CN107347561A - The umbrella-type steel paper mulberry aerial fog cultivation method of fruit tree - Google Patents
The umbrella-type steel paper mulberry aerial fog cultivation method of fruit tree Download PDFInfo
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- CN107347561A CN107347561A CN201710680725.3A CN201710680725A CN107347561A CN 107347561 A CN107347561 A CN 107347561A CN 201710680725 A CN201710680725 A CN 201710680725A CN 107347561 A CN107347561 A CN 107347561A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/10—Devices for affording protection against animals, birds or other pests
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
- A01G17/14—Props; Stays
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention discloses the umbrella-type steel paper mulberry aerial fog cultivation method of a planting fruit-trees, category cultivation of fruit tree administrative skill field.This method is supported by the use of umbrella shape steel construction tree as fruit tree growth, the bondage frame being distributed by the use of the steel construction triangular grid structure of umbrella shape as branch curved surface, realizes the flat canopy appearance of curved surface of top fruit sprayer growth.Nutrient solution is supplied by the way of root system spraying and replaces traditional fertilizer irrigation management, realizes controllableization of root zone temperature with falling temperature technique with reference to nutrient solution heating, reaches the effect of term regulation.It is that fly net and film are covered in skeleton combination using umbrella-type steelframe, formation insect prevention is taken shelter from rain and the cultivation effect of Winter protection.The technology is fruit tree without soilization aerial fog cultivation, and the production of fruit trees of suitable all bare place environment, such as deserted mountain, desert, island, salt-soda soil, Metropolis Square environment, is a kind of new Labor-saving high-quality cultivation of fruit tree new method.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, it is related to the umbrella-type steel paper mulberry aerial fog cultivation method of a planting fruit-trees.
Background technology
The cultivation of fruit tree have also been developed some root-limiting cultivatings and artificial substratum in recent years based on substantially planting at present with soil
The container culturing of type, for the growing environment of root system, be all using soil or matrix as carrier, thus natural zone come it is native, fertile,
Water, the managerial troublesome operation of grass, the technical measures of tillage and weeding fertilizer irrigation are formd, occupy the major part of field management
Labour.In addition, unscientific fertilising also causes to grow unbalanced simultaneously, yield and quality fails the growth for reaching varities practice
Potentiality, in addition, the fertilizing management of soil plantation, either organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer, can only account for 1- by what root system of plant absorbed
3%, most of pollutions for turning into environment, the eutrophication of underground water, while also result in the serious waste of fertilizer.It is miscellaneous in order to solve
Rich water race problem between grass and fruit tree, has to regularly tillage and weeding, turns into the main labour of orchard management and throws
Enter.This traditional production of fruit trees mode dependent on soil, be limited to soil physical and chemical property, it is difficult in the thin deserted mountain of soil layer and
There is no the desert of soil, be not suitable for the salt-soda soil environmental cultivation fruit tree of plant growth, that is to say, that can only be in ploughing by improvement
Cultivation of fruit tree is carried out on the ground.Second, traditional production of fruit trees, its tree body management is all the people on fruit tree is based on naturally tree-like
Work pruning, plant are all stereoscopic three-dimensional branching pattern, and tree body branch is divided into that upper, middle and lower is inside and outside, everywhere the light suffered by branch
According to inconsistent, ventilation condition is also different, causes tied fruit its maturity, size, sugared part Isoquant factor and quality factor
Difference, the fruit marketability of production is poor.
So soil improvement must be carried out during current production of fruit trees building well first, as hillside orchard also needs first to build terraced fields, make
The soil erosion serious into early stage.The work such as interim tillage and weeding fertilizer irrigation have accounted for the 50-70% of production cost, into
It is low for the industry of labour intensive, producer's income.In addition, largely using fertilizer and pesticide, the peace of environmental pollution and fruit is caused
Full hidden danger, it has also become the bottleneck of fruit industry sustainable development.Using the fruit of the tree-like production of tradition, it is difficult to reach the high chaff degree of high-quality
Requirement, although current also have some areas to start to combine the transformation of flat frame and hedge wall using dense planting, technical operation requirement
It is high, it is difficult to popularization and promotion.At present, drug on the market for common fruit, but the fruit of high-quality lacks as usual with safe fruit market
Mouth is very big, and quality obtains the break-through point of benefit with the key that safety is technological innovation and transition and upgrade, and the producer.Pole needs
One kind is not only restricted to heavy soil cultivation, Labor-saving management can be achieved, while and can effectively solves the technology birth of quality and safety
It is raw.
Soilless culture is the main path for solving heavy soil cultivation recruitment, but is currently applied to vegetables mostly both at home and abroad
With the soilless culture of flowers, applied on fruit tree less.Once had been reported that within 2016, the luxuriant woods fruit tree research institute in Britain east, using water
Training production apple, but scientific research is only limited to going sightseeing, it is difficult to applied in production.Fruit tree is rotten in the easy anoxic of water planting environment
Root, turn into the significant obstacle of fruit tree water planting research and probe and application.Although for that can be raised fruit trees without soilization substrate culture,
The fruit tree of big tree body is different from vegetables, and substrates quantity is big, and weeds can be equally grown after aging, at the same be difficult to deduction and exemption weeding and
Rich water quality management recruitment, only serve the effect of matrix physicochemical character improvement.Fruit tree aerial fog cultivation research work, is constantly in greenhouse and sets
Cultivated under the environmental condition applied, do not move towards the crop field, mountain region and desert of no facility.Trained and studied by aerosol, it has therefore proved that aerosol
Almost suitable all fruit tree species carry out mist training production for cultivation, and show as production mostly quickly, better than soil cultivation, are
Fruit tree opens brand-new technological approaches without rustic atomising cultivation.Aerosol training under outdoor no facility condition, also needs to solve
Anti-wind problems, because aerosol training is the cultivation of root system hanging type, tree body can be caused in coastal strong wind area without powerful support frame
Destruction.Other orchard is large-scale industry development mostly, unlike vegetable soilless culture, it is necessary to is formed and is adapted to outdoor production
Aerosol Bagle tree production system.
As quality optimization and the fruit tree technical measures of high pol production, allow the flat frame of fruit shape or hedge frame is not
The trend come, but be at present that posture separates with cultivation mostly, and the posture built uses column and steel wire pattern mostly, together
The attack of the difficult anti-violent typhoon of sample, allow tree body and powerful support force steelframe to combine together cultivations, wind resistance will be greatly improved, solution
Coastal and island development fruit industry anti-high wind problem.
The content of the invention
The present invention seeks to exist for current production of fruit trees, single cultivation mode, environmental pollution and ecological disruption be big, field
Between manage the amount of labour used is big, high-quality fruit is difficult to produce with safe fruit, anti-natural calamity ability is weak, rich water quality management can not be accurate
Change, tree-like cultivation does not meet the problems such as high sugar cultivation requires and proposed, there is provided a kind of " the umbrella-type steel paper mulberry aerial fog cultivation method of fruit tree ",
Realize the environmental preservation type production of the high saccharification of Labor-saving precision.
The technical scheme is that the umbrella-type steel paper mulberry aerial fog cultivation method of fruit tree, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps：
A is according to kind of intending cultivating apple trees is different and the space size difference of cultivation area determines the expansion of umbrella shape steel paper mulberry
Diameter and height, the steel paper mulberry quantity laid according to mu is come the diameter that determines spacing and often set and height；
B, which designs to meet, drafts height and the umbrella shape steel paper mulberry construction drawing of diameter, and is for data processing, and sorts out material kind
Class and length inventory；
C selection 20# or 25# galvanizings tubing is steel paper mulberry construction material, and material processing is carried out according to inventory using punch press,
Length of material control errors are in 0.5-1 millimeter scopes, in terms of the hole middle-range of material；
The umbrella skeleton that d carries out steel paper mulberry according to construction drawing assembles, to making cement jet at steel paper mulberry stump after the completion of assembling
Slurry processing, builds up the root fog chamber for fruit tree field planting；
For e in laying waterproof cloth in root fog chamber and reserving nutrient solution refluxing opening in bottom, root fog chamber is the growth of root zone of fruit tree
Space, installs annular feed flow branch pipe, and in, according to the uniform installation mist nozzle of 0.6 meter of spacing, passing through pipeline height on feed flow branch pipe
Degree and nozzle angle are adjusted to reach the atomization uniformly effect without dead angle in root fog chamber；
Every plant of steel paper mulberry feed flow branch pipe is uniformly accessed into feed flow side pipe and supervisor by f, is used at every plant of steel paper mulberry return port close
Seal and clip are handled close ne-leakage connection is made between waterproof cloth and return duct, and are uniformly accessed into return duct, realize nutrition
The feed flow and reflux cycle of liquid；
After g builds up the root fog chamber of steel paper mulberry pedestal, buckle field planting plate above root fog chamber, and on field planting plate according to field planting
Strain number open up corresponding field planting hole, field planting bore open is generally 5-10 centimetres of diameter, is grown up with tree body and remakes expanding treatment；
H chooses annual fruit nursery stock, first first makees appropriate root system pruning processing, cutting back 1/2-1/3 before field planting；
The fruit tree of i umbrella-type steel paper mulberries mist training method plantation, all using binding type moulding, i.e., all fruit tree branches grown
The uniform bondage of the tip allows every position on net network forming frame, allowing branch to make two dimensional surface formula elongation growth along steel paper mulberry curved surface rack
Uniform illumination, well-ventilated；
J is using steel paper mulberry as support frame, and overlay film is taken shelter from rain and linked network insect prevention at umbrella top；
K intervenes the fruit tree phenological period using nutrient solution heating or the method to cool, realizes shifting to an earlier date with prolonging for fruit maturity period
Afterwards；
L aerosolization soilless cultures, when hillside orchard is developed, fixed point is built steel paper mulberry and laying pipeline and can planted
Training, realize that environmental preservation type produces；
M realizes the precision fertilizer of fruit tree by nutrient solution prescription adjustment, while also eliminates soil improvement tillage and weeding
Fertilizer irrigation, realize that the laborsaving water-saving of fruit tree saves fertile zero-emission formula environmental preservation type production.
Present invention has the advantages that
(1) after fruit tree uses aerial fog cultivation, do not limited to by soil environment, there is illumination to there is water to have the place of electricity can any
To raise fruit trees, it can be used for salt-soda soil, desert, island, city without the progress cultivation of fruit tree of soil environment Deng Feigeng areas.In addition,
Without smooth terraced fields, fixed point is built mist training steel paper mulberry and can produced directly at plantation, can protect for exploitation for hillside orchard
Vegetation and the ecology in former mountain region are held, to ecological environment without any destruction.
(2) after fruit tree uses aerial fog cultivation, rich water enclosed type in a manner of nutrient solution recycles, and is that one kind is economized on water the most
Cultivation mode with saving fertilizer, water consumption only need 1/10 that conventional soil is cultivated, are adapted to scarcity of fresh water resources area to build plantation fruit
Tree, the rich water supplying mode of circulation zero-discharging, decreases fertilizer to environment and the leakage pollution of underground water, realizes environment in addition
Save production from damage.
(3) after fruit tree uses aerial fog cultivation, can be carried out according to different fruit tree uptake characters and growth and development stage are different
The precision allotment of mineral element supply, at utmost meet to grow and the rich water demand of quality-improving output increased, this
It is that soil cultivation can not be realized.Most professional mineral element demand guarantee is provided to cultivate the fruit of high yield and high quality.
(4) after fruit tree uses aerial fog cultivation, the work such as tillage and weeding fertilizer irrigation can be reduced or remitted, have reduced or remitted 70% field
Manage recruitment.
(5) aerial fog cultivation is the mode that a kind of root system is hanging, battalion's matter nutrition is atomized supply, and allowing root system to be in rich water gas three will
The most sufficient state of element, the speed of growth of fruit tree is 3-5 times of soil cultivation, most of fruit tree next year cans operations or rich
Production, is advanced by operation period of bearing fruit significantly.
(6) after branch uses plane bondage, per position branches and leaves and fruit can obtain most sufficient and uniformity
Illumination, realize the homogenization development of fruit size and coloring, and pol generally improves.In addition, branch and tree body and steelframe
The Training system of bondage, the friction reduced under high wind conditions between branch is injured, can greatly reduce the generation of disease.
(7) supported using steelframe, can carry out anniversary or ripe previous moon overlay film and fly net, reduce fruit drench with rain and
Ripe phase winged insect and bird endanger with honeybee, it is possible to reduce disease and raising fruit pol and improvement fruit outward appearance.
(8) most of fruit trees, by the regulation and control of solution temperature, it can reach in advance or delay the effect in 7-10 days maturity periods
Fruit, in the concentration that staggers listing season, increase economic efficiency.
(9) using group planting field planting method, i.e., several plants of fruit seedlings are colonized per steel paper mulberry, allow steelframe quickly to cover green, reach early high-yield
Effect, at most once can uniformly be colonized 6-12 strain fruit seedlings per pier steel paper mulberries, cross-fixing trunk can be used during shaping bondage
And branch, it can finally be healed in cross-point couple very much in love, reach the landscape effect for closing wood growth.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 a, Fig. 1 b, Fig. 1 c and Fig. 1 d are the designs of umbrella-type steel paper mulberry and assembling schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the Plant colonization method schematic diagram in umbrella-type steel paper mulberry aerial fog cultivation of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of more plant group planting in umbrella-type steel paper mulberry aerial fog cultivation of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the flat tree-like schematic diagram of shed frame type in umbrella-type steel paper mulberry aerial fog cultivation of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is umbrella-type steel paper mulberry aerial fog cultivation Zhong Gen fog chambers of the present invention schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is insect prevention schematic diagram of being taken shelter from rain in umbrella-type steel paper mulberry aerial fog cultivation of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is that Flat Ground Orchard builds schematic diagram in umbrella-type steel paper mulberry aerial fog cultivation of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is hillside fields Orchard Construction schematic diagram in umbrella-type steel paper mulberry aerial fog cultivation of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is the dragon fruit photo using invention plantation.
Embodiment
The umbrella-type steel paper mulberry aerial fog cultivation method of the fruit tree of the present invention, including the step of the following aspects：
The umbrella-type steel paper mulberry aerial fog cultivation method of fruit tree, comprises the following steps：
A is according to kind of intending cultivating apple trees is different and the space size difference of cultivation area determines the expansion of umbrella shape steel paper mulberry
Diameter and height, the steel paper mulberry quantity laid according to mu is come the diameter that determines spacing and often set and height；Umbrella shape steel paper mulberry is double
Curved surface triangular grid structure structure, hyperboloid are made up of top-surface camber and lower surface camber, and top-surface camber diameter is big, branch during for fruit tree plant strain growth
The plane bondage of the tip, the lower surface camber below hyperboloid eel-like figure are used for the construction of root fog chamber.
B, which designs to meet, drafts height and the umbrella shape steel paper mulberry construction drawing of diameter, and is for data processing, and sorts out material kind
Class and length inventory；
C selection 20# or 25# galvanizings tubing is steel paper mulberry construction material, and material processing is carried out according to inventory using punch press,
Length of material control errors are in 0.5-1 millimeter scopes, in terms of the hole middle-range of material；
The umbrella skeleton that d carries out steel paper mulberry according to construction drawing assembles, to making cement jet at steel paper mulberry stump after the completion of assembling
Slurry processing, builds up the root fog chamber for fruit tree field planting；Make cement throwing jet processing, i.e. the steel structure three in pedestal layer at steel paper mulberry stump
The net material bag for first making wire netting or shading screen class on the rack of angle is tied up, and remakes cement rendering or shotcreting process processing.Described
The big plant fruit tree that root fog chamber is used for original soil cultivation turns to plant in the root system pretreatment link needed for aerial fog cultivation environment, urges root
When pearlite interstitial substance humidity keep 75-85%, air humidity almost keeps 100%, using spray pattern moisturizing, keeps leaf substantially
Piece does not fall leaf.
For e in laying waterproof cloth in root fog chamber and reserving nutrient solution refluxing opening in bottom, root fog chamber is the growth of root zone of fruit tree
Space, installs annular feed flow branch pipe, and in, according to the uniform installation mist nozzle of 0.6 meter of spacing, passing through pipeline height on feed flow branch pipe
Degree and nozzle angle are adjusted to reach the atomization uniformly effect without dead angle in root fog chamber；
Every plant of steel paper mulberry feed flow branch pipe is uniformly accessed into feed flow side pipe and supervisor by f, is used at every plant of steel paper mulberry return port close
Seal and clip are handled close ne-leakage connection is made between waterproof cloth and return duct, and are uniformly accessed into return duct, realize nutrition
The feed flow and reflux cycle of liquid；
After g builds up the root fog chamber of steel paper mulberry pedestal, buckle field planting plate above root fog chamber, and on field planting plate according to field planting
Strain number open up corresponding field planting hole, field planting bore open is generally 5-10 centimetres of diameter, is grown up with tree body and remakes expanding treatment；
H chooses annual fruit nursery stock, first first makees appropriate root system pruning processing, cutting back 1/2-1/3 before field planting；If
Perennial big tree is transferred to the training of steel paper mulberry aerosol, it is necessary to makees more than 3/4 heavy cutting back processing to root system, or removes all root systems
Only stay root system base portion i.e. root restriction, and urge root to handle in the pearlite interstitial substance of humidity plant root pocket is buried, wait to grow newly
Aerosol training environment field planting is transferred to after root.
The fruit tree of i umbrella-type steel paper mulberries mist training method plantation, all using binding type moulding, i.e., all fruit tree branches grown
The uniform bondage of the tip allows every position on net network forming frame, allowing branch to make two dimensional surface formula elongation growth along steel paper mulberry curved surface rack
Uniform illumination, well-ventilated；Binding type moulding, the young sprout for exactly taking out hair are shown in that branch is tied up, and allow branch all to planarize uniform bondage
In the effect on rack curved surface, reaching similar hedge wall and flat frame shaping, that is, allow branch to make two dimensional topology with curved surface, form flat canopy
Posture is tree-like, allows the consistent well-ventilated of tree body illumination everywhere.
J is using steel paper mulberry as support frame, and overlay film is taken shelter from rain and linked network insect prevention at umbrella top；Overlay film is taken shelter from rain and linked network insect prevention, is
Refer to and reach pol raising by taking shelter from rain, the harm of insect pest and hummingbird to fruit is reduced by linked network, realize ripe preceding not medication with true
Fruit retention product safety.It is the processing method for realizing the few agricultural chemicals cultivation of the high pol of fruit tree, can be with anniversary overlay film linked network, or before the ripe phase
Handle within one month.
K intervenes the fruit tree phenological period using nutrient solution heating or the method to cool, realizes shifting to an earlier date with prolonging for fruit maturity period
Afterwards, busy season of staggering increases the benefit.Described nutrient solution heating or cooling, wherein heat for early spring, root is allowed by heat treatment
System worm to the greatest extent reactivates, and shifts to an earlier date the effect in phenological period similar to the heating of soil cultivation covering film, is heated up to solution temperature to 18-
21℃；Such as high temperature stress weather, 18-21 DEG C of section is cooled to by nutrient solution, is solved using the method for nutrient solution refrigeration for cooling
The photosynthetic dormancy problem that Stoma of Leaves caused by certainly root temperature is too high is closed.
L aerosolization soilless cultures, when hillside orchard is developed, fixed point is built steel paper mulberry and laying pipeline and can planted
Training, realize that environmental preservation type produces；The aerosolization soilless culture of described fruit tree is that plant root is hung in air, using more
The mode of mist supplies nutrient solution toward spraying on root system, allows root system to be in the most direct state of oxygen most adequate water nutrition supply,
Usual plant growth rate will be faster than 3-5 times of soil cultivation, can reach the effect of fast-growing premature labor.Desert, saline and alkaline can be utilized
The bare place environmental construction orchard such as ground and island, powerful support and the wind resistance of steel construction can be utilized, solves coastal strong wind area
Orchard Construction problem.
M realizes the precision fertilizer of fruit tree by nutrient solution prescription adjustment, while also eliminates soil improvement tillage and weeding
Fertilizer irrigation, realize that the laborsaving water-saving of fruit tree saves fertile zero-emission formula environmental preservation type production.Nutrient solution prescription, it is according to different product
The full price balance formula that kind is formulated fertilizer different demands and different regions different quality situation, because growth and development of fruit tree is different
Stage carries out the control accurate that element ratio is matched somebody with somebody, and allows fruit tree to be in optimal mineral element supply condition all the time；Also save simultaneously
The farm works such as tillage and weeding fertilizer irrigation, reach the effect of Labor-saving precision cultivation.The nutrition member of the nutrient solution prescription
Plain ppm ratios are with as follows：
N:P:K:Ca:Mg:S:Cu:Zn:Mn:Fe:Mo:B=210:31:235:200:48:64:0.02:0.05:0.5:
2.5:0.01:0.5.This formula is the general formulation for being adapted to most of cultivation of fruit tree plantations.
Embodiment 1
The umbrella-type steel paper mulberry aerial fog cultivation of dragon fruit, such as Fig. 9.
1) construction of umbrella-type steel paper mulberry, first using CAD software carry out three-dimensional modeling, draw out it is proposed into hyperboloid knot
Composition, as plan is built up high 4.5 meters, umbrella shape top-surface camber deployment diameter is 8 meters, and susceptor diameter is 2 meters of steel paper mulberry, produces figure
Show 1-a CAD diagram.CAD software function is recycled, selects lines 1 in figure, and line length is checked in dependence column, length
Precision retains four figures value after decimal point, and same length assigns a numbering, marked on drawing, forms Fig. 1-b steel paper mulberry
The figure of coding 2 of assembling.Different length and numbering data are arranged, the bill of materials for forming following table is processed for producer.Processing mode is adopted
With the mode of punch press punching, processing length is consistent with hole middle-range with bill of materials length, and punching aperture is 8.8mm, is processed
Material whip picture numbering mark.
| Sequence number | Length (rice) | Quantity (root) | Numbering |
| 1 | 0.7025 | 6 | 13 |
| 2 | 0.8514 | 12 | 9 |
| 3 | 0.93 | 6 | 11 |
| 4 | 0.9475 | 18 | 6 |
| 5 | 1 | 6 | 15 |
| 6 | 1.0442 | 24 | 2 |
| 7 | 1.2887 | 18 | 1 |
| 8 | 1.3205 | 12 | 4 |
| 9 | 1.3405 | 12 | 8 |
| 10 | 1.3549 | 12 | 12 |
| 11 | 1.3597 | 12 | 14 |
| 12 | 1.4115 | 12 | 5 |
| 13 | 1.4389 | 12 | 10 |
| 14 | 1.4839 | 12 | 7 |
| 15 | 1.5506 | 12 | 3 |
2) installation method, installation tool use electric wrench and sleeve accessory, and the screw rod of assembling is diameter 38.8mm and material
Aperture is consistent, per screw rod 4 with corresponding nut 5 and pad 6.Installation order is down successively installed according to installation diagram at top.Spiral shell
The installation method of bar is shown in Fig. 1-c and Fig. 1-d.
3) construction of root fog chamber such as Fig. 5, root fog chamber are the atomizing environment that fruit tree root system creates dark high humility, and root system is from mist
Obtain nutrition and moisture in the aqueous vapor of change, and the hanging mode of root system 7 maximizes intake oxygen, and root fog chamber is fruit tree growth wound
Make optimal rich water compression ring border.Root fog chamber uses cement jet slurry processes construction, has the advantages of pedestal firm and wind resistance, while also sharp
In temperature stabilization.During construction, wire netting is first laid in steel paper mulberry bottom steelframe surface, make on wire netting cement throwing jet or
Rendering is handled, and forms four walls 8 of root fog chamber.Lay waterproof cloth or geotextiles composite membrane in root fog chamber, carefully draw during operation
It is broken in order to avoid leak, plastic film mulch opens up an osculum after bottom, and makees junction using between clip and sealing ring and return duct 9
Reason, accomplishes water-tight.In one week ring-type installation atomizing feed pipe 10 of root fog chamber room edge, in, at interval of 0.6 meter, installation one is more on pipe
Mist mini sprinkler 11, for making mist during feed flow.By above-mentioned steps, root fog chamber is built up substantially.
4) field planting and shaping, prior to buckling field planting plate 12 in root fog chamber before field planting, field planting plate is using thick 0.025 meter extrusion molding
Plate is tailored by root fog chamber shape and formed.As only made Plant colonization, such as Fig. 2, then planted in field planting plate center perforate, general fruit tree
It is 5-10 centimetres of diameter to train Early Earth hole size, and with trunk thickening, row expands again in the future.If using more plants of group planting, such as
Fig. 3, field planting hole can be opened up by the strain number of group planting in field planting plate surrounding uniform pore openings.If in order to more conducively when being colonized seedling
Plant is fixed, and seedling can also be first colonized by the use of heavy caliber pvc pipe as 13 sets of dry rows again of field planting pipe, is kept setting beneficial to pvc pipe
Seedling is uprightly with consolidating.Before field planting, if seedling is colonized, it need to only make appropriate cutting back processing row field planting again to root system, if turning
The seedlings cultivated in original soil or big tree are planted, obtains and urges root to handle before being first colonized.It is exactly that original soil is planted to urge root
The terrestrial root formed during training is all wiped out from root system base portion, then plant root pocket is embedded in the pearlite interstitial substance of humidity, and
Blade moisture content abundance is kept not dry up by atomizing, most of fruit varieties typically grew white new root via 15-20 days, treated
Aerosol training environment plantation is transferred to when root system length is to 3-5 centimetres.For the fruit tree of Plant colonization, enter when length is to certain altitude
Row pinching inspires branch, then branch is uniformly drawn tie up on steel paper mulberry rack with steel structure umbrella shape bondage shaping.If group planting
Then on every plant of tree uniform bondage rack of trunk, then row branch bondage shaping, it is tree-like to eventually form flat shed frame type, such as Fig. 4.
5) scope of application, the aerial fog cultivation of all fruit trees can be almost adapted to using the above method, both can be applied to level land
Building well, such as Fig. 7, can also be adapted to acclive mountain region building well, such as Fig. 8, can be used for Metropolis Square and desert, beach saline-alkali
Deng bare place application.
6) nutrient management, the training of dragon fruit mist can use general Japanese vegetable garden experimental formula, can also use proprietary formula, Japan
Vegetable garden experimental formula is versatile, substantially suitable most plants cultivation, is not described here, below matching somebody with somebody with regard to dragon fruit proprietary formula
Making is discussed in detail.The each element that following proprietary formula is drafted according to dragon fruit growth characteristics and production practices application assembles ppm：
N-P-K-Ca-Mg-Cu-Zn-Mn-Fe-Mo-B=150-40-225-210-40-0.1-0.2-2 .0-5.0-0.05-0.6.According to
Theory assembles the compound group formula for formulating production application, and its formula (g/t) is：Epsom salt 405.7g, four water nitric acid
Calcium 1246.4g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 175.8g, potassium sulfate 388.9g, chelated iron 38.5g, manganese sulfate monohydrate 6.2g, boric acid 3.4g,
Cupric sulfate pentahydrate 0.4g, sulfate dihydrate zinc 0.6g, ammonium molybdate 0.1g.Rear nutrient solution theory EC values are made into by above-claimed cpd ratio
For 1.7ms/cm, in 1-3 months the half-value dose of above-mentioned formula can be used to use at the beginning of field planting, as growth slowly brings up to one
Individual dosage is higher, is maintained within EC values 2.5.Optimal pH value is to keep 5.8-6.5 to be advisable in whole cultivation.
Embodiment 2
The umbrella-type steel paper mulberry aerial fog cultivation method of peach
Difference from Example 1 is the difference of nutrient solution prescription, the nutrient solution prescription of peach, according to the growth spy of peach
Property and production practices formulate the nutrient solution prescription of following suitable peach, its element it is theoretical as follows than with (ppm):N-P-K-Ca-
Mg-S-Cu-Zn-Mn-Fe-Mo-B=210-31-235-200-48-64-0.02-0.05-0.5-2.5-0.01-0.5.According to reason
The compound group for formulating production application by assembling formula, its formula (g/t) are：Four water-calcium nitrate 1106.5g, epsom salt
486.8g, potassium nitrate 591.5g, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 115.5g, chelated iron 19.2g, manganese sulfate monohydrate 1.54g, boric acid 2.86g, five
Brochanite 0.08g, Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate 0.025g, sulfate dihydrate zinc 0.15g.Assembled according to above-claimed cpd, its nutrient solution reason
It is 1.8ms/cm by concentration, seedling management is controlled between 0.8-1.2ms/cm, with Growth status and yielded positive results, nutrient solution
Range of management is controlled in 1.2-2.5ms/cm, and optimal pH range is controlled between 6.0-7.5 in whole cultivation.
Embodiment 3
The umbrella-type steel structure aerial fog cultivation method of grape
Part unlike the embodiments above, it is the nutrient solution prescription for being adapted to grape aerial fog cultivation, it is special according to grape growth
Property and production practices formulate following proprietary formula, be divided into florescence again because the different growth and development stage uptake characters of grape are different
In the past, three group of formula after blooming to fruit expanding period, fruit expanding period, trace element uses general formulation in following formulas.
(1) it is formulated before blooming.A great number of elements theory assembles (ppm)：N-P-K-Ca-Mg-S=114.9-25.0-170.8-
67.9-24.7-32.5.The compound formulas for formulating production application is assembled according to the element, its formula (g/t) is：Four water nitric acid
Calcium 387.2g, epsom salt 250.5g, potassium nitrate 438.8g, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 92.9g, chelated iron 19.2g, manganese sulfate monohydrate
1.54g, boric acid 2.86g, cupric sulfate pentahydrate 0.08g, Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate 0.025g, sulfate dihydrate zinc 0.15g.By above-claimed cpd
Assemble, its nutrient solution theoretical concentration is 0.9ms/cm, and pH value is controlled between 6-7.
(2) bloom to fruit expanding period formula.A great number of elements theory assembles (ppm)：N-P-K-Ca-Mg-S=110.2-
34.1-237.5-76.4-29.6-53.8.The compound formulas for formulating production application is assembled according to the element, it is formulated (g/t)
For：Four water-calcium nitrate 450.2g, epsom salt 300.2g, potassium nitrate 298.6g, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 126.7g, potassium sulfate
271.9g, chelated iron 19.2g, manganese sulfate monohydrate 1.54g, boric acid 2.86g, cupric sulfate pentahydrate 0.08g, Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate
0.025g, sulfate dihydrate zinc 0.15g.Assembled by above-claimed cpd, its nutrient solution theoretical concentration is 1.2ms/cm, and pH value control exists
Between 6-7.
(3) with master after fruit expanding period.A great number of elements theory assembles (ppm)：N-P-K-Ca-Mg-S=107.1-
41.0-276.3-67.9-27.6-60.3.The compound formulas for formulating production application is assembled according to the element, it is formulated (g/t)
For：Four water-calcium nitrate 400.1g, epsom salt 280.0g, potassium nitrate 430.5g, potassium sulfate 129.4g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate
180.2g, chelated iron 19.2g, manganese sulfate monohydrate 1.54g, boric acid 2.86g, cupric sulfate pentahydrate 0.08g, Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate
0.025g, sulfate dihydrate zinc 0.15g.Assembled by above-claimed cpd, its nutrient solution theoretical concentration is 1.2ms/cm, and pH value control exists
Between 6-7.
Claims (10)
1. the umbrella-type steel paper mulberry aerial fog cultivation method of fruit tree, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps：
Establish the umbrella-type steel structure structure of fruit tree；Build up root fog chamber；Progress nutrient solution feed flow basic to plant.
2. the umbrella-type steel paper mulberry aerial fog cultivation method of fruit tree according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, its specific steps includes following
Step：
A is according to kind of intending cultivating apple trees is different and the space size difference of cultivation area determines the deployment diameter of umbrella shape steel paper mulberry
With height, the steel paper mulberry quantity laid according to mu is come the diameter that determines spacing and often set and height；
B designs the umbrella shape steel paper mulberry construction drawing for meeting and drafting height and diameter, and is for data processing, sort out material category with
Length inventory；
C selection 20# or 25# galvanizings tubing is steel paper mulberry construction material, and material processing, material are carried out according to inventory using punch press
Error in length control is in 0.5-1 millimeter scopes, in terms of the hole middle-range of material；
The umbrella skeleton that d carries out steel paper mulberry according to construction drawing assembles, to making at steel paper mulberry stump at cement throwing jet after the completion of assembling
Reason, build up the root fog chamber for fruit tree field planting；
For e in laying waterproof cloth in root fog chamber and reserving nutrient solution refluxing opening in bottom, root fog chamber is the growing space of root zone of fruit tree,
Annular feed flow branch pipe is installed, and in, according to the uniform installation mist nozzle of 0.6 meter of spacing, passing through duct height and spray on feed flow branch pipe
Head angle adjustment is to reach the atomization uniformly effect without dead angle in root fog chamber；
Every plant of steel paper mulberry feed flow branch pipe is uniformly accessed into feed flow side pipe and supervisor by f, and sealing ring is used at every plant of steel paper mulberry return port
And clip is handled close ne-leakage connection is made between waterproof cloth and return duct, and return duct is uniformly accessed into, realizes nutrient solution
Feed flow and reflux cycle；
After g builds up the root fog chamber of steel paper mulberry pedestal, field planting plate is buckled above root fog chamber, and in the strain on field planting plate according to field planting
Number opens up corresponding field planting hole, and field planting bore open is generally 5-10 centimetres of diameter, is grown up with tree body and remake expanding treatment；
H chooses annual fruit nursery stock, first first makees appropriate root system pruning processing, cutting back 1/2-1/3 before field planting；
The fruit tree of i umbrella-type steel paper mulberries mist training method plantation, it is all using binding type moulding, i.e., all fruit tree branch grown are equal
Even bondage allows every position illumination on net network forming frame, allowing branch to make two dimensional surface formula elongation growth along steel paper mulberry curved surface rack
Uniformly, well-ventilated；
J is using steel paper mulberry as support frame, and overlay film is taken shelter from rain and linked network insect prevention at umbrella top；
K intervenes the fruit tree phenological period using nutrient solution heating or the method to cool, realizes shifting to an earlier date with delaying for fruit maturity period；
L aerosolization soilless cultures, when hillside orchard is developed, fixed point is built steel paper mulberry and laying pipeline and can cultivated, real
Existing environmental preservation type production；
M realizes the precision fertilizer of fruit tree by nutrient solution prescription adjustment, while also eliminates the fertilising of soil improvement tillage and weeding
Irrigate, realize that the laborsaving water-saving of fruit tree saves fertile zero-emission formula environmental preservation type production.
3. the umbrella-type steel paper mulberry aerial fog cultivation method of fruit tree according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The umbrella of the step a
Shape steel paper mulberry is hyperboloid triangular grid structure structure, and hyperboloid is made up of top-surface camber and lower surface camber, and top-surface camber diameter is big, for fruit tree
The plane bondage of branch during plant strain growth, the lower surface camber below hyperboloid eel-like figure are used for the construction of root fog chamber；
Make cement throwing jet processing at the steel paper mulberry stump of the step d, i.e., in first making iron wire on the steel structure triangular grid structure of pedestal layer
Net or the net material bag of shading screen class are tied up, and remake cement rendering or shotcreting process processing.
4. the umbrella-type steel paper mulberry aerial fog cultivation method of fruit tree according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Described in step d
The big plant fruit tree that root fog chamber is used for original soil cultivation turns to plant in the root system pretreatment link needed for aerial fog cultivation environment, urges root
When pearlite interstitial substance humidity keep 75-85%, air humidity almost keeps 100%, using spray pattern moisturizing, keeps leaf substantially
Piece does not fall leaf.
5. the umbrella-type steel paper mulberry aerial fog cultivation method of fruit tree according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Described in step i
Binding type moulding, the young sprout for exactly taking out hair are shown in that branch is tied up, and allow branch all to planarize uniform bondages on rack curved surface, that is, allowing branch
The tip makees two dimensional topology with curved surface, and it is tree-like to form flat shed frame type, allows the consistent well-ventilated of tree body illumination everywhere.
6. the umbrella-type steel paper mulberry aerial fog cultivation method of fruit tree according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The step j's covers
Film is taken shelter from rain and linked network insect prevention, refers to reach pol raising by taking shelter from rain, and the harm of insect pest and hummingbird to fruit is reduced by linked network,
Ripe preceding not medication is realized to ensure fruit safety.
7. the umbrella-type steel paper mulberry aerial fog cultivation method of fruit tree according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Battalion described in step k
Nutrient solution heats or cooling, wherein heating for early spring, is reactivated by heat treatment by root system worm to the greatest extent, similar to soil cultivation
Covering film heating shifts to an earlier date the effect in phenological period, is heated up to solution temperature to 18-21 DEG C；Cooling uses the side of nutrient solution refrigeration
Method, such as high temperature stress weather, 18-21 DEG C of section is cooled to by nutrient solution, Stoma of Leaves closes caused by solution root temperature is too high
The photosynthetic dormancy problem closed.
8. the umbrella-type steel paper mulberry aerial fog cultivation method of fruit tree according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Described in step l
The aerosolization soilless culture of fruit tree is that plant root is hung in air, toward spraying supply nutrition on root system by the way of atomizing
Liquid, allows root system to be in the most direct state of oxygen most adequate water nutrition supply, and usual plant growth rate will be faster than soil
3-5 times of cultivation, can reach the effect of fast-growing premature labor.
9. the umbrella-type steel paper mulberry aerial fog cultivation method of fruit tree according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The battalion of the step m
Nutrient solution formula, it is that the full price balance formulated according to different cultivars fertilizer different demands and different regions different quality situation is matched somebody with somebody
Side, because of the control accurate that growth and development of fruit tree different phase progress element ratio is matched somebody with somebody, fruit tree is allowed to be in optimal mineral element all the time
Supply condition；The farm works such as tillage and weeding fertilizer irrigation are also saved simultaneously, reach the effect of Labor-saving precision cultivation.
10. umbrella-type steel paper mulberry aerial fog cultivation method according to claim 9, it is characterised in that
The nutrient ppm ratios of the nutrient solution prescription are with as follows：
N:P:K:Ca:Mg:S:Cu:Zn:Mn:Fe:Mo:B=210:31:235:200:48:64:0.02:0.05:0.5:2.5:
0.01:0.5。
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| CN108401871A (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2018-08-17 | 李万芝 | A kind of aeroponic method of large cherry |
| CN108650920A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2018-10-16 | 丽水市农业科学研究院 | A kind of mountain of suitable arable farming insect prevention column mist of taking shelter from rain ploughs method |
| CN111771596A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2020-10-16 | 靖宇县顺兴生态农业有限公司 | Planting method of acanthopanax sessiliflorus |
| CN112624836A (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2021-04-09 | 丽水市农林科学研究院 | Glycine-containing aeroponics lettuce nutrient solution, nutrient supplement and preparation method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108401871A (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2018-08-17 | 李万芝 | A kind of aeroponic method of large cherry |
| CN108650920A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2018-10-16 | 丽水市农业科学研究院 | A kind of mountain of suitable arable farming insect prevention column mist of taking shelter from rain ploughs method |
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| CN112624836A (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2021-04-09 | 丽水市农林科学研究院 | Glycine-containing aeroponics lettuce nutrient solution, nutrient supplement and preparation method |
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