CN105009952A

CN105009952A - Method of top grafting for varietal change of Chinese chestnuts in winter

Info

Publication number: CN105009952A
Application number: CN201510511834.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 韦江南
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2015-08-20
Filing date: 2015-08-20
Publication date: 2015-11-04

Abstract

The invention discloses a method, namely the cleft graft, of top grafting for varietal change of Chinese chestnuts in winter. The method comprises the steps of stock cutting, wherein the stock cutting is conducted in December, the middle and straight portion of the stock is sawed off, and the middle of fractures are split through a grafting knife or a sharp stainless steel knife; spike cutting, wherein the portions 3-4 centimeters lower than spikes are cut into two horse-ear-shaped surfaces straightly, so that the spikes are in wedge shapes; grafting, wherein the spikes are inserted along the split fractured wooden layers, and bud eyes are exposed completely; binding and covering, wherein the closed portions are bound tightly, and then film covering and final-period management are conducted. By means of the method, the effective combination surface between the spikes and the wooden layers of the stock are enlarged, and rapid healing of grafting creases and nutrient conveying after grafting are facilitated; the conditions of brown change, bleeding exudation, high temperature and severe insect attack in spring are avoided, the problems of labor input and labor distribution with agriculture are relieved, and the cost of top grafting for varietal change is reduced; the survival rate of graft buds reaches over 85%, and the survival rate of buds in a conventional spring graft method is 70% generally; the method is feasible, the management after grafting is simple, the growth is fast after the grafting, the formation is early, the fruit bearing is early, generally blossom appears in the next year, high yield period appears after 4-5 years, the variety changing cost is saved, and the method is easy to popularize in production.

Description

A kind of method of Chinese chestnut high-grafting in winter

Technical field

The present invention relates to the grafting field of nonwood forest trees, more specifically relate to a kind of method of Chinese chestnut high-grafting in winter.

Background technology

Chinese chestnut is Fagaceae Castanea, originates in China, is distributed in Vietnam, Taiwan and CONTINENTAL AREA OF CHINA.Chinese chestnut is one of China's cultivation fruit tree the earliest, the cultivation history of about existing 2000 ~ 3000 years.At present, China's Chinese chestnut cultivated area about has 1,800 ten thousand mu, and being distributed widely in the whole nation has more than 20 province (district, city), mainly concentrates on the ground such as Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Anhui, Zhejiang, Liaoning, Guangxi, Beijing.Castanea mollissima Nut rich in nutrition content, wherein content of starch is close with the grain such as rice, flour, protein and flour are approximate and higher than sweet potato more than 1 times, fat higher than rice, 2 times of flour, amino acid content is higher 1.5 times than corn, flour, rice, vitamin C is higher 5 ~ 10 times than fruit such as apple, pears, peaches, and containing mineral matter elements such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, potassium.China is that Chinese chestnut produces and big export country, gross annual output amount is 580,000 tons, annual export volume is about 250,000 tons, domestic Chinese chestnut has that kind is excellent, look gorgeous taste is sweet, the puckery skin of nut is easily peeled off and is suitable for the unique shape such as processing and is valued by common people, be described as in the international market " oriental peral " or " Gan Li ", market prospects are very wide.But China's Chinese chestnut average yield per mu only about 46 kilograms, the main cause of Low-yielding Chinese Chestnut Plantations is that improved variety degree is low, and the chestnut wood of more than 70% is the non-breeding standing forest that grows directly from seeds.And high yield chestnut wood per mu yield Chinese chestnut can reach about 250 kilograms, the yield potential that low production forest is huge and benefit are not played, and therefore low production forest improvement is extremely urgent.High-grafting adopts grafting method to carry out kind change at the higher position of tree body, is that the most common a kind of reconfiguration of commodity trees changes kind of a mode, can quick change kind and improve output soon, become one of major measure that Low-yielding Chinese Chestnut Plantations woods transforms.But at present substantially in production adopt change hat technology spring, its survival rate and growth are all subject to the restriction of factors as (particularly bleeding), simultaneously more artificial and strive the problem of work with farming owing to needing to drop into, make the cost changing hat higher.

Summary of the invention

In order to overcome current high-grafting bleeding, go out the problems such as the tip is uneven, insect pest is serious, improve Castanea mollissima Top Budding and change kind of survival rate and storage rate, reduce cost of labor, we are according to Chinese chestnut growth developmental characteristic and climatic change characteristics, through repeatedly field trial, provide a kind of method-cleft grafting of Chinese chestnut high-grafting in winter.It is easy to operate, cost-saving, can prevent the disadvantage of spring grafting bleeding, avoids high temperature in spring, insect pest affects survival rate, upgrades aftershaping fast, and management is simple, is easy to promote the use of in large-scale production.

In order to achieve the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is:

A method for Chinese chestnut high-grafting in spring, comprises the following steps:

A: cut anvil: the time is December, position straight in the middle part of selected stock, sawed-off, rive at fracture middle grafting knife or sharp stainless steel knife, to rive section smoothly for degree, the degree of depth 3 ~ 4 cm;

B: cut fringe: 3 ~ 4 centimeters of places in scion lower end, both sides are whittled into two horse ear shape bevels straightly, make scion be timber wedge shape;

C: enter to connect: along riving section layer of wood, inserting scion, and eye is exposed;

D: binding and covering: tighten closed location, makes scion fix, then carries out adding film cover and final-period management.

Method of the present invention was carried out at cloudy day and fine day 5 ~ 20 DEG C.

The concrete steps of the method for a kind of Chinese chestnut of the present invention high-grafting in winter are as follows:

(1) grafting time: the grafting time of Chinese chestnut is selected when tree body activity dormancy.It is December in the Guangxi optimum time.Grafting should be carried out when cloudy day and fine day low temperature, the unsuitable grafting of rainy day, greasy weather and hot weather, otherwise impact is survived;

(2) Root-stock selection: select forest land fertile, seeding row spacing is neat, the low production forest of medium density (every mu of 20 ~ 30 strains).The age of stand is no more than 30a, is advisable with 5 ~ 15a.The dry direct light of every strain Root-stock selection diameter 2 ~ 8cm is sliding, more smoothly locate grafting without the master of damage by disease and insect, robust growth, side shoot;

(3) scion collection: with before cloudy day or at 11 in fine day morning, at 5 in afternoon gathers later, be advisable with connecing with adopting, when gathering scion, gather from the middle and upper part of excellent elite stand that scion is sturdy, eye enrich full, without damage by disease and insect and abundant lignified annotinous branch.It is a little bundle that scion is tied up with every 50 ~ 100, and tying up with 10 little bundles is again one to prick greatly, from collection, colligation, is transported to the links such as keeping and all will notes avoiding scion damaged and dehydration;

(4) fringe bar storage: by the transparent film bundling of scion good for colligation, according to the thickness of film, determine the number of plies of wrapping up, plastic sheeting for farm use is thicker, wrapping one deck; What plastic sheeting for farm use was thinner will wrap up 2-3 layers.And be seated in shady and cool place;

(5) anvil is cut: cut selected comparatively straight position before anvil, first block and equating section with wood saw, rear grafting knife or sharp stainless steel knife, cutter is rived at selected section position one, with section smoothly for degree, the degree of depth 3 ~ 4 cm, it is level and smooth to cut mouth requirement;

(6) select fringe and cut fringe: selecting more sturdy, that eye is full scion.Reserve and cut mouth place, top retains 2 ~ 4 full eyes, cuts off and retains eye top excess portion branched ear; Cut down 3 ~ 4 centimeters of places of mouth place upper, both sides are whittled into two horse ear shape bevels straightly, make scion be timber wedge shape;

(7) enter to connect: insert scion, scion xylem and anvil layer of wood are close to, and scion wound exposes 0.5 centimeter, interface, temporarily fixes and eye is all exposed, to bundle with hand; Same stock grafting section is according to large I grafting 1 ~ 4 scion;

(8) binding and covering: the 0.015mm grafting membrane got ready in advance and 0.04mm agricultural film cover carry out bundling and covering.First by grafting part tighten from bottom to top during colligation, note eye is exposed, scion xylem is aimed at stock layer of wood.Finally add film cover up, the two ends up and down of cover bind with band, make for eye leaves suitable space in cover, and can seal maintenance humidity;

(9) managing after grafting

A. cover is separated

Arrive when spring, when temperature raises, can cover be separated.Separate cover to be preferably selected in the cloudy day and to carry out or carry out in the morning and evening of fine day;

B. solution is tied up

Scion survives rear solution film and divides and carry out for 2 times, and first time, remove the plastic foil being tightly wound around scion base portion, all the other positions wouldn't be removed, and are beneficial to wound healing when young sprout grows to about 30CM.Second time separates film after the basic lignification of callus, is cut off by plastic tape with scraper;

C. pinching

Carry out pinching when young sprout grows to 30 ㎝ ~ 50 ㎝, promote sprouting of lateral bud.Second time pinching is carried out when Secondary Branch grows to 50 cm after sprouting of lateral bud.According to the side shoot needing reservation suitable position of appearance, be trained fruit-bearing shoot cluster, amputate overstocked side shoot;

D. except shady

To erase in time sprout tillers on stock, in order to avoid nutrient is fought in sprout tillers and scion, affect rudiment and the growth of scion.Generally will 3 ~ 4 times be carried out, preferably with sending out with removing except sprouting.But bald part long on trunk and major branch, suitably can retain the coppice shoot that some growths are more weak, to cover trunk by harm of burning day, and manufacture assimilation nutrient, nutrition tree body;

E. main diseases and insect pests control

After grafting, graft growth children is tender, and be easy to by harm such as chestnut gall wasp, batocera horsfieldi, red waist clearwing moth, chestnut weevil and dichocrocis punctiferalis silkworms, a situation arises should to note insect pest situation at any time, carries out medical treatment in time.Chinese chestnut prevention and controls is mainly see Chinese chestnut cultivation production technology regulation (DB45/ T168-2004);

F. Forest field management

Because Chinese chestnut grafting woods is all select tree, fruits growing in clusters, very large to nutrient consumption, so earth rich water quality management on forest land must be strengthened, and the work such as carry out cultivating multiple, weeding and topdress, the demand that satisfied tree is recuperated point, otherwise decaying ahead of time of grafting woods can be caused.Strengthen silviculture and management, strengthen tree vigo(u)r, destroy and worsen existence and the harm environment of insect; Remove and reduce sick branch by pruning and cross weak branch, eliminating the insect that survives the winter; Advocate and adopt biological control, Protect natural enemies.

The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages and effect:

Scion and the effective faying face of stock layer of wood greatly, are conducive to grafting rear port quickly-healing and nutrient conveying; Avoid and change hat bleeding, high temperature, insect pest serious situation spring, slow down labour and drop into and strive the problem of work with farming, reduce height and connect the cost changing hat; Grafting bud survival rate is high, reaches more than 85%, and conventional spring grafting method bud survival rate is generally about 70%; Easy to implement the method, connect rear management simple, after grafting, growth is fast, is shaped early, and result early, bloom, and 4 ~ 5 years start to enter high yield period by general next year, and saving product make this into, are easy to promote aborning.

Embodiment

Be intended to further illustrate the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment, and unrestricted the present invention.

Embodiment:

A, scion choosing are adopted: improve the breed needed for selection, gather from the middle and upper part of excellent elite stand sturdy, eye enrich full, without damage by disease and insect and abundant lignified annotinous branch.From collection, colligation, be transported to the links such as keeping and all will note avoiding scion damaged and dehydration;

B, cladus are cut and are cut: select the scion more sturdy, eye is full.Reserve and cut mouth place, top retains 2 ~ 4 full eyes, cuts off and retains eye top excess portion branched ear; Cut down 3 ~ 4 centimeters of places of mouth place upper, both sides are whittled into two horse ear shape bevels straightly, make scion be timber wedge shape;

C, stock are cut and are cut: cut selected comparatively straight position before anvil, first block and equating section with wood saw, rear grafting knife or sharp stainless steel knife, at selected section position one, cutter is rived, with section smoothly for degree, and the degree of depth 3 ~ 4 cm, it is level and smooth to cut mouth requirement;

D, enter to connect: raise stock cortex, embed scion, make scion xylem and stock form laminating and close, scion wound exposes 0.5 centimeter, interface, temporarily fix with hand and make blade, axillalry bud exposes, to bundle;

F, binding and covering: the 0.015mm grafting membrane got ready in advance and 0.04mm agricultural film cover carry out bundling and covering.First by grafting part tighten from bottom to top during colligation, note eye is exposed, scion xylem is aimed at stock layer of wood.Finally add film cover up, the two ends up and down of cover bind with band, make for eye leaves suitable space in cover, and can seal maintenance humidity;

G, solution cover: arrive when spring, when temperature raises, can cover be separated.Separate cover to be preferably selected in the cloudy day and to carry out or carry out in the morning and evening of fine day;

H, solution are tied up: scion survives rear solution film and divides and carry out for 2 times, and first time, remove the plastic foil being tightly wound around scion base portion, all the other positions wouldn't be removed, and are beneficial to wound healing when young sprout grows to about 30CM.Second time separates film after the basic lignification of callus, is cut off by plastic tape with scraper;

I, pinching: carry out pinching when young sprout grows to 30 ㎝ ~ 50 ㎝, promote sprouting of lateral bud.Second time pinching is carried out when Secondary Branch grows to 50 cm after sprouting of lateral bud.According to the side shoot needing reservation suitable position of appearance, be trained fruit-bearing shoot cluster, amputate overstocked side shoot;

J, except sprouting: sprout tillers on stock of erasing in time, in order to avoid nutrient is fought in sprout tillers and scion, affects rudiment and the growth of scion.Generally will 3 ~ 4 times be carried out, preferably with sending out with removing except sprouting.But bald part long on trunk and major branch, suitably can retain the coppice shoot that some growths are more weak, to cover trunk by harm of burning day, and manufacture assimilation nutrient, nutrition tree body;

K, final-period management: prevent branch from being broken by wind, to medical treatments such as chestnut gall wasp, and strengthen forest land cleaning and rich water etc.

Claims

1. a method for Chinese chestnut high-grafting in winter, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:

C: enter to connect: along riving section layer of wood, inserting scion, and eye is all exposed;

D: binding covering: tighten closed location, makes scion fix, then carries out adding film cover and final-period management.

2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, carry out at cloudy day and fine day 5 ~ 15 DEG C.

3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, position diameter straight in the middle part of described stock is at 2 ~ 8 cm.

4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described scion is the branch fringe leaving 2 ~ 4 full eyes.