CN105409702A

CN105409702A - Idesia polycarpa bud grafting method

Info

Publication number: CN105409702A
Application number: CN201510995661.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 罗建勋; 辜云杰; 刘芙蓉
Original assignee: RESEARCH INST OF FORESTRY SCIENCE SICHUAN PROV
Current assignee: RESEARCH INST OF FORESTRY SCIENCE SICHUAN PROV
Priority date: 2015-12-25
Filing date: 2015-12-25
Publication date: 2016-03-23

Abstract

The invention relates to an idesia polycarpa bud grafting method and belongs to the technical field of forestry. The idesia polycarpa bud grafting method comprises the following steps that firstly, a stock is cultured, wherein a sapling with the height being 50 cm or above and the ground diameter reaching 0.8-1.2 cm is selected as a stock sapling; secondly, a grafting period is selected, wherein the time when local rape flowers blossom at the proportion of 5%-8% serves as the grafting period; thirdly, a scion is collected, wherein an annual disease-and-pest-free branch with the thickness being 0.8-1.2 cm serves as a scion branch; fourthly, grafting is carried out, wherein the stock is cut off at the part away from the ground by 15-20 cm, a cut is formed in the part 8 cm below the stock cut-off section, a small wood part is reserved on a bud piece, the size of the bud piece is equal to that of the cut of the stock, the cut bud piece is quickly embedded into the cut of the stock, forming layers of the connectors of the cut bud piece and the cut of the stock are aligned, and the combined part is bound with a 0.03 mm plastic film strip. A waterproof kraft paper envelop of 20*10 cm can be further used for sleeving the upper end of the grafted sapling. The bud grafting method is easy to implement, and the average survival rate reaches 90%.

Description

A kind of idesia budding method

Technical field

The present invention relates to the grafting method of a kind of seeds, be specifically related to the budding method of a kind of idesia, belong to technical field of forestry.

Background technology

Idesia is the important woody oil tree species of China, its wild community in Chongqing, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Hunan, Hubei, the area such as Anhui all distribute more extensive.Tree-like tall and big, fruit is string-like, and after September maturation, color and luster is red gorgeous, output and oil content high.Its grease is higher containing the unsaturated fatty acid such as linoleic acid, linolenic acid, has prevention effect, can be used as edible oil or biodiesel, now listed in one of 10 kinds of Tree Species as Bio-energies with important value of exploiting and utilizing by country to hyperlipidemia and angiocardiopathy.

In production of forestry, output between the different individual plant of idesia and fruit properties differ greatly, and in production of forestry idesia nursery stock based on Seedling propagation, nursery stock also exists the problems such as large, the solid time limit of strain difference is inconsistent after being used for afforestation, and idesia cuttage seeding is difficult to take root, this greatly have impact on the economic benefit of idesia standing forest.

Summary of the invention

Object of the present invention, for the problem of existing idesia grafting, provides a kind of idesia budding method, and improve bud take, grafting seedling quality is good, within after grafting the 3rd year, bears fruit.

For achieving the above object, a kind of idesia budding method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:

(1) cultivate stock: March, adopt idesia select tree seed to carry out nursery, May transplants seedling, and seeding row spacing is 20*30cm, and during to fall foliage, rootstock seedling is up to more than 50cm, and leading thread reaches 0.8-1.2cm; Before Second Year grafting 1 week, the stock of nursery lot is watered;

(2) select grafting period: Second Year spring, during the ratio of the open 5%-8% of local rape flower, select this period as grafting period, select fine day to carry out bud grafting effect best;

(3) gather scion: select idesia select tree, gather the annual branch without damage by disease and insect before germinateing, rugosity 0.8-1.2cm; Scion is now adopted as far as possible and is now connect, if need long-distance transportation, then needs to adopt liver moss to cover, to keep branch moistening, avoids bud dehydration;

(4) grafting: in idesia nursery lot, first at anvil disconnected apart from 15-20cm place, ground, the oblique partial application of smooth place from top to down at 8cm place below disconnected anvil mouth, slightly be with xylem, cut sth. askew downwards in otch lower end again, remove stripping and slicing, stock forms an otch; The cutting of scion is identical with stock, chooses 1 bud full in the middle part of branch, the first tiltedly partial application downwards in bud bottom, then cuts knife-edge part from top to bottom on bud top, and two cuttves meet and take off bud sheet, and bud sheet is slightly with xylem, and its size is equal with stock otch; The bud sheet cut is embedded rapidly stock otch, the formation layer of both sides' interface is alignd, and adopts the plastic film strip of 0.03 millimeter to carry out colligation.

After colligation completes, then adopt the waterproof kraft paper enveloping sleeve of 20*10cm in grafting upper end, envelope open-ended, be conducive to preventing dew from soaking grafting mouth and playing insulation effect, the healing impelling stock Yu budder, improve graft survival rate.After grafting, bud picking carried out to grafting, benefit of lightening restrictions on connects, practice seedling and management of watering of topdressing, can further improve the survival rate of grafting and promote its growth:

(a) bud picking: water after bud grafting wound healing once, other rudiments of erasing at any time on stock, the growth of buddering only staying grafting to get on;

B () benefit of lightening restrictions on connects: grafting was lightened restrictions on to buddering after 10 days, and whether checking budders survives, and should carry out benefit in time connect the stock of not taking over a job;

C () practices seedling: after scion tender shoots grows to 2-3cm, kraft envelope is cut a little ventilating opening, make tender shoots start to adapt to extraneous natural environmental condition, when tender shoots grows to 5-8cm, kraft envelope is taken down completely, makes grafting adapt to outside climatic condition completely;

D () is topdressed and is watered: when the length of scion tender shoots young sprout be 10cm and above time carry out watering topdressing, the 5-6 month, the 7-8 month based on phosphorus potash fertilizer, and controlled liquid manure after autumn based on nitrogenous fertilizer, the young sprout lignification impelling sprout to sprout, to ensure nursery stock safe overwintering.

Compared with other grafting methods existing, budding method provided by the invention is simple to operate, and average survival reaches 90%, and general grafting method survival rate only about 50%.The merit that idesia bud grafting can make nursery stock effectively keep maternal, impels solid ahead of time, keeps the characteristic of high and stable yield.Idesia budding method only adopts a bud grafting one strain stock, can effectively save buddering of scion, economic utilization propagating materials, increase grafting nursery stock quantity.The method adopts waterproof kraft paper envelope to be lived by grafting mouth mask, effectively can avoid rain erosion and pollute grafting mouth, greatly improving graft survival rate.

Embodiment

On December 10th, 2011, gather 50, idesia select tree seed at Sichuan Guangyuan, carry out sand and hide; After taking out the wax coat on seed employing vegetation buck removal seed coat on March 10th, 2012, carry out nursery; Germinate 48.

On May 15th, 2012, transplant seedling by seeding row spacing 20*30cm and use as stock, during to fall foliage, have that 45 rootstock seedlings reach 52-120cm, leading thread reaches 0.8-1.2cm.

On March 2nd, 2013, idesia germinate before, the annual rugosity chosen on idesia select tree be 0.8-1.2cm without damage by disease and insect branch as scion, wait until grafting and sawed down again the same day; Meanwhile, nursery lot stock is watered; Select March 9 to be the grafting date, the mean temperature of local rape flower open three days 5%-8%, 6-8 days reaches 15 DEG C.In nursery lot, from distance ground 15-20cm by sawed-off for idesia rootstock seedling, below disconnected anvil mouth, the oblique partial application of smooth place from top to down at 8cm place, is slightly with xylem, then cuts sth. askew downwards in otch lower end, remove stripping and slicing, and stock forms an otch; The cutting of scion is identical with stock, and first in bottom tiltedly partial application downwards of buddering, then cut knife-edge part from top to bottom on bud top, two cuttves meet and take off bud sheet, and bud sheet is with a part of xylem, and its size is equal with stock otch; The bud sheet cut is embedded rapidly stock otch, the formation layer of both sides' interface is alignd, and adopt thickness to be that the plastic film strip of 0.03 millimeter carries out colligation, after colligation completes, adopt the waterproof kraft paper enveloping sleeve of 20*10cm in grafting upper end, envelope open-ended.

Water after bud grafting wound healing once, when on stock during other position rudiments, erase in time; Grafting was lightened restrictions on to buddering after 10 days, adopted to wherein 3 stocks of not taking over a job the smooth place of the bark grafting again used the same method below former grafting mouth.

Claims

1. an idesia budding method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

(2) grafting period is selected: Second Year spring, during the ratio of the open 5%-8% of local rape flower, will now as grafting period;

(3) gather scion: select idesia select tree, gather the annual branch without damage by disease and insect before germinateing, rugosity 0.8-1.2cm;

(4) grafting: in idesia nursery lot, first at anvil disconnected apart from 15-20cm place, ground, the oblique partial application of smooth place from top to down at 8cm place below disconnected anvil mouth, slightly be with xylem, cut sth. askew downwards in otch lower end again, remove stripping and slicing, stock forms an otch; The cutting of scion is identical with stock, chooses 1 bud full in the middle part of branch, the first tiltedly partial application downwards in bud bottom, then cuts knife-edge part from top to bottom on bud top, and two cuttves meet and take off bud sheet, and bud sheet is slightly with xylem, and its size is equal with stock otch; The bud sheet cut is embedded rapidly stock otch, the formation layer of both sides' interface is alignd, colligation is carried out to grafting mouth.

2. a kind of idesia budding method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (4), after completing the colligation of grafting mouth, adopts the waterproof kraft paper enveloping sleeve of 20*10cm in grafting upper end, envelope open-ended.