CN107027521B - Walnut hard branch square bud grafting seedling method - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a walnut hard branch square bud grafting seedling raising method, which can reduce grafting time, improve work efficiency, shorten seedling breeding period and enhance seedling commercialization. The walnut hard branch square bud grafting seedling raising method comprises the following steps: (1) collecting scions: collecting the upper half part of annual branches at the periphery of a crown and branches with fully mature buds; (2) and (3) processing and preserving scions: collecting scions of the grafted scions, bundling 30-50 scions into a bundle, and storing after tying the labels; (3) selecting the rootstock: selecting strong seedlings with the ground diameter of more than 0.8cm, no plant diseases and insect pests and strong growth for the stocks; (4) grafting the scion treated in the step (2) onto the rootstock in the step (3), wherein the grafting method is hardwood square bud grafting; (5) performing post-inoculation management; and the management after grafting comprises patch grafting, sprout removal, stock shearing, loose binding, fertilizer and water management and pest control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of economic forest cultivation, in particular to a walnut hard branch square bud grafting seedling method.
Background
Walnuts (Juglans) are trees of the genus Juglans of the family juglandaceae, deciduous trees, are important nuts and woody oil tree species, have high nutritional values and very high medical and health care effects, are distributed and cultivated in more than 50 countries and regions in five continents worldwide, and become important international trade goods. The walnut has the economic, ecological, social and cultural functions, can provide high-grade wood and various industrial raw materials, has become the backbone industry of rural economy in many areas in China, and plays more and more important roles in adjusting the agricultural industry structure, increasing the income of farmers, earning foreign exchange by exports, and ensuring the national grain and oil safety and ecological safety. The walnut cultivation history in China is long, and the traditional walnut orchard establishment basically establishes an orchard for seedlings, so that most orchards are late in result, low in yield and uneven in fruit quality, the economic benefit of walnut farmers in China is influenced, and the international market share of the walnut orchard is also seriously influenced as a traditional important export commodity in China.
Therefore, for many years, a great number of walnut grafting techniques have been explored and tested by many walnut technologists, and various grafting methods such as grafting and bud grafting, such as indoor grafting, outdoor bark-cutting and tongue-grafting, bark-cutting and double-tongue grafting, cutting grafting, seedling grafting, green branch grafting, "T" bud grafting, square bud grafting, "I" bud grafting, and the like, are researched. At present, the most common grafting method in walnut grafting is bud grafting, and square bud grafting is mostly used in the bud grafting method. The square budding method is characterized in that walnuts are sowed in the same year, after the seedlings grow for one year, 3-5 cm of stumps are left on the ground before the seedlings sprout in the second year, a strong bud is left after the buds sprout, and square budding is carried out when the growth thickness reaches more than 0.8cm in 5 months, so that the method is labor-consuming, time-consuming, low in work efficiency, slow in seedling growth, low in seedling grade, low in outplanting rate, poor in resistance and low in commercialization degree; meanwhile, because the walnut is rich in tannin, the method does not carry out 'water drainage' (tree sap such as tannin and the like overflows from a fracture or a wound when the rootstock is treated), and 'wound flow' can suffocate the respiration of cells of a grafting wound, so that callus is difficult to form, the cut is mildewed and rotten, and the grafting survival rate is seriously influenced. Therefore, a new walnut grafting method is urgently needed to be developed so as to shorten the grafting time and improve the work efficiency and the seedling quality.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the invention provides a novel walnut grafting seedling raising method, namely a hard branch square bud grafting seedling raising technology, aiming at solving the technical problems of no stumping, labor saving, quick seedling growth, high seedling quality and the like in the second year of walnut square bud grafting.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a walnut hard branch square bud grafting seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting scions: collecting the upper half part of annual branches at the periphery of a crown and branches with fully mature buds; the scion selects annual branches at the periphery of the crown, has the advantages of rich sources and no influence on the yield of walnuts in the next year; meanwhile, the annual branch has large growth potential and small accumulation of gum and tannin substances, and the survival rate of grafting is improved;
further, the mark of full maturity of the buds is that the buds turn milky from green, and the collection time is 4 months later;
(2) and (3) processing and preserving scions: collecting scions of the grafted scions, bundling 30-50 scions into a bundle, and storing after tying the labels;
furthermore, the label indicates the variety, quantity, source and collection time, which is beneficial to subsequent management and grafting;
further, the storage can be divided into refrigeration storage or indoor storage or outdoor storage;
the specific cold storage method comprises the steps of storing collected scions in a cold storage at the temperature of 0-5 ℃;
the specific indoor storage method comprises the steps of placing collected scions at the shady position in a room, covering with covers such as straw mat and the like, sprinkling water, and keeping humidity;
the specific method of outdoor storage is that the collected scions are stored in a leeward and cool place, covers such as straw mat and the like are covered, water is sprinkled, and humidity is kept;
the storage method is beneficial to reducing the respiration of the scion, reducing the nutrient consumption, avoiding the phenomena of sprouting, yellowing and browning of the skin color and even mildew and rot, and improving the quality of the scion.
(3) Selecting the rootstock: selecting strong seedlings with the ground diameter of more than 0.8cm, no plant diseases and insect pests and strong growth for the stocks;
(4) grafting the scion treated in the step (2) onto the rootstock in the step (3), wherein the grafting method is hardwood square bud grafting;
further, the grafting period is from 4 to 6 ten days of the last month; at the moment, the temperature rises, the walnut tree sprouts and grows, the bleeding is reduced, and the grafting survival rate is favorably improved;
further, the method for budding the hard branch square specifically comprises the following steps: selecting a smooth part 5-10 cm away from the ground when the nursery stock is grafted, transversely cutting the smooth part up and down by using a double-edged knife, vertically cutting the smooth part on the left side by using a knife with the length of 3-4 cm and the width of 2-3 cm, picking out the stock bark on the left side by using a knife tip, quickly taking down the cut scion, embedding the scion into the stock cut, aligning the upper side and the lower side, tearing the stock bark on the other side downwards according to the width of a bud sheet, leaving a water discharge hole with the length of 0.4-0.5 cm and the width of 0.1-0.2 cm, tightly winding and binding the scion by using a grafting film, and then leaving 2-3 compound leaves above the scion and shearing the sci;
the inventor unexpectedly discovers in practical research that the working efficiency is improved by reducing the steps of stumping and bud picking carried out before grafting by using a common square bud grafting method, meanwhile, the grafting time is advanced, the grafting time is prolonged, the grafting quantity is increased, and nutrient substances accumulated by the stock are not excessively consumed due to stumping and bud picking, so that the quality of grafted seedlings is remarkably improved, and the grafted seedlings are large in growth amount, high in first-grade seedlings, high in outplanting rate, high in lignification degree, and remarkably enhanced in cold resistance and disease resistance; meanwhile, in the grafting process, the stock cortex is torn downwards to form a water outlet, so that the wound can be effectively led out, and the wound can be prevented from affecting callus; meanwhile, the condition that the rootstock is easy to die due to the fact that water is discharged from the rootstock by a knife saw is also prevented; meanwhile, the water outlet is also beneficial to discharging rainwater after the rainwater invades, and the mildew and rot phenomenon is reduced.
(5) Performing post-inoculation management; and the management after grafting comprises patch grafting, sprout removal, stock shearing, loose binding, fertilizer and water management and pest control.
Further, the supplementary grafting is carried out 7-10 days after grafting, survival is checked, and timely supplementary grafting without survival is carried out;
the bud removing method specifically comprises the steps of completely removing buds sprouting on the rootstocks, wherein the bud removing process needs 3-5 times; promoting the growth of grafted seedlings;
the anvil shearing method specifically comprises the steps of when the buds grow to 5-10 cm, reserving 0.5-1 cm above the grafted buds for shearing; promoting the rapid growth of the scions;
the loose binding method comprises the steps of loosening a grafting film when buds grow to 10-20 cm, and removing the grafting film after callus of the grafted buds are completely healed;
the fertilizer and water management and the pest control are realized by not fertilizing and watering within two weeks after the grafting survives; when the young shoots of the scions grow to more than 20cm, topdressing needs to be carried out in time and in the growing period3 times, 1 st and 2 nd times in 6-7 months, and applying fertilizer with water or ditching on two sides of seedling row, wherein quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer (such as urea) is used as main material, and the fertilizer is applied every 666.7m2The fertilizer application amount is 10-15 kg, and the 3 rd time of applying the phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer in 8 months, every 666.7m2The fertilizer application amount is generally 40-50 kg; preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests in time.
Further, the scion variety is walnut in the shape of Xianglinghu; the stock variety is selected from the walnuts with the chicken feet;
the invention also discloses a walnut tree obtained by grafting the grafting method.
The walnut grafting and seedling raising method can reduce grafting time, improve work efficiency, shorten seedling breeding period and enhance seedling commercialization. Has the following advantages:
1. the workload of stumping and bud picking is reduced, the working efficiency is improved, and the cost is reduced.
2. The grafting time is advanced by 7-10 d, so that the grafting time is prolonged, and the grafting number is increased.
3. The grafted seedling stock is relatively straight, and the quality grade of the seedling is high.
4. The grafted seedling has large growth amount, more first-grade seedlings and high outplanting rate.
5. The seedling has long growth period and high lignification degree, and the cold resistance and the disease resistance are improved.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
As described in the background art, the grafting method which is most commonly used in walnut grafting in the prior art is bud grafting, and square bud grafting is used in the bud grafting method. The square budding method is characterized in that walnuts are sowed in the same year, after the seedlings grow for one year, 3-5 cm of stumps are left on the ground before the seedlings sprout in the second year, a strong bud is left after the buds sprout, and square budding is carried out when the growth thickness reaches more than 0.8cm in 5 months, so that the method is labor-consuming, time-consuming, low in work efficiency, slow in seedling growth, low in seedling grade, low in outplanting rate, poor in resistance and low in commercialization degree; meanwhile, because the walnut is rich in tannin, the method does not carry out 'water drainage' (tree sap such as tannin and the like overflows from a fracture or a wound when the rootstock is treated), and 'wound flow' can suffocate the respiration of cells of a grafting wound, so that calluses are difficult to form, the interface is mildewed and rotten, and the survival rate of the grafting is seriously influenced. In order to solve the problems, the application provides a walnut hard branch square bud grafting seedling method.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, a walnut hard branch square bud grafting seedling raising method is provided, which includes the following steps:
(1) collecting scions: collecting the upper half part of annual branches at the periphery of a crown and branches with fully mature buds; the scion selects annual branches at the periphery of the crown, has the advantages of rich sources and no influence on the yield of walnuts in the next year; meanwhile, the annual branch has large growth potential and small accumulation of gum and tannin substances, and the survival rate of grafting is improved;
wherein, the mark of the full maturity of the bud is that the bud turns milky white from green, and the collection time is 4 months later;
(2) and (3) processing and preserving scions: collecting scions of the grafted scions, bundling 30-50 scions into a bundle, and storing after tying the labels; the label indicates the variety, quantity, source and collection time, which is beneficial to subsequent management and grafting;
the storage can be divided into refrigeration storage or indoor storage or outdoor storage;
the specific cold storage method comprises the steps of storing collected scions in a cold storage at 0-5 ℃ for 2-3 days;
the specific indoor storage method comprises the steps of placing collected scions at the shady position in a room, covering with covers such as straw mat and the like, sprinkling water, keeping humidity and storing for 2-3 days;
the specific method of outdoor storage is that collected scions are stored in a leeward and cool place, covers such as straw mat are covered, water is sprinkled, humidity is kept, and the scions can be stored for 2-3 days;
the storage method is beneficial to reducing the respiration of the scion, reducing the nutrient consumption, avoiding the phenomena of sprouting, yellowing and browning of the skin color and even mildew and rot, and improving the quality of the scion.
(3) Selecting the rootstock: selecting strong seedlings with the ground diameter of more than 0.8cm, no plant diseases and insect pests and strong growth for the stocks;
(4) grafting the scion treated in the step (2) onto the rootstock in the step (3), wherein the grafting method is hardwood square bud grafting; wherein the grafting period is from 4 to 6 ten days of the last month; at the moment, the temperature rises, the walnut tree sprouts and grows, the bleeding is reduced, and the grafting survival rate is favorably improved;
the method for grafting the hard branch square buds specifically comprises the following steps: selecting a smooth part 5-10 cm away from the ground when the nursery stock is grafted, transversely cutting the smooth part up and down by using a double-edged knife, vertically cutting the smooth part on the left side by using a knife with the length of 3-4 cm and the width of 2-3 cm, picking out the stock bark on the left side by using a knife tip, quickly taking down the cut scion, embedding the scion into the stock cut, aligning the upper side and the lower side, tearing the stock bark on the other side downwards according to the width of a bud sheet, leaving a water discharge hole with the length of 0.4-0.5 cm and the width of 0.1-0.2 cm, tightly winding and binding the scion by using a grafting film, and then leaving 2-3 compound leaves above the scion and shearing the sci;
the inventor unexpectedly discovers in practical research that the working efficiency is improved by reducing the steps of stumping and bud picking carried out before grafting by using a common square bud grafting method, meanwhile, the grafting time is advanced, the grafting time is prolonged, the grafting quantity is increased, and nutrient substances accumulated by the stock are not excessively consumed due to stumping and bud picking, so that the quality of grafted seedlings is remarkably improved, and the grafted seedlings are large in growth amount, high in first-grade seedlings, high in outplanting rate, high in lignification degree, and remarkably enhanced in cold resistance and disease resistance; meanwhile, in the grafting process, the stock cortex is torn downwards to form a water outlet, so that the wound can be effectively led out, and the wound can be prevented from affecting callus; meanwhile, the condition that the rootstock is easy to die due to the fact that water is discharged from the rootstock by a knife saw is also prevented; meanwhile, the water outlet is also beneficial to discharging rainwater after the rainwater invades, and the mildew and rot phenomenon is reduced.
(5) Performing post-inoculation management; the management after grafting comprises patching, sprout removal, stock shearing, loose binding, fertilizer and water management and pest control;
the specific supplementary grafting method comprises the steps of detecting survival 7-10 days after grafting and timely supplementary grafting if the survival is not realized;
the bud removing method specifically comprises the steps of completely removing buds sprouting on the rootstocks, wherein the bud removing process needs 3-5 times; promoting the grafted seedlings to germinate and grow quickly;
the anvil shearing method specifically comprises the steps of when the buds grow to 5-10 cm, reserving 0.5-1 cm above the grafted buds for shearing; promoting the rapid growth of the scions;
the loose binding method comprises the steps of loosening a grafting film when buds grow to 10-20 cm, and removing the grafting film after callus of the grafted buds are completely healed;
the fertilizer and water management and the pest control are realized by not fertilizing and watering within two weeks after the grafting survives; when the young shoot of the scion grows to be more than 20cm, topdressing is carried out in time, topdressing is carried out for 3 times in the growth period, the 1 st time and the 2 nd time are carried out in 6-7 months, the scion can be flushed with water or applied in ditches at two sides of a seedling row, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer (such as urea and the like) is mainly used, and the amount of the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is reduced to 666.7m per scion2The fertilizer application amount is 10-15 kg, and the 3 rd time of applying the phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer in 8 months, every 666.7m2The fertilizer application amount is generally 40-50 kg; preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests in time.
Selecting walnut in Xianglinghu as the scion variety; the stock variety is selected from Cochlospermum chinense walnuts.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present application more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples and comparative examples.
Example 1
In 2013 and 2014, a walnut breeding garden is reserved in the Hongkiang area of Dayue in Taian city, Shandong, continuously for two years, Jinan Jizhuamian walnuts are used as rootstocks, Xianglingwalnut is used as scions, the test is carried out in the hard branch square bud grafting method in the second year after the walnut breeding garden is sown, the test area is 1.0 mu in 2013, and 3500 plants are grafted in total; 1.0 mu of test area in 2014, and 3300 plants are grafted in total; the specific experimental steps are as follows:
(1) collecting scions: collecting the upper half part of the annual branch at the periphery of the crown of the caryophyllus walnut and the branch with fully mature bud;
the full maturity of the buds is marked by the fact that the buds turn milky from green, and the collection time is 4 last ten days;
(2) and (3) processing and preserving scions: collecting grafted scions, bundling 50 scions into a bundle, and storing after tying the labels; the label indicates variety, quantity, source and acquisition time; storing the collected scions in a refrigeration house at 0-5 ℃ for 2-3 days;
(3) selecting the rootstock: selecting strong seedlings with the ground diameter of more than 0.8cm, no plant diseases and insect pests and strong growth for the stocks;
(4) grafting the scion treated in the step (2) onto the rootstock in the step (3), wherein the grafting method is hardwood square bud grafting; wherein the grafting period is 4 Laetia; the method for grafting the hard branch square buds specifically comprises the following steps: selecting a smooth part 5-10 cm away from the ground when the nursery stock is grafted, transversely cutting the smooth part up and down by using a double-edged knife, vertically cutting the smooth part on the left side by using a knife with the length of 3-4 cm and the width of 2-3 cm, picking out the stock bark on the left side by using a knife tip, quickly taking down the cut scion, embedding the scion into the stock cut, aligning the upper side and the lower side, tearing the stock bark on the other side downwards according to the width of a bud sheet, leaving a water discharge hole with the length of 0.4-0.5 cm and the width of 0.1-0.2 cm, tightly winding and binding the scion by using a grafting film, and then leaving 2-3 compound leaves above the scion and shearing the sci;
(5) performing post-inoculation management; the management after grafting comprises patching, sprout removal, stock shearing, loose binding, fertilizer and water management and pest control;
the specific supplementary grafting method comprises the steps of detecting survival 7-10 days after grafting and timely supplementary grafting if the survival is not realized;
the bud removing method specifically comprises the steps of completely removing buds sprouting on the rootstocks, wherein the bud removing process needs 3-5 times; promoting the grafted seedlings to germinate and grow quickly;
the anvil shearing method specifically comprises the steps of when the buds grow to 5-10 cm, reserving 0.5-1 cm above the grafted buds for shearing; promoting the rapid growth of the scions;
the loose binding method comprises the steps of loosening a grafting film when buds grow to 10-20 cm, and removing the grafting film after callus of the grafted buds are completely healed;
the fertilizer and water management and the pest control are realized by not fertilizing and watering within two weeks after the grafting survives; when the young shoot of the scion grows to be more than 20cm, topdressing is carried out in time, topdressing is carried out for 3 times in the growth period, the 1 st time and the 2 nd time are carried out in 6-7 months, the scion can be flushed with water or applied in ditches at two sides of a seedling row, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer (such as urea and the like) is mainly used, and the amount of the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is reduced to 666.7m per scion2The fertilizer application amount is 10-15 kg, and the 3 rd time of applying the phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer in 8 months, every 666.7m2The fertilizer application amount is generally 40-50 kg; preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests in time.
Comparative example 1
The method was as in example 1, except that stumping was performed 15 days before grafting and conventional square bud grafting was used.
As a result: the survival rate of 3251 plants grafted and survived in 2013 in example 1 is 92.89%, and the survival rate of 3326 plants grafted and survived in comparative example 1 is 92.39%; the survival rate of 3012 plants grafted in 2014 is 91.27% in example 1, the survival rate of 3121 plants grafted in comparative example 1 is 91.79%, and the difference of the survival rate of grafting is not obvious.
Randomly spot-checking 200 grafted survival seedlings in example 1 and comparative example 1, investigating the height and the ground diameter of the seedlings, and calculating an average value. The average height of the nursery stocks in example 1 is 110.25cm, the average ground diameter is 1.22cm, the average height of the nursery stocks in comparative example 1 is 123.56cm, and the average ground diameter is 1.31 cm. In example 1, the height and the ground diameter of the nursery stock are 12.1 percent and 7.4 percent higher than those of the nursery stock in the comparative example 1 respectively, and the difference is obvious.
The seedling grades were investigated for all the grafted surviving seedlings of example 1 and comparative example 1. 2013, comparing example 1: 2250 seedlings in the first class and 650 seedlings in the second class are selected from 3251 seedlings; example 1: 2660 of 3326 first-class seedlings and 498 of second-class seedlings. The first-class seedling of the nursery stock in the comparative example 1 is 69.2 percent, the first-class seedling of the nursery stock in the example 1 is 80 percent, and the first-class seedling of the nursery stock in the example 1 is 15.6 percent higher than the nursery stock in the comparative example 1.
2014 grafted nursery stock, comparative example 1: 2108 primary seedlings and 305 secondary seedlings in 3012 seedlings; example 1: 3121 the first-stage seedlings 2510 and the second-stage seedlings 320. The primary seedling of the nursery stock in the comparative example 1 is 70%, the primary seedling of the nursery stock in the example 1 is 80.1%, and the primary seedling of the nursery stock in the example 1 is 14.4% higher than the nursery stock in the comparative example 1.
A comparison test proves that the grafting method provided by the invention is time-saving, labor-saving and labor-saving, and the cost is reduced. The grafted seedlings are high in quality, strong in resistance and strong in commodity, and a foundation is laid for breeding improved walnut seedlings.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (2)
1. A walnut hard branch square bud grafting seedling raising method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) collecting scions: collecting the upper half part of annual branches at the periphery of a crown and branches with fully mature buds; the full maturity of the bud is marked by the fact that the bud turns from green to milky white, and the collection time is 4 months later;
(2) and (3) processing and preserving scions: collecting scions of the bud grafting, bundling 30-50 scions into a bundle, and storing after tying the labels;
the label indicates variety, quantity, source and collection time;
the storage is refrigeration storage or indoor storage or outdoor storage;
the specific method for storing the cold storage comprises the steps of storing collected scions in the cold storage at the temperature of 0-5 ℃;
the specific indoor storage method comprises the steps of placing collected scions at the shady position in a room, covering with covers such as straw mat and the like, sprinkling water, and keeping humidity;
the specific method of outdoor storage is that the collected scions are stored in a leeward and cool place, covers such as straw mat and the like are covered, water is sprinkled, and humidity is kept;
(3) selecting the rootstock: selecting strong seedlings with the ground diameter of more than 0.8cm, no plant diseases and insect pests and strong growth for the stocks; stumping of the rootstock;
(4) grafting the scion treated in the step (2) onto the rootstock in the step (3), wherein the grafting method is hardwood square bud grafting;
the period of grafting is from 4 to 6 ten days of the month;
the method for grafting the hard branch square buds specifically comprises the following steps: selecting a smooth part 5-10 cm away from the ground when the nursery stock is grafted, transversely cutting the smooth part up and down by using a double-edged knife, vertically cutting the smooth part on the left side by using a knife with the length of 3-4 cm and the width of 2-3 cm, picking out the stock bark on the left side by using a knife tip, quickly taking down the cut scion, embedding the scion into the stock cut, aligning the upper side and the lower side, tearing the stock bark on the other side downwards according to the width of a bud sheet, leaving a water discharge hole with the length of 0.4-0.5 cm and the width of 0.1-0.2 cm, tightly winding and binding the scion by using a grafting film, and then leaving 2-3 compound leaves above the scion and shearing the sci;
(5) performing post-inoculation management; the management after grafting comprises patching, sprout removal, stock shearing, loose binding, fertilizer and water management and pest control;
the specific supplementary grafting method comprises the steps of detecting survival 7-10 days after grafting and timely supplementary grafting if the survival is not realized;
the bud removing method specifically comprises the steps of completely removing buds sprouting on the rootstocks, wherein the bud removing process needs 3-5 times;
the anvil shearing method specifically comprises the steps of when the buds grow to 5-10 cm, reserving 0.5-1 cm above the grafted buds for shearing; the loose binding method comprises the steps of loosening a grafting film when buds grow to 10-20 cm, and removing the grafting film after callus of the grafted buds are completely healed;
the fertilizer and water management and the pest control are realized by not fertilizing and watering within two weeks after the grafting survives; when the young shoots of the scions grow to be more than 20cm, timely topdressing is carried out, topdressing is carried out for 3 times in the growth period, the 1 st time and the 2 nd time are carried out in 6-7 months, and quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied every 666.7m2The fertilizer application amount is 10-15 kg, and the 3 rd time of applying the phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer in 8 months, every 666.7m2The fertilizer application amount is 40-50 kg;
and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests in time;
the scion variety is walnut in Xianglinghu; the stock variety is selected from the walnuts with the chicken feet.
2. A walnut tree grafted by the bud grafting seedling raising method of any one of the claim 1.
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| CN107624401A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-01-26 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | A kind of walnut height, which connects, changes excellent budding method |
| CN107836231A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-03-27 | 会理禾润恒生态农林开发有限责任公司 | A kind of walnut square bud connects double film graftings |
| CN109089582A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-12-28 | 南京林业大学 | Blue or green money willow this anvil bud connects method for culturing seedlings |
| CN108811833A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-11-16 | 苏红群 | A kind of walnut grafting method for culturing seedlings |
| CN108934513B (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2020-12-04 | 安徽省林业科学研究院 | Bud grafting method of apocarya in spring |
| CN109328700A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-02-15 | 王守龙 | A method of for walnut summer budding nursery |
| CN110881324A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2020-03-17 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | Walnut spring bud grafting technical method |
| CN111802151A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-10-23 | 湖南省林业科学院 | Method for top grafting crown replacement of American hickory large tree by adopting square bud grafting |
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| CN103858681B (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2016-08-31 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | A kind of walnut grafting method for culturing seedlings |
| CN104920155A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-09-23 | 永胜程海茂源农业开发有限公司 | Cultivating method for pecans |
| CN105409684A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-03-23 | 泸州市恒达农业科技发展有限公司 | Method for planting walnuts |
| CN105613196A (en) * | 2016-03-14 | 2016-06-01 | 仁怀市龙井乡利东种植开发有限公司 | Walnut seedling cultivating method |
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