4) carrying out the field planting by using garden soil, coal ash and river sand with the ratio of 6:3:1; (5) applying urea, cake fertilizer and compound fertilizer to promote growth, spraying KH2PO4 to promote flower bud differentiation, supplementing light for 4 hours every day, and keeping the temperature in the greenhouse to be 20-28 DEG C; and (6) repotting the lupin for sale. By adopting the method for cultivating the finished ornamental lupin, seed germination rates and seedling survival rates can be greatly improved, a seedling growing period is shortened, blossoming is promoted, uniformity in blossoming is improved, and the technical problem of difficulty in cultivating the finished ornamental lupin is solved.
Description
technical field
The present invention relates to one and view and admire lupine protection ground efficient cultivation method, belong to Floristry field.
background technology
Lupine (
lupins polyphylluslindl) genus pulse family Papillionoideae Lupinus is commonly called as Dull Ice Flower to herbaceos perennial in 1 year.The large look of feather fan Tofu pudding is rich, and plant type compactness is attractive in appearance, and ornamental value is high, is new novel garden and flower bed flowers that introduce, the same reward of floral leaf of China.Lupine symbol mother love and happiness, be called as Chinese mother and spend, and of many uses, market prospects are wide.The introduction cultivation of lupine, has enriched the very large flowers family member of China, for afforestation has increased material, also, for family's flower arrangement has increased element, has higher economy, ecology and social benefit.
Lupine originates in Western North America, and property happiness is nice and cool, moistening, sunny, avoids sweltering heat, wet waterlogging, and subacidity is to neutral light earth or sandy loam plantation, at basic soil undergrowth.Planted in fall, bloom spring in next year, executes phosphorus, potash fertilizer more, Shaoshi nitrogenous fertilizer.The Ecological Characteristics and the culture technique that are limited to lupine growth are immature, and in the area outdoor cropping of Subtropic of China monsoon climate type, fall temperature is higher, and seeding and seedling raising germination rate and storage rate are lower; The consecutive low temperature time in winter is short, and florescence uniformity is poor; Spring, rainfall was high, and blade face attached water too much affects plant type compactness, easily caused disease, also affected flowering quality simultaneously, and sight reduces.
summary of the invention
The object of the invention is, the problem and shortage existing according to above-mentioned existing culture technique, provide a kind of and can view and admire the technical method that lupine commodity are spent by quickly breeding, accelerating to view and admire lupine commodity flower cultivates, shorten cultivation period, promote plant strain growth, improve the quality of products, solve and view and admire the technical barrier that the lupine commodity seeds of flowering plants is planted.
Technical scheme of the present invention is that the inventive method is taked following steps:
1, the selection of protection ground and steel tube greenhouse are built: select irrigation and drainage easily, build the assembled thin-wall galvanized steel pipe plastic booth (abbreviation steel tube greenhouse) of standard type, film, external sunshade net are manually shaken in configuration.Wherein booth thing extends, wide 6 m, and long 30 m, shoulder height 1.6 m, rise 2.5 m, arch spacing 0.6 m, area 180 m
2; Antifogdrip PE film is canopy film, 2 pin black sunshade nets, sunshade rate 40%～60%.
2, vernalization: select degree of purity good view and admire lupin seed, first by seed disinfection, then with 40 ℃ of distilled water seed soaking 5 hours, by the seed of water content >=50%, be put into vernalization under 20 ℃ ± 2 ℃ conditions of constant temperature, until there is more than 75% seed to grow radicle, vernalization can finish.
3, low temperature treatment: the seed of having urged bud is packed in gauze bag, be then put into temperature stabilization in 3 ℃ ± 2 ℃ refrigerators, the processing time is 45～60 days.
4, point disk seedling growing and high-quality seedling are selected: the seed peat soil through low temperature treatment: rice chaff ash: vermiculite=1:1:0.5 configuration Nutrition Soil point disk seedling growing, choosing has 3 leaves and the I level seedling field planting with blade.
5, nutritive soil preparation and field planting: field planting nutritive cube specification is 20 ㎝ × 25 cm, by vegetable garden soil: coal ash: the Nutrition Soil of river sand=6:3:1 configuration, eliminate spray disinfectant completely with 1000 times of liquid soil bacterias, film covers 3 days, field planting afterwards in a week.
6, fertilising and light temperature control: field planting, after 10 days, is watered and executed 5% urea shortening seedling-slowing stage and short early growth, respectively imposes 1 time after 30 days and 50 days with rapeseed cake fertilizer by 800 times of dilutions, promotes in earlier stage to grow.Every 15 days later dry application 0.5g/ strain composite fertilizers 1 time, use 0.3% KH approximately 130 days time
2pO
4spray 1 time, after one week, repeat 1 time, promote flower bud differentiation and pumping flower tongue.At the beginning of 2 months next year, supplement illumination 4 hours at 6:00～8:00 and 16:00～18:00 with incandescent lamp respectively, cloudy day is supplemented illumination 12～14 hours in the daytime, sooner or later and night airtight booth heat, be incubated, daytime temperature remains between 20～28 ℃, keep soil moisture, can make the florescence ahead of time and neat and consistent.
7, changing basin sells: when existing bud, adopt 22 ㎝ × 30 cm specification plastic basin or porcelain basin to change basin, shelter from heat or light and delay transportation and sale after 3 days.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, after the present invention uses lupin seed is disinfected, vernalization under 20 ℃ ± 2 ℃ conditions, germination rate has been brought up to more than 95%, grow seedlings in conjunction with both Nutrition Soils of certainty ratio, plant storage rate is brought up to more than 90%, has improved more than 20% compared with conventional seedbed system; Facilities protection adopt the Nutrition Soil of both certainty ratios to cultivate, improved plant strain growth speed, solved the high problem of open country plantation plant lethality; The present invention adopts low temperature treatment seed, in conjunction with fertilising, light temperature control, promotes to view and admire lupine flower bud differentiation, makes advance flowering period 15～20 days, and florescence regularity reaches more than 80%, has greatly improved commodity and the economic benefit of finished product flower.
The present invention is applicable to view and admire lupine Efficient Cultivation.
accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the present invention views and admires lupine protection ground efficient cultivation method flow chart.
Embodiment
View and admire lupine protection ground Efficient Cultivation enforcement be positioned at plant stock breeding base, Jiangxi Province.115 ° 26 of east longitude ', 28 ° 28 of north latitude ', height above sea level 39 m, belong to subtropics, Mediterranean monsoon climate, make a clear distinction between the four seasons, and rainfall is abundant; Year illumination abundance, frost-free season is long, and average annual solar radiation total amount is 106 kJ/cm for many years
2average annual rainfall 1560 mm, wherein 4～July, rainfall accounted for the more than 60% of annual rainfall, very easily caused the generation of flood, 8～October, rainfall was on the low side, easily cause again volt, autumn arid, 17.7 ℃ of average annual temperature, the hottest month is 7～August, daily maximum temperature can reach more than 40 ℃, the coldest month is January, the extreme minimum air temperature-10.7 ℃, annual 276 days frost-free seasons.Soil is acid red loam.
Adopt thin-wall galvanized steel pipe plastic booth for examination protection ground, east-west, in canopy, be connected to illumination incandescent lamp, can carry out sun-shading, it is convenient to irrigate, ground leveling.Canopy temperature psychrometer record.
embodiment 1
The present embodiment is grown seedlings with adopting field seeding, and seed is without low temperature treatment, selects to have 3 leaves and contrasts with the lupine cultivation conventional method of the I level seedling field planting of blade equally.
The present embodiment one is viewed and admired lupine protection ground efficient cultivation method, comprises the following steps:
1, the selection of protection ground and steel tube greenhouse are built: select irrigation and drainage easily, build thin-wall galvanized steel pipe plastic booth, film, external sunshade net are manually shaken in configuration.Booth thing extends, wide 6 m, and long 30 m, shoulder height 1.6 m, rise 2.5 m, arch spacing 0.6 m, area 180 m
2; Antifogdrip PE film is canopy film, 2 pin black sunshade nets, sunshade rate 40%～60%.
2, vernalization: in mid-July select degree of purity good view and admire lupin seed, first by seed disinfection, again with 40 ℃ of distilled water seed soaking 5 hours, by the seed of water content >=50%, be put into vernalization under 20 ℃ ± 2 ℃ conditions of constant temperature, until there is more than 75% seed to grow radicle, vernalization can finish.
3, low temperature treatment: the seed of having urged bud is packed in gauze bag, be then put into temperature stabilization in 3 ℃ ± 2 ℃ refrigerators, the processing time is 55 days.Within one day, check a temperature, within two days, check a seed humidity, supplement in time seed moisture content.
4, point disk seedling growing and high-quality seedling are selected: September first arrival mid-September, adopt peat soil: rice chaff ash: vermiculite=1:1:0.5 configuration Nutrition Soil point disk seedling growing, after approximately 30 days, choosing has 3 leaves and the I level seedling field planting with blade through the seed of low temperature treatment.Contrast adopts field seeding to grow seedlings, and seed is without low temperature treatment, selects to have equally 3 leaves and the I level seedling field planting with blade.
5, nutritive soil preparation and field planting: by vegetable garden soil: coal ash: the Nutrition Soil of river sand=6:3:1 configuration, eliminate spray disinfectant completely, sealed by film covering 3 days with 1000 times of liquid soil bacterias, pack the nutritive cube that specification is 20 ㎝ × 25 cm into, in first arrival in October field planting mid-October, every basin 1 strain, reseeded after 1 week.Contrast field planting soil is field soil.The fine day processing of sheltering from heat or light noon.
6, fertilising and light temperature control: field planting, after 10 days, is watered and executed 5% urea, shortens seedling-slowing stage and short early growth.After 30 days and 50 days, water and execute totally 2 times by 800 times of dilutions with rapeseed cake fertilizer, promote grow early stage.At the beginning of 1,2 months next year and the middle ten days each dry application 0.5 g/ strain composite fertilizer totally 4 times, at the beginning of 3 months, use 0.3% KH
2pO
4spray 1 time, after one week, repeat 1 time, promote flower bud differentiation and pumping flower tongue.At the beginning of 2 months next year, start, fine day morning and dusk are supplemented illumination 4 hours (respectively at 6:00～8:00 and 16:00～18:00) with incandescent lamp, cloudy day is supplemented illumination 12～14 hours in the daytime, sooner or later and night airtight booth heat, be incubated, daytime temperature remains between 20～28 ℃, notes keeping soil moisture.Contrast is not incubated and light filling processing.
7, changing basin sells: when existing bud, change basin processing, specification is 22 ㎝ × 30 cm plastic basin or porcelain basins, connects nutritious bag and is inserted in the lump, reduces and changes the impact that basin brings, and sheltering from heat or light to delay started transportation and sale after 3 days.
8, experimental station reason germination rate is more than 95%, and plant storage rate reaches more than 90%, and the regularity of blooming reaches more than 80%, blooms for mid-March.Contrast germination rate is 72%, and storage rate is 68%, and the regularity of blooming is 45% left and right, and blooming is at the beginning of 4 months.
embodiment 2
The present embodiment contrasts with the open ground traditional cultivation lupine method of unprotect facility.
One is viewed and admired lupine protection ground efficient cultivation method, comprises the following steps:
1, the selection of protection ground and steel tube greenhouse are built: select irrigation and drainage easily, build thin-wall galvanized steel pipe plastic booth, film, external sunshade net are manually shaken in configuration.Booth thing extends, wide 6 m, and long 30 m, shoulder height 1.6 m, rise 2.5 m, arch spacing 0.6 m, area 180 m
2; Antifogdrip PE film is canopy film, 2 pin black sunshade nets, sunshade rate 40%～60%.Contrast is the open ground of unprotect facility.
2, vernalization: in mid-July select degree of purity good view and admire lupin seed, first by seed disinfection, again with 40 ℃ of distilled water seed soaking 5 hours, by the seed of water content >=50%, be put into vernalization under 20 ℃ ± 2 ℃ conditions of constant temperature, until there is more than 75% seed to grow radicle, vernalization can finish.
3, low temperature treatment: the seed of having urged bud is packed in gauze bag, be then put into temperature stabilization in 3 ℃ ± 2 ℃ refrigerators, the processing time is 48 days.Within one day, check a temperature, within two days, check a seed humidity, supplement in time seed moisture content.
4, point disk seedling growing and high-quality seedling are selected: September first arrival mid-September, adopt peat soil: rice chaff ash: vermiculite=1:1:0.5 configuration Nutrition Soil point disk seedling growing, after approximately 30 days, choosing has 3 leaves and the I level seedling field planting with blade through the seed of low temperature treatment.
5, nutritive soil preparation and field planting: by vegetable garden soil: coal ash: the Nutrition Soil of river sand=6:3:1 configuration, eliminate spray disinfectant completely, sealed by film covering 3 days with 1000 times of liquid soil bacterias, pack the nutritive cube that specification is 20 ㎝ × 25 cm into, in first arrival in October field planting mid-October, every basin 1 strain, reseeded after 1 week.The fine day processing of sheltering from heat or light noon.
6, fertilising and light temperature control: field planting, after 10 days, is watered and executed 5% urea, shortens seedling-slowing stage and short early growth.After 30 days and 50 days, water and execute totally 2 times by 800 times of dilutions with rapeseed cake fertilizer, promote grow early stage.At the beginning of 1,2 months next year and the middle ten days each dry application 0.5 g/ strain composite fertilizer totally 4 times, at the beginning of 3 months, use 0.3% KH
2pO
4spray 1 time, after one week, repeat 1 time, promote flower bud differentiation and pumping flower tongue.At the beginning of 2 months next year, fine day morning and dusk are supplemented illumination 4 hours (respectively at 6:00～8:00 and 16:00～18:00) with incandescent lamp, cloudy day is supplemented illumination 12～14 hours in the daytime, sooner or later and night airtight booth heat, be incubated, daytime temperature remains between 20～28 ℃, notes keeping soil moisture.Contrast is for fertilising is with processing, without light filling and Insulation.
7, changing basin sells: when existing bud, change basin processing, specification is 22 ㎝ × 30 cm plastic basin or porcelain basins, connects nutritious bag and is inserted in the lump, reduces and changes the impact that basin brings, and sheltering from heat or light to delay started transportation and sale after 3 days.
8, experiment processing plant storage rate reaches more than 90%, and the regularity of blooming reaches more than 80%, blooms for mid-March.Contrast storage rate is 57%, and the regularity of blooming is 29%, blooms for April is upper, the middle ten days.
Claims (1)
1. view and admire lupine protection ground efficient cultivation method for one kind; described method comprises protection to be selected, vernalization, seed disinfection processing, low temperature treatment, point disk seedling growing and the selection of high-quality seedling, nutritive soil preparation and field planting, fertilising and light temperature control; it is characterized in that, described method comprises:
(1) select irrigation and drainage easily, build the assembled thin-wall galvanized steel pipe plastic booth of standard type, film, external sunshade net are manually shaken in configuration; Booth thing extends, wide 6m, and long 30m, shoulder height 1.6m, rises 2.5m, arch spacing 0.6m, area 180m
2; Antifogdrip PE film is canopy film, 2 pin black sunshade nets, sunshade rate 40%～60%;
(2) select degree of purity good view and admire lupin seed, after seed disinfection, with 40 ℃ of distilled water seed soaking 5 hours, by the seed of water content >=50%, be put into vernalization under 20 ℃ ± 2 ℃ conditions of constant temperature, until there is more than 75% seed to grow radicle, vernalization can finish;
(3) seed of having urged bud is packed in gauze bag, be then put into temperature stabilization in 3 ℃ ± 2 ℃ refrigerators, the processing time is 45～60 days;
(4) through the seed peat soil of low temperature treatment: rice chaff ash: vermiculite=1:1:0.5 configuration Nutrition Soil point disk seedling growing, choosing has 3 leaves and the I level seedling field planting with blade;
(5) field planting nutritive cube specification is 20 ㎝ × 25cm, by vegetable garden soil: coal ash: the Nutrition Soil of river sand=6:3:1 configuration, eliminate spray disinfectant completely with 1000 times of liquid soil bacterias, film covers 3 days, field planting afterwards in a week;
(6) field planting, after 10 days, is watered and is executed 5% urea shortening seedling-slowing stage and short early growth, after 30 days and 50 days, respectively imposes 1 time by 800 times of dilutions with rapeseed cake fertilizer, promotes in earlier stage to grow; Every 15 days later dry application 0.5g/ strain composite fertilizers 1 time, 0.3%KH approximately 130 days time
2pO
4spray 1 time, after one week, repeat 1 time, promote flower bud differentiation and pumping flower tongue; At the beginning of 2 months next year, supplement illumination 4 hours at 6:00～8:00 and 16:00～18:00 with incandescent lamp respectively, cloudy day is supplemented illumination 12～14 hours in the daytime, sooner or later and night airtight booth heat, be incubated, daytime temperature remains between 20～28 ℃, keep soil moisture, can make the florescence ahead of time and neat and consistent;
(7) while showing bud, adopt 22 ㎝ × 30cm specification plastic basin or porcelain basin to change basin, shelter from heat or light and delay transportation and sale after 3 days.
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105660407B (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2017-08-08 | 江西省科学院生物资源研究所 | A kind of lupin " gallery " blade quick-breeding method of combination outside sprout-cultivating-bottle technology |
| CN105706692B (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2018-05-08 | 江西省科学院生物资源研究所 | A kind of method for promoting lupin to bear pods and improve seed production |
| CN108812114A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-11-16 | 铜陵美味经果林种植专业合作社 | A kind of method that the medicinal vegetables purslane of ecological pet is cultivated |
| CN110352821A (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2019-10-22 | 江西省科学院生物资源研究所 | A kind of implantation methods of red kiwi fruit interplanting lupin |
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| CN85108314A (en) * | 1985-11-07 | 1987-05-13 | 西北大学 | The artificial raise seedling method of fritillaria thunbergii |
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