CN103202182A - High-scion and head-changing grafting method of carya illinoensis - Google Patents
High-scion and head-changing grafting method of carya illinoensis Download PDFInfo
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- CN103202182A CN103202182A CN2013101662160A CN201310166216A CN103202182A CN 103202182 A CN103202182 A CN 103202182A CN 2013101662160 A CN2013101662160 A CN 2013101662160A CN 201310166216 A CN201310166216 A CN 201310166216A CN 103202182 A CN103202182 A CN 103202182A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of fruit tree and forest tree breeding and specifically relates to a high-scion and head-changing grafting method of carya illinoensis. The high-scion and head-changing grafting method of carya illinoensis comprises the following steps of: before sprouting of carya illinoensis in spring, keeping the trunk by about 1 m away from the ground surface and sawing off the part thereabove to form a stumping cut, and then downwards cutting open at the (symmetrical) edges of the two sides of the stumping cut by using a grafting knife, thereby forming two cuts which are 3cm long and have width determined according to the thickness of the scion, and then grafting; next, bounding with a plastic film, binding the graft with a kraft bag, wherein the diameter of the kraft bag is determined by the thickness of the stock, sawdust is filled in the kraft bag to be higher than the scion, and the humidity of the sawdust is 70%; and then tightening the upper opening of the kraft bag; and finally, covering the kraft bag with a plastic bag; one month later, removing the plastic bag is removed and tearing off the kraft bag. With the method, the high-scion grafting survival rate of carya illinoensis is higher than 98%; therefore, the high-scion grafting survival rate of carya illinoensis is effectively realized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree and forest genetics field, relate to a kind of grafting method of apocarya grafting high and changing head particularly.
Background technology
Apocarya has another name called pecan tree, is a kind in Juglandaceae, the hickory.Originating in the U.S. and Mexico, is in the world one of important oil plant dry fruit tree variety, and the thin easy stripping of its shell, kernel plumpness, flavor are fragrant good to eat, have higher nutritive value.Perfectly straight, the tree-like grace of trunk, well established and vigorously developing is to turn the four sides green and the fine tree species of ornamental plantation.The tough and tensile densification of timber simultaneously, heartwood is dark red, sapwood is yellowish-white, full of elasticity, not yielding and cracking, is good commerical tree species such as building, noble furniture.Therefore, apocarya is one purposes is wide, the benefit period is long, economic benefit is high, social benefit and the tangible good economic tree of ecological benefits.
Apocarya was introduced China in 1900, the history in existing 113 years so far, though through several generations' unremitting effort, the still standing forest of none sheet standard and the orchard of a stable and high yields, let alone scale and industrialization at present.The roasted seeds and nuts " green fruit " that existing market is sold, " long-lived fruit " are all from U.S.'s import.This situation why occurs, many masters, odjective cause are arranged.The virgin phase of apocarya is very long, generally needs just can bear fruit in 15 years, and the seed selection kind cycle is longer, therefore, lacks the improved seeds that are fit to the various places cultivation.In addition, for the orchard of some agings, because the virgin phase of apocarya is oversize, kind is upgraded slowly, has slackened orchard worker's enthusiasm to a great extent.In order to accelerate the process of apocarya breed breeding, shortening the juvenile phase, the result promotes industrialization as early as possible, and the upgrading in time of aging orchard, just must solve the apocarya high jointing head converting technology.
Grafting refers to the bud of plant improved seeds and branch are transferred on the stem and root of another plant body, and makes it to heal and form the technology of new independent plant, be horticultural crop grow seedlings and production process in a kind of technology of extensive use.The Biological Principles of grafting survival is the surface of anvil fringe bevel, formed the barrier film of one deck brown by the residue of dead cell, because of the effect of callus, make the cell division of wound circumference afterwards, cambial cell is active, break through barrier film and form callus, callus cell further breaks up, and inwardly forms new xylem, outwards forms new phloem, anvil fringe xylem vessel and phloem sieve tube separately linked up, make conducting tissue UNICOM.Link to each other with both cork cells along with the new cork cell in outside forms, final healing becomes a new plant.
High jointing head converting technology is one of technology of using always during at present old orchard is upgraded, not only is conducive to the update of improved seeds, accelerates the generation in renewal step in existing old orchard, the purpose of reach precocity fruiting, early getting bumper crops.This technology has obtained application in fruit tree species such as apple, pears, kiwi fruit at present, has obtained effect significantly.The apocarya grafting high and changing head adopts conventional scion grafting in spring and the method for summer budding.Because what stock adopted is perennial apocarya trunk, has a strong impact on the healing of anvil fringe, adopt existing method graft survival rate extremely low, only be about 10%.Therefore, how improving apocarya grafting high and changing head graft survival rate is this area problem anxious to be solved.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiencies in the prior art, solve the low problem of apocarya grafting high and changing head graft survival rate, a kind of grafting method of apocarya grafting high and changing head is provided.
Purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of grafting method of apocarya grafting high and changing head is characterized in that comprising following operating procedure:
(1) stock is handled
Before the apocarya rudiment in spring, keep trunk according to ground 1m about, and the part more than it amputated, form " stump " otch, use the scion grafting cutter to cut in the edge of " stump " otch both sides symmetry then downwards, form two otch, length 3cm, width is decided on the scion rugosity;
(2) scion is prepared
In the apocarya improved seeds, choose the full branch of bud, a cutter is respectively cut in the branch both sides, form double wedge, get paraffin, rosin is put into pot according to the mass ratio of 2:1, temperature control at 100-120 ℃, is dipped in wax 1-2s with forming the relative other end (not forming an end of double wedge) of double wedge, fast in order to avoid scald scion.
(3) grafting
The stock incision is vertically inserted in the scion of handling well (forming an end of double wedge), from bottom to up bondage is carried out in two scion with plastic foil.After the plastic foil bondage, transferring interface bondage kraft paper bag, the rugosity of neglecting stock greatly of paper bag and deciding, for 2-5 times of stock, adorn wood sawdust in the paper bag, highly be higher than scion, then paper bag bundle suitable for reading is advanced, wrap up with plastic sack in the paper bag outside at last, not only can prevent the evaporation of wood sawdust humidity, can prevent from simultaneously raining and drench paper bag.
The grafting method of described apocarya grafting high and changing head also comprises step (4) managing after grafting:
Bud picking: in time erase the bud of sprouting on the trunk after the grafting, prevent and scion competition nutrition;
In time remove plastic sack and paper bag: grafting was in time removed plastic sack after 1 month, and kraft paper bag is torn or removed;
Column is windproof: column when scion is newly grown to 10cm slightly;
The extermination of disease and insect pest: August the grafting vigorous period, in conjunction with spray leaf fertilizer, select that 1500 times of liquid of 50% Aphox wetting powder are anti-to eliminate aphis for use, every mu is used 200 grams;
Rich water quality management: the grafting experienced seedling that in good time ventilates in the canopy, water according to soil moisture content, spray 2 times～3 times concentration vegetative period and be 0.3%～0.5% urea and carry out top dressing, and bud picking in time.
Wherein, the humidity of wood sawdust that kraft paper bag is adorned is 50-80%, preferred 70%.
The size of kraft paper bag diameter is 2-5 times of diameter of stock.
Described plastic foil is preferably agricultural long-acting fog-free film.
The beneficial effect of the relative prior art of the present invention is:
The apocarya grafting high and changing head is extremely low according to the conventional method survival rate, the present invention utilizes and adopts the method grafting of cortex grafting to perennial trunk the apocarya improved seeds scion of life in 1 year, through cultivation in 1 year, can grow into healthy and strong improved seeds grafting.Influence the factor of this anvil of apocarya graft survival rate, except apocarya form that layer is thinner, medulla is big and tannin content high, also be how to regulate external environment condition, ensure the vitality of scion, with the formation that promotes callus and the subsequent growth of tree body.Because what stock adopted is perennial apocarya trunk, have a strong impact on the healing of anvil fringe, adopt existing method poor effect, the present invention has adopted the management method after rational grafting and the grafting, make scion can possess best vitality, thus the grafting effect that obtains.The present application people draws according to the experiment of practical operation for many years: the stock incision is vertically inserted in the scion of handling well, from bottom to up bondage is carried out in two scion with agricultural long-acting fog-free film.After the plastic foil bondage, the bondage kraft paper bag, the rugosity of neglecting stock greatly of kraft paper bag and deciding, adorn wood sawdust in the paper bag, wood sawdust humidity is 50%-80%, preferred 70%, then paper bag bundle suitable for reading is advanced, wrap up with plastic sack in the paper bag outside at last, not only can prevent the evaporation of wood sawdust humidity, can prevent from simultaneously raining and drench paper bag.Utilize this method to have created favourable humidity, temperature and dark condition for the grafting mouth, and avoid the influence of extraneous bad weather environment, the good permeability of while wood sawdust, favourable guarantee scion vitality, promote anvil fringe contact-making surface to form callus as early as possible, promoted graft survival rate greatly.
This invention can make high apocarya height connect graft survival rate to reach 98%, effectively solved the problem that the apocarya height connects graft survival rate.The successful test of this method is for the process of accelerating the apocarya breed breeding from now on, and shortening the juvenile phase, the result promote industrialization, and upgrading in time of aging orchard becomes possibility as early as possible.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
(1) grafting high and changing head grafting method of the present invention:
Stock is handled
Before apocarya rudiment in spring, keep trunk according to ground 1m about, and the part more than it amputated, form " stump " otch, use the scion grafting cutter to cut at the edge of " stump " otch both sides (symmetry) then downwards, form two otch, length 3cm, width is decided on the scion rugosity;
Scion is prepared
In the apocarya improved seeds, choose the full branch of bud, a cutter is respectively cut in the branch both sides, form double wedge, get paraffin, rosin is put into pot according to the mass ratio of 2:1, temperature control at 100-120 ℃, is dipped in wax 1-2s with the other end (not forming an end of double wedge) relative with forming double wedge, fast in order to avoid scald scion.
Grafting
The stock incision is vertically inserted in the scion of handling well (forming an end of double wedge), from bottom to up bondage is carried out in two scion with agricultural long-acting fog-free film.After the plastic foil bondage, the bondage kraft paper bag, the rugosity of neglecting stock greatly of kraft paper bag and deciding, be the 2-5 of diameter of stock doubly, adorn wood sawdust in the paper bag, highly be higher than scion, wood sawdust humidity is 70%, then paper bag bundle suitable for reading is advanced, and wraps up with plastic sack in the paper bag outside at last, not only can prevent the evaporation of wood sawdust humidity, can prevent from simultaneously raining and drench paper bag.
Managing after grafting
Bud picking: in time erase the bud of sprouting on the trunk after the grafting, prevent and scion competition nutrition;
In time remove plastic sack and paper bag: grafting was in time removed the particle bag after 1 month, and paper bag is torn or removed.
Column is windproof: column when scion is newly grown to 10cm slightly;
The extermination of disease and insect pest: August the grafting vigorous period, in conjunction with spray leaf fertilizer, select that 1500 times of liquid of 50% Aphox wetting powder are anti-to eliminate aphis for use, every mu is used 200 grams.
Rich water quality management: the grafting experienced seedling that in good time ventilates in the canopy, water according to soil moisture content, spray 2 times～3 times concentration vegetative period and be 0.3%～0.5% urea and carry out top dressing, and bud picking in time.
(2) the conventional skin grafting method of inserting:
Stock is handled
Before apocarya rudiment in spring, keep trunk according to ground 1m about, and the part more than it amputated, form " stump " otch, use the scion grafting cutter to cut at the edge of " stump " otch both sides (symmetry) then downwards, form two otch, length 3cm, width is decided on the scion rugosity;
Scion is prepared
In the apocarya improved seeds, choose the full branch of bud, a cutter is respectively cut in the branch both sides, form double wedge, get paraffin, rosin is put into pot according to the mass ratio of 2:1, temperature control at 100-120 ℃, is dipped in wax 1-2s with the other end relative with forming double wedge, fast in order to avoid scald scion.
Grafting
The stock incision is vertically inserted in the scion of handling well, from bottom to up bondage is carried out in two scion with plastic film.
Managing after grafting
Bud picking: in time erase the bud of sprouting on the trunk after the grafting, prevent and scion competition nutrition;
Column is windproof: column when scion is newly grown to 10cm slightly;
The extermination of disease and insect pest: August the grafting vigorous period, in conjunction with spray leaf fertilizer, select that 1500 times of liquid of 50% Aphox wetting powder are anti-to eliminate aphis for use, every mu is used 200 grams.
Rich water quality management: the grafting experienced seedling that in good time ventilates in the canopy, water according to soil moisture content, spray 2 times～3 times concentration vegetative period and be 0.3%～0.5% urea and carry out top dressing, and bud picking in time.
(3) summer budding method
Scion is prepared
Grafting period is to arrive by the end of August annual mid-July, and the growth of apocarya stock and scion during this period of time is vigorous, and xylem and phloem are peeled off easily, and intercepting is buddered easily.Choose the branch that improved seeds life in 1 year reaches semi-lignified, after cutting, remove blade, keep petiole.The bud section is the stage casing bud.Existing usefulness is preferably now adopted in scion, notes preserving moisture.
Graft technology
The ripe bud sheet of selecting the growth of scion middle part to enrich,, forms the rectangle bulk and budders then in each the vertical partial application of last lower cut both sides up and down apart from each the horizontal partial application of bud 0.5-0.8cm place at the bud sheet.At perennial apocarya trunk 1m place overhead, choose each the horizontal partial application up and down of smooth position, reach xylem deeply, length with budder identical; Vertical partial application tears phloem off in the stock both sides, puts into and budders, and the side cortex of buddering is alignd with stock interface one side cortex.Plastic strip with 1cm is tightly wrapped up, and making budders connects airtight with stock, exposes sprout and petiole.Can stay one " dewatering outlet " in the lower right corner of otch, be beneficial to draining.
Managing after grafting
After the grafting 1 month, observe graft survival rate, and amputate the grafting mouth with top, promote to budder sprouting.Note in time removing the plastic strip of bondage simultaneously.
Above-mentioned three kinds of grafting method graft survival rates are as shown in table 1:
Table 1
| Grafting method | The grafting number | Graft survival rate |
| Grafting method of the present invention | 100 strains | 98% |
| The conventional skin grafting method of inserting | 100 strains | 10％ |
| Summer budding | 100 strains | 8% |
Though, above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments, but on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, or the enforcement of the seeds outside case study on implementation this method, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these that make are without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention revised, and the expansion of improvement or scope all belongs to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the grafting method of an apocarya grafting high and changing head is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) stock is handled
Apocarya is before the rudiment in spring, and the reservation trunk is 0.8 ?1.2m apart from ground, and it is amputated with top, form " stump " otch, cut downwards in the edge of " stump " otch both sides symmetry then, form two otch, length 3cm, width is decided on the scion rugosity;
(2) scion is prepared
In the apocarya improved seeds, choose the full annotinous branch of bud, a cutter is respectively cut in the branch both sides, form double wedge, get paraffin, rosin is put into pot according to the mass ratio of 2:1, with temperature control 100 ?120 ℃, with form the relative other end of double wedge dip in fast wax 1 ?2s, in order to avoid scald scion;
(3) grafting
The stock incision is vertically inserted in the scion of handling well, from bottom to up bondage is carried out in two scion with plastic foil, then, transferring interface bondage kraft paper bag, the rugosity of neglecting stock greatly of paper bag and deciding is adorned wood sawdust in the paper bag, the height of kraft paper bag and the wood sawdust adorned all is higher than scion, paper bag bundle suitable for reading is advanced, wrap up with plastic sack in the paper bag outside at last.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the grafting method of described apocarya grafting high and changing head also comprises step (4) managing after grafting:
Bud picking: in time erase the bud of sprouting on the trunk after the grafting, prevent and scion competition nutrition;
In time remove plastic sack and paper bag: grafting was in time removed the particle bag after 1 month, and kraft paper bag is torn or removed;
Column is windproof: column when scion is newly grown to 10cm slightly;
The extermination of disease and insect pest: August the grafting vigorous period, in conjunction with spray leaf fertilizer, select that 1500 times of liquid of 50% Aphox wetting powder are anti-to eliminate aphis for use, every mu is used 200 grams;
Rich water quality management: the grafting experienced seedling that in good time ventilates in the canopy, water according to soil moisture content, spray 2 times～3 times concentration vegetative period and be 0.3%～0.5% urea and carry out top dressing, and bud picking in time.
3. method according to claim 1, the humidity that it is characterized in that wood sawdust that kraft paper bag is adorned be 50 ?80%.
4. method according to claim 3, the humidity that it is characterized in that wood sawdust that kraft paper bag is adorned is 70%.
5. method according to claim 1, the size that it is characterized in that the kraft paper bag diameter be diameter of stock 2 ?5 times.
6. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described plastic foil is agricultural long-acting fog-free film.
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| CN106718093B (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2020-05-26 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Mountain grafting method and mountain cultivation method of apocarya |
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| CN107242033A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-10-13 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | A kind of method of the quick propagation by grafiting of apocarya |
| CN108684355A (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-10-23 | 凉山彝族自治州亚热带作物研究所 | A kind of walnut improved combination engrafting method |
| CN108812195A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2018-11-16 | 深圳文科园林股份有限公司 | A kind of Bermuda grass planting matrix |
| CN111183841A (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-05-22 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | High grafting and replanting method for updating variety of apocarya |
| CN113475304A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-10-08 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Single-trunk three-main-branch open-core type tree form of apocarya and shaping and trimming method thereof |
| CN114258812A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-04-01 | 全椒县绿兴园生态农业发展有限公司 | Stumping and rejuvenating technology for apocarya |
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