CN109089582A - Blue or green money willow this anvil bud connects method for culturing seedlings - Google Patents
Blue or green money willow this anvil bud connects method for culturing seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN109089582A CN109089582A CN201810800508.8A CN201810800508A CN109089582A CN 109089582 A CN109089582 A CN 109089582A CN 201810800508 A CN201810800508 A CN 201810800508A CN 109089582 A CN109089582 A CN 109089582A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
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- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of this anvil of blue or green money willow buds to connect method for culturing seedlings, and early spring carries out the transplanting of blue or green money willow sprout by container of non-woven bag, cultivates rootstock seedling, the season of growth reinforces fertilizer and water management, and carries out pinching processing, to promote diameter of stock to grow；Next year summer and autumn carry out square bud and connect, and square bud tablets are taken from blue or green money willow elite stand, are grafted on healthy and strong container seedling, longitudinal edge of a knife of stock side extends to form honeycomb duct；Grafting management, until being out of the garden.It is strong that the present invention can rapidly and efficiently cultivate anvil fringe affinity, well developed root system, transplanting survival rate is high, breeding blue or green money willow grafting without seedling-slowing stage, conscientiously it solves using other tree species to be difficult to survive as stock grafting blue or green money willow at present or later period not affinity, and seedling quality it is not high the problems such as, for realize blue or green money willow improved variety, push its industrialized development to have great significance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of plant asexual propagation, in particular to a kind of this anvil of blue or green money willow bud connects method for culturing seedlings.
Background technique
Blue or green money willow system Juglandaceae cyclocarya plant, cause and effect is like copper coin and leaf tool sweet taste also known as " money tree " and " Sweet tea
Tree ".Blue or green money willow be distributed mainly on Jiangxi in Subtropic of China area, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan,
Guangxi, Chongqing, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, 15, Yunnan province (city).Blue or green money willow more be born in the mountain area 420~2500m of height above sea level, trench,
Border, Lin Nei or Limestone Mountain.Blue or green money willow is the distinctive single platymiscium in China, is that the medicinal, health care of collection, material are used and ornamental etc.
The rare tree of various value.With deeply being promoted with publicity for research, cognition degree and plantation of the people to blue or green money willow
Enthusiasm is continuously improved.But as a kind of ecological economy tree species with development potential, industrialized development at present is still in starting
Stage, and key constraints are that fine breeding technology is still immature.
Currently, the propagation method of blue or green money willow has seed propagation, cutting propagation and 3 kinds of propagation by grafiting.Seeding and seedling raising belongs to sexual
Breeding, variability are big, it is difficult to keep maternal merit.Blue or green money willow cutting propagation to elite stand and insert after manage it is more demanding,
There are the phenomenons that cutting survival is extremely unstable in production, and cuttage typically forms only thicker level-one root, it is difficult to be formed flourishing
Root system, therefore transplanting survival rate is lower.Patent No. ZL201310531513.0 is disclosed " engrafting method of blue or green money willow ", choosing
It is that stock is grafted with the equal Chinese ash not belonged to, survival rate 90%.But from " blue or green money willow anvil fringe and strain grafting affinity
Pre-test " (swallow etc., 2017) report is with Chinese ash it is found that cannot survive by stock grafting different lines blue or green money willow of walnut
The phenomenon that stock grafting blue or green money willow cannot be survived there is also certain strains.Our many years practical observations are, it was also found that blue or green money willow is grafted
The survival rate of current year reaches as high as 40% on to Chinese ash, and grafting growth is preferable, but the remaining seedling growth gesture of second year is gradually
Weak, storage rate is about 20%, arrives third year, and almost all of nursery stock is all dead.This may be the anvil fringe of blue or green money willow and Chinese ash
Caused by affinity is not strong.Therefore, it is difficult to promote and apply using the grafting that other tree species carry out blue or green money willow as stock in production at present.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aim to address technical problem present on existing production, provide complete set from cultivating high-quality blueness
Money willow container seedling carries out the method for culturing seedlings that this anvil bud connects as stock, and it is strong rapidly and efficiently to cultivate anvil fringe affinity, well developed root system,
Transplanting survival rate is high, the breeding blue or green money willow grafting of no seedling-slowing stage, solves conscientiously at present using other tree species as stock grafting blueness money
Willow is difficult to survive or later period not affinity and the problems such as not high seedling quality, for realizing blue or green money willow improved variety, pushes its industry
Changing development has great significance.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention, which provides a kind of this anvil of blue or green money willow bud, connects method for culturing seedlings, which is characterized in that early
Spring carries out the transplanting of blue or green money willow sprout by container of non-woven bag, cultivates rootstock seedling, the season of growth reinforces fertilizer and water management, and is plucked
Heart processing, to promote diameter of stock to grow；Next year summer and autumn carry out square bud and connect, and take square bud tablets from breeding blue or green money willow elite stand,
It is grafted on healthy and strong container seedling, longitudinal edge of a knife of stock side extends to form honeycomb duct；Grafting management, until being out of the garden.
Further, the rootstock seedling cultivate specifically includes the following steps:
1) container selects: after non-woven bag container dress soil bore be 12cm, high 16cm, it is cylindrical；
2) preparation of seedling medium: yellow soil, perlite, chicken manure, peat are uniformly mixed, host material proportion are as follows: yellow
Cubsoil: perlite: chicken manure: peat=2:2:3:3；
3) sprout is transplanted: being selected the healthy and strong sprout that 1 pair of true leaf has been unfolded, is clipped main root growing point, can promote lateral root and palpus
Root growth forms flourishing root system, is then transplanted in matrix；
4) control root processing: container level land is thrown on the cement seedbed for being covered with ground cloth, container spacing 15cm, and in Growing season
Section monthly moves a container, cuts off the root system of propelling container bottom, so that nursery stock be promoted to form flourishing root system in container；
5) water and fertilizer management: applying fertilizer 2~3 times during seedling growth, applies urea, carries out in conjunction with watering, and concentration is controlled 0.1
~0.5%；The 1st fertilising is carried out at the beginning of 6 months, is applied every month 1 time, should be sprinkled profoundly water on the day before grafting later.
Further, above-mentioned steps 2) in, the chicken manure is decomposed chicken manure and mushroom residue compound organic fertilizer, organic matter
Content 45%, N content 3.5%, P content 6.4%, K content 1.6%.
Further, the square bud connect specifically includes the following steps:
1) grafting time: mid-July to early September；
2) selection of scion: healthy and strong blue or green money willow elite stand tree crown periphery middle and lower part, diameter > 1cm, robust growth, development is selected to fill
Real, sturdy raw half wooden branch of smooth, no disease and pests harm current year, wipes out blade and top tip young tender part immediately, and petiole stays 1cm,
Pay attention to moisturizing of shading, acquisition same day grafting on the day of scion；
3) it takes and budders: centered in scion one full bud, cortex up and down is cut off with grafting knife, by one when taking bud tablets
Side longitudinal knife is fond of food that is not salty gently to be taken off, pays attention to together removing bastem growing point；
4) it grafts: at stock is away from 15~20cm of ground, doing a notch identical or slightly larger with bud tablets size, remove
Cortex will budder be attached on stock notch xylem rapidly, and bud tablets and stock notch at least side are aligned, and stock side is indulged
Extend to form honeycomb duct to the edge of a knife, for discharging bleeding sap；The convex-concave degree at stock grafting position matches with bud tablets, in favor of
Increase contact surface, improves survival rate；Bud tablets finally are bound with film tape, preceding grafting bud is exposed by the end of August, and September is grafted then not
Reveal bud；Honeycomb duct is not bound, and is exposed；
5) it manages after connecing: not watering in 3 days after grafting, in case bleeding excessively influences to survive；15~20 days after grafting, connecing
Film is longitudinally gently scratched in the bud other side, not injure stock cortex, the film of binding is allowed voluntarily to fall off；More than stock interface
2~3 compound leaves are stayed to provide nutrient for the autumn growth of scion, and the winter for improving scion overwintering cold tolerance, remaining branch are complete
Portion is cut off, and avoids inhibition caused by may growing to scion；All branches on stock are wiped out after fringe bud is sprouted after spring.
Further, above-mentioned steps 3) in, the size buddered removed is long 3~4cm, wide 1~1.5cm.
Further, above-mentioned steps 4) in, the length of the honeycomb duct is 1.5~2.5cm, width 2mm, as deep as wooden
Portion.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects obtained by the present invention are as follows it is as follows:
1. the present invention carries out the cultivation of blue or green money willow rootstock seedling as container using non-woven bag can be formed by air root relief principle
Very flourishing root system, the adaptability and resistance of nursery stock, the surrival rate of afforestation is high, no seedling-slowing stage, and the nursery stock after grafting survival
It can be transplanted, be not subject to seasonal restrictions at any time.It can solve many existing for the grafting that traditional field seedling raising mode is cultivated ask
Topic.
2. the present invention uses this anvil of blue or green money willow square bud grafting method, forming layer contact area is big, and by using convincing runner by patient analysis
Equal measures, can efficiently solve blue or green money willow bleeding seriously causes graft union to be difficult to the problem of healing.
3. the present invention can carry out bud to early September from mid-July and connect, the selectable time is long.
4. the present invention connect using blue or green money willow this anvil bud, affinity is strong between anvil fringe, any kind can grafting survival, cut
Solve the problems, such as that the blue or green money willow material preferably gone out is unable to improved variety on the spot.
5. the present invention selects suitable grafting time, and change using the breeding method of the blue or green money willow container rootstock seedling of optimization
Good engrafting method forms the blue or green money willow of complete set this anvil bud and connects high efficiency seedling cultivating technical system, and high-volume graft survival rate is reachable
90% or more, for survival rate up to 95% or more, it is difficult that this can effectively solve current blue or green money willow vegetative propagation after transplanting, improved variety into
The problem of Cheng Yanchong is obstructed will effectively push the industrialized development of blue or green money willow.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below.Following embodiment is only used for clearly illustrating technical side of the invention
Case, and not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1: different Stockscion combination bud takees compare
The different Stockscion combination bud takees of table 1 compare
As shown in table 1, different Stockscion combination scion grafting survival rate differences are obvious after grafting 90d, wherein using blue or green money willow as stock
Graft survival rate highest, be 93.33%, be 20.69% by the graft survival rate of stock of apocarya, using Chinese ash as anvil
The graft survival rate of wood is only 13.33%.Grafting second year storage rate is respectively 90.83%, 18.10% and 8.75%, and with
Apocarya and Chinese ash are that the grafting growing way of stock is poor, are by the grafting storage rate of stock of blue or green money willow to third year
90.83%, the grafting of remaining two kinds of Stockscion combination is all dead.
Embodiment 2: square bud connects
1) early spring to fill bore after soil is 12cm, the cylindrical non-woven bag of high 16cm as container carries out sprout transplanting, base
Matter is yellow soil: perlite: chicken manure: peat=2:2:3:3, and the season of growth reinforces fertilizer and water management, to promote diameter of stock to grow.
2) mid-August next year, choosing current year raw half wooden blue or green money willow branch, centered in scion one full bud, with grafting
Cortex, long 3~4cm, wide 1~1.5cm remove bud tablets by fond of food that is not salty gently take off of side longitudinal knife up and down for knife cutting.In stock
At 15~20cm of ground, it is one and the essentially identical or slightly larger notch of bud tablets size, removes cortex, will budder be attached to rapidly
On stock notch xylem, bud tablets and stock notch at least side are aligned, and longitudinal edge of a knife of stock side extends lower cut out
1.5~2.5cm, wide about 2mm as deep as xylem honeycomb duct, for discharging bleeding sap.The convex-concave degree at stock grafting position is wanted
It matches as far as possible with bud tablets.Bud tablets finally are bound with film tape, grafting bud is exposed.Honeycomb duct is not bound, and is exposed.
3) it does not water in 3d after grafting, in case bleeding excessively influences to survive.15~20d after grafting, it is vertical in the other side of buddering
To film is gently scratched, stock cortex is not injured, and the film of binding is allowed voluntarily to fall off.2~3 compound leaves are stayed more than stock interface
Nutrient is provided for the autumn growth of scion, and the winter for improving scion overwintering cold tolerance, remaining branch are all cut off.Next year fringe
Bud wipes out all branches on stock after sprouting.
Grafting current year survival rate is 93%, and the next spring storage rate is 90%, and survival rate is up to 95% after transplanting.
Embodiment 3: square bud connects
1) early spring to fill bore after soil is 12cm, the cylindrical non-woven bag of high 16cm as container carries out sprout transplanting, base
Matter is yellow soil: perlite: chicken manure: peat=2:2:3:3, and the season of growth reinforces fertilizer and water management, to promote diameter of stock to grow.
2) mid-September next year, choosing current year raw half wooden blue or green money willow branch, centered in scion one full bud, with grafting
Cortex, long 3~4cm, wide 1~1.5cm remove bud tablets by fond of food that is not salty gently take off of side longitudinal knife up and down for knife cutting.In stock
At 15~20cm of ground, it is one and the essentially identical or slightly larger notch of bud tablets size, removes cortex, will budder be attached to rapidly
On stock notch xylem, bud tablets and stock notch at least side are aligned, and longitudinal edge of a knife of stock side extends lower cut out
1.5~2.5cm, wide about 2mm as deep as xylem honeycomb duct, for discharging bleeding sap.The convex-concave degree at stock grafting position is wanted
It matches as far as possible with bud tablets.Bud tablets finally are bound with film tape, do not reveal bud.Honeycomb duct is not bound, and is exposed.
3) it does not water in 3d after grafting, in case bleeding excessively influences to survive.15~20d after grafting, it is vertical in the other side of buddering
To film is gently scratched, stock cortex is not injured, and the film of binding is allowed voluntarily to fall off.2~3 compound leaves are stayed more than stock interface
Nutrient is provided for the autumn growth of scion, and the winter for improving scion overwintering cold tolerance, remaining branch are all cut off.Next year fringe
Bud wipes out all branches on stock after sprouting.
Grafting current year survival rate is 92%, and the next spring storage rate is 90%, and survival rate is up to 95% after transplanting.
Present invention optimizes the breeding method of blue or green money willow container rootstock seedling, making stock next year i.e. can reach grafting rugosity, choosing
Suitable grafting time is selected, and this anvil bud is carried out using the engrafting method of improvement and is connect, is cultivated from rootstock seedling to grafting survival 2-3
It can be out of the garden, not only shorten growing-seedling period, but also grafting has anvil fringe affinity strong, well developed root system, nursery stock adaptability and anti-
Property it is strong, transplanting survival rate is high, no seedling-slowing stage, and the advantages that be not subject to seasonal restrictions.It is asexual that this can effectively solve current blue or green money willow
The problem of breeding is difficult, and improved variety process is seriously obstructed will effectively push the industrialized development of blue or green money willow.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, without departing from the technical principles of the invention, several improvement and deformations can also be made, these improvement and deformations
Also it should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of this anvil of blue or green money willow bud connects method for culturing seedlings, which is characterized in that early spring carries out blue or green money willow bud by container of non-woven bag
Rootstock seedling is cultivated in transplantation of seedlings, and the season of growth reinforces fertilizer and water management, and carries out pinching processing, to promote diameter of stock to grow；Next year
Summer and autumn carry out square bud and connect, and square bud tablets are taken from blue or green money willow elite stand, are grafted on healthy and strong container seedling, the longitudinal knife of stock side
Mouth extends and forms honeycomb duct；Grafting management, until being out of the garden.
2. this anvil of blue or green money willow bud according to claim 1 connects method for culturing seedlings, which is characterized in that the rootstock seedling cultivates tool
Body the following steps are included:
1) container selects: after non-woven bag container dress soil bore be 12cm, high 16cm, it is cylindrical；
2) preparation of seedling medium: yellow soil, perlite, chicken manure, peat are uniformly mixed, host material proportion are as follows: yellow soil:
Perlite: chicken manure: peat=2:2:3:3；
3) sprout is transplanted: being selected the healthy and strong sprout that 1 pair of true leaf has been unfolded, is clipped main root growing point, be transplanted in matrix；
4) control root processing: container level land is thrown on the cement seedbed for being covered with ground cloth, container spacing 15cm, and every in the season of growth
Container of moon movement；
5) water and fertilizer management: applying fertilizer 2~3 times during seedling growth, applies urea, carries out in conjunction with watering, concentration control 0.1~
0.5 %；The 1st fertilising is carried out at the beginning of 6 months, is applied every month 1 time, should be sprinkled profoundly water on the day before grafting later.
3. this anvil of blue or green money willow bud according to claim 2 connects method for culturing seedlings, which is characterized in that above-mentioned steps 2) in, it is described
Chicken manure be decomposed chicken manure and mushroom residue compound organic fertilizer, the content of organic matter 45%, N content 3.5%, P content 6.4%, K content
1.6%。
4. this anvil of blue or green money willow bud according to claim 1 connects method for culturing seedlings, which is characterized in that the square bud connects specifically
The following steps are included:
1) grafting time: mid-July to early September；
2) selection of scion: healthy and strong blue or green money willow elite stand tree crown periphery middle and lower part, diameter > 1 cm, robust growth, development is selected to enrich,
Sturdy raw half wooden branch of smooth, no disease and pests harm current year, wipes out blade and top tip young tender part, petiole stays 1cm, pays attention to immediately
Shading moisturizing, acquisition same day grafting on the day of scion；
3) it takes and budders: centered in scion one full bud, cutting off cortex up and down with grafting knife, indulged when taking bud tablets by side
It is gently taken off to the edge of a knife, pays attention to together removing bastem growing point；
4) it grafts: at stock is away from 15~20cm of ground, doing a notch identical or slightly larger with bud tablets size, remove skin
Layer, will budder be attached on stock notch xylem rapidly, and bud tablets and stock notch at least side are aligned, and stock side is indulged
Extend to form honeycomb duct to the edge of a knife, for discharging bleeding sap；The convex-concave degree at stock grafting position matches with bud tablets, in favor of
Increase contact surface, improves survival rate；Bud tablets finally are bound with film tape, preceding grafting bud is exposed by the end of August, and September is grafted then not
Reveal bud；Honeycomb duct is not bound, and is exposed；
5) it manages after connecing: not watering in 3 days after grafting, in case bleeding excessively influences to survive；It is another buddering 15~20 days after grafting
Film is longitudinally gently scratched in side, not injure stock cortex, the film of binding is allowed voluntarily to fall off；2 are stayed more than stock interface
~ 3 compound leaves provide nutrient for the autumn growth of scion, and the winter for improving scion overwintering cold tolerance, remaining branch are all cut
It goes, avoids inhibition caused by may growing to scion；All branches on stock are wiped out after fringe bud is sprouted after spring.
5. this anvil of blue or green money willow bud according to claim 4 connects method for culturing seedlings, which is characterized in that above-mentioned steps 3) in, it removes
The size buddered be long 3~4 cm, wide by 1~1. 5 cm.
6. this anvil of blue or green money willow bud according to claim 4 connects method for culturing seedlings, which is characterized in that above-mentioned steps 4) in, it is described
The length of honeycomb duct is 1.5~2.5cm, width 2mm, as deep as xylem.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111837727A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-10-30 | 南京林业大学 | Seedling culture container for cyclocarya paliurus and seedling culture method for improving quality of cyclocarya paliurus seedlings |
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