CN108834600A - A kind of engrafting method of crape myrtle high-grafting - Google Patents
A kind of engrafting method of crape myrtle high-grafting Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of engrafting methods of crape myrtle high-grafting, include the following steps:Disconnected anvil；Adopt fringe；Stock is cut, cuts stock point two steps, the first step is away from splaying a knife at anvil face 1-5mm toward anvil face direction, and at 45-60 °, depth is advisable with slightly xylem for the extended line of anvil face and the angle of bevel；Second step is cut from the anvil face place of splaying center, is erected down with slightly xylem and is cut 2-3cm；Cut scion；Rabbet fringe；Binding and bagging etc., using the application engrafting method, crape myrtle high-grafting survival rate is increased to 95% or more by 70% or so.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of engrafting method, especially a kind of engrafting method of crape myrtle high-grafting.
Background technique
Currently, the method for crape myrtle high-grafting is mainly scion grafting.So-called scion grafting is exactly the branch with number bud or a bud
It is connected on stock, that is, the grafting carried out with the branch scion of plant.The grafting high and changing head usually set greatly, the benefit that bud connects connects and anvil
All common whip grafting when wood is coarse.There are many method of scion grafting, and there are commonly following several in production.
Cleft grafting：It was usually used in the grafting of thick stock in the past, and was also commonly used for the small stock grafting of nursery lot now.Its advantage is that transferring
It is firmly combined after connecing, long for grafting time, the disadvantage is that wound is big, healing is slow.
Cut-grafting：It grafts suitable for diameter of stock at 1-2 centimetres, is that engrafting method is often used in spring nursery.Suitable for arbor,
Most of woody flowers and trees such as shrub.
Side grafting：It is a kind of without cutting stock grafting method, high survival rate.Stock can be cut when nursery and replacement kind,
Stock can not be cut by transplanting when covering.
Side bark-grafting：Suitable on big stock, not having to cut off stock as side grafting, it is usually used in short covering of transplanting, in increase
Thorax branch.
Cortex grafting：Cortex grafting is also named notch graft, is a kind of widely used method in scion grafting, and easy to operate rapid,
Survival rate is higher.This method must sprout in stock bud, and cortex can remove when progress.Suitable for the thinner grafting of the thicker scion of stock,
Also the difficult tree species survived of grafting are commonly used, tie up pillar in time after paying attention to grafting survival.
Insert skin whip graft：It inserts skin whip graft and also cries notch graft, be the higher a kind of connection of survival rate in scion grafting.This method must be in stock
Bud is sprouted, progress when cortex is stayed to remove.Advantage is that forming layer contact surface is big, and healing is easy, and growth is fast, is usually used in grafting survival
More difficult tree species.
Whip graft：Also double whip grafts are cried, docking is used for stock, and scion rugosity is about the same, and is difficult to the tree of grafting survival
Kind, such as grape, walnut, Chinese chestnut etc., because stock and the cambial contact surface of scion are quite big, survival rate is high.
Overlap joint：Scion and stock are all whittled into the bevel of same level, are bonded to each other together, best scion and stock
Rugosity is identical, can make both sides forming layer that can be aligned, and improves survival rate.When stock and scion rugosity be not identical, monogon
Scion, can't be placed on the center of stock bevel, both sides forming layer cannot be all aligned, and influence to survive by stratification alignment.Generally take
The bevel connect is long, and the contact surface of scion and stock is big, advantageous grafting survival.
It is abutted against：It is abutted against also known as lures and connect, its feature is the root system that stock and scion respectively have oneself during grafting,
Parent is not departed from, the just respective dialysis only after surviving.It is abutted against and is usually carried out in the season of growth, specifically has branch to be abutted against, seedling
It is abutted against, root grafting by approach etc., branch inarching method is commonly used in production.
Crape myrtle is grafted using the above method, graft survival rate is general, and end can achieve the desired results, even skilled worker's transfers
It connects, survival rate is also only 70% or so.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to：A kind of engrafting method of crape myrtle high-grafting high survival rate is provided.
To solve this technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that：
A kind of engrafting method of crape myrtle high-grafting, includes the following steps:
（1）Disconnected anvil
Major branch that is healthy and strong, being evenly distributed is selected to make stock in the strong lagerstroemia indica tree of growing way, with saw in the master away from trunk 8-15cm
It is sawed-off at branch；
（2）Adopt fringe
Acquisition is healthy and strong, fringe bud is full, no disease and pests harm, diameter are that the moderate annotinous branch of 0.5-1.5cm thickness makees scion；
（3）Cut stock
Cut stock point two steps, the first step be away from splaying a knife at anvil face 1-5mm toward anvil face direction, the extended line of anvil face with splay
At 45-60 °, depth is advisable the angle in face with slightly xylem；Second step is cut from the anvil face place of splaying center, with slightly wooden
It erects down and cuts 2-3cm in portion；
（4）Cut scion
It is being whittled into long bevel away from the 2.5-3.0cm that splays down of the side slightly xylem below fringe bud 0.5-1.0cm, then in length
It then splays at 0.3-0.7cm above away from fringe bud disconnected away from short bevel is splayed at lower fringe face 0.5-1.0cm at the back side of bevel;
（5）Rabbet fringe
In the stock that the scion insertion cut has been cut, the long bevel of scion is aligned with stock forming layer inwards, is close to；
（6）Binding
The stock being fitted into is tightened from periphery with grafting membrane with scion first, then puts down wrapped real anvil face, then on anvil inclined-plane and is connect
The incision on grafting membrane around to scion top is finally wrapped tie-down around tying up by the joint portion of fringe, and bud eye is exposed；
（7）Bagging
By the stock bound and scion bagging.
The time of crape myrtle high-grafting is in late Febuary to by the end of March.
According to handsome in appearance and molding as early as possible every plant of crape myrtle is required to select and remain major branch stock 3-8.
The minimum diameter of major branch stock and the diameter for the scion grafted match.
The crape myrtle scion of homophyletic stock grafting difference pattern.
The crape myrtle scion of homophyletic stock grafting different cultivars.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
The present invention increases 1 knife when cutting stock, than general grafting, i.e., first up chamfers the first knife away from anvil face 3mm, cut out
As soon as anvil inclined-plane, such grafter can be easier to observe the forming layer of stock from anvil inclined-plane, and grafter can be from xylem
With the second knife of engaging portion incision of bast, the forming layer for cutting out stock can reach maximization, the maximized forming layer of stock with
The forming layer of scion is aligned, and substantially increases the survival rate of scion.
Because stock and scion have an engaging portion on gentle anvil inclined-plane, when with grafting membrane binding stock and scion, scion
The grafting membrane on both sides would not wrinkle, and the stock after binding and scion will be bound more closely, this is also beneficial to improve
The survival rate of scion.
Through multiple Grafting Experiment, crape myrtle high-grafting is carried out using the method, it is under identical condition, same skilled by having
The master worker of degree grafts, and survival rate is increased to 95% or more by 70% or so.
Specific embodiment
1, Root-stock selection and the processing of disconnected anvil：
Major branch that is healthy and strong, being evenly distributed is selected to make stock in the strong lagerstroemia indica tree of growing way, with saw in the master away from trunk 8-15cm
Branch place is sawed-off, and bark is smooth preferably at the major branch away from trunk 10cm, leads to and directly locates sawed-off, and it is smooth that anvil face is straight.Selected stock
Tree vigo(u)r should have enough vigor, to the age without what it is special require, it is annual or perennial.If tree vigo(u)r
Difference, vigor is not good enough, then will carry out rejuvenation processing to weak tendency tree last year in grafting.Select and remain make stock branch quantity and
The needs of distribution, the distribution situation and moulding to set major branch according to every plant determine, in short, can satisfy it is handsome in appearance and
Molding needs as early as possible.Few selects and remain 1-3, more to select and remain 8-10, even more, specifically different because of tree, because of tree vigo(u)r
Depending on.The diameter minimum of stock will as scion size, do not limit maximum value.Major branch diameter, which is more than 2 centimetres, just can be grafted two
A scion, the two scion can be the same pattern of same kind, with kind difference pattern, different cultivars with pattern or different cultivars not
Ornamental value is considerably increased in this way, people can see different common crapemyrtle flowers on same strain tree with pattern etc..
2, selection and the moisturizing processing of fringe bar
The moderate annotinous branch of selection stalwartness, no disease and pests harm, thickness makees scion.Every fringe bar is about 45-65cm, 15-25
Bud, slightly about 0.5-1.5cm, too thick too thin bad.Slightly be inconvenient to graft very much, be carefully not easy very much to survive.Such fringe bar can be cut into
7-12 scion.
Fringe bar is preferably with adopting with connecing.It is saved to transport, then it is certain it is noted that moisturizing.The method of moisturizing is：First use wet cloth
Fringe bar is lightly wrapped up, outside covers the wet felt of a thickness again, is finally covered again with film.After transporting back, fringe bar is placed on
It is stored in shady and cool, the biggish room of humidity, prevents fringe bar dehydration, reduce survival rate.
Cut anvil
First the position to be grafted is wiped clean with dry cloth, then cuts anvil.Two steps of stock point are cut, the first step is at away from anvil face 1-5mm
It splays a knife toward anvil face direction, the extended line of anvil face and -60 ° at 45 ° of the angle of bevel, depth is advisable with slightly xylem；
Second step is cut from the anvil face place of splaying center, is erected down with slightly xylem and is cut 2-3cm.
Preferably away from splaying the first knife at anvil face 3mm toward anvil face direction, the second knife is from splaying from anvil face on taenia mediana
The xylem of 1mm is vertically toward incision 3cm.
3, scion is cut
It is being whittled into long bevel away from the 2.5-3.0cm that splays down of the side slightly xylem below fringe bud 0.5-1.0cm, then in length
The back side of bevel 70 ° -80 ° of angle of short inclined-plane and scion vertical plane, connects away from short bevel is splayed at lower fringe face 0.5-1.0cm
Flat wedge shape is cut into this one end of fringe, then splays at 0.3-0.7cm above away from fringe bud disconnected, preferably above away from fringe bud
It splays at 0.5cm disconnected, 10 ° -20 ° of angle of bevel and scion vertical plane.
It is preferred that long bevel is splayed 3.0cm down away from the side slightly xylem below fringe bud 0.7cm.
The 0.8cm it is preferred that short bevel is splayed.
4, rabbet fringe
In the stock that the scion insertion cut has been cut, long bevel is bonded with stock forming layer inwards, makes the forming layer pair of the two
Together, it is close to, this is a bit extremely crucial.If stock is thicker, 2-4 scion can also be grafted on a stock.
5, binding and bagging
The anvil skin of perpendicular incision is bonded with embedding good scion first, stock and scion are tightened from the outside with partial veil item, can mostly around
Several circles packet is tight, then puts down after disconnected anvil face packet is tight, in stock and scion junction around a few circle stitches realities, finally green
The incision on film around to scion top, which wraps, to be tightened.
When binding, the forming layer of both stock and scion should be aligned and interface cannot be allowed to shift, cut all
All packet is tight at mouthful, and cannot encase bud, also not hurt bud.
After tying up, bag, rubber band on bundle are put on.Notice that sack will stick out when bagging, in order to avoid contacting with bud, prevents temperature
It burns after rising bud.The purpose of bagging is to prevent scion to be dehydrated, moreover it is possible to play heat preservation and disease-resistant to keep humidity in bag
Effect.
6, the management after grafting
（1）, unpacking：15-20 days sending sproutings are grafted, long has 3cm, short also close 1cm, indicates that grafting has survived.At this moment, it answers
This bagging is dismantled, in order to avoid influence sprouting growth.
（2）, except sprouting：Rudiment is often growed fastly than the sprouting of grafting, so rudiment bar is removed in time, sprouting could not
It is impacted.
（3）, insect prevention：April, the temperature rises, and acarid etc. starts actively, to spray in time and prevent and treat pest and disease damage.Drug can be fastly
3000-4500 times of liquid mixing of 2000-3000 times of liquid of mite quinoline and 10% wettable powder of imidacloprid of rattling away is killed to spray.
（4）, unbundlings：Grafting membrane is released after grafting survival in time.
（5）, anti-livestock;Prevent livestock from breaking the scion survived into garden.
The test of crape myrtle high-grafting
In order to explore a kind of method for improving crape myrtle timber pile high-grafting survival rate, we are cloudy in the selection of in early March, 2017
Weather i.e. 8 day and carried out in Yongzhou City forestry scientific research institute nursery lot within 9th crape myrtle high-grafting test.Concrete condition
It is described as follows.
Experimental field overview
Experimental field it is located at Yongzhou City forestry scientific research institute, 130-135m of height above sea level, 26 ° 21 ' of north latitude, annual rainfall is
1425.5mm, year-round average temperature are 17.8 DEG C, and the gradient is 16-30 °, and pH value 6.2, soil class is red soil, soil depth
For：80cm or more.
Test material and method
2.1 test material
2.1.1 test fringe bar and stock
This fringe bar for testing selection is 3 safflower red autumnal leaves, flourishing ball and flourishing arrow kinds respectively.
Grafting is to cultivate 3 years wild crape myrtles in nursery lot with stock, and for the trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground in 8-10cm, the branch of grafting is straight
Diameter 2-5cm, line-spacing × spacing in the rows=2m × 2m.
2.1.2 grafting tool
Grafting tool mainly includes following several：
（1）Grafting knife：It is sharp, smooth.
（2）Partial veil：It is cut into the bar shaped belt of wide 3-3.5cm, 20-35cm long.
（3）Saw：It is required that saw is light, sharp, convenient for saw stock.
（4）Secateurs:Secateurs is for cutting smaller branch.
（5）Fill the sack of fringe bar：The thick cloth bag of wide 30cm, long 90cm or so.
（6）Rubber band：Want durable, for binding bagging.
（7）Bagging：Specification is 12cm × 18cm, plastic film bag relatively thin, transparency is high.
Experimental design
Test uses randomized complete-block design, is set at 3 kinds of different cultivars, different grafting methods and different grafting works etc. respectively
Reason, every processing set different level, relatively respectively handle the graft survival rate between different level.
2.2.1 test variety
3 kinds such as test selection safflower red autumnal leaves, flourishing ball and flourishing arrow.
2.2.2 worker is grafted
Grafting work includes A, B and C etc. 3 skilled grafting workers.
2.2.3 engrafting method
Grafting Experiment is carried out using following 4 kinds of methods.
(1) engrafting method 1：Engrafting method of the present invention increases 1 knife when cutting stock, than general grafting, i.e., first away from
Anvil face 3mm up chamfers the first knife, cuts out an anvil inclined-plane；Second step is cut from the anvil face place of splaying center, with slightly wooden
It erects down and cuts 2-3cm in portion.
(2) engrafting method 2：With engrafting method 1 uniquely difference be exactly the first knife is not cut when cutting stock, directly from
Slightly the anvil face of xylem erects cut 2-3cm down.
(3) engrafting method 3：Difference with engrafting method 1 is when cutting stock, first is that the first knife is not cut, second is that second
Knife is cut from anvil face xylem side about 1/4 with knife is perpendicular, and a straight cut is formed.
(4) engrafting method 4：Difference with engrafting method 1 is when cutting stock, first is that the first knife is not cut, second is that second
Knife is cut among rootstock xylem with knife is perpendicular, and a straight cut is formed.
Each grafting worker uses 4 kinds of different engrafting methods each 30 to the crape myrtle of 3 different cultivars of stock grafting respectively
Bud, 4 repetitions.It is respectively compared the influence of different cultivars, different grafting methods and different grafting workers to graft survival rate.
Researching determining method
Every bud investigation is carried out to the bud of grafting, grafting survival bud number is counted, calculates graft survival rate.
Data analysing method
First survey data is intuitively analyzed, then carry out variance analysis with determination it is each it is horizontal between difference it is whether significant, to difference
The different Multiple range test that significantly carries out again is analyzed so that whether the difference between determining two-by-two is significant.
As a result with analysis
3.1 investigation graft survival rates
Graft survival rate is investigated, the results are shown in Table 1.
1 graft survival rate investigation statistics table of table
The average survival of grafting worker and different cultivars is calculated separately according to table 1, concrete condition is shown in Table 2.
The different grafting workers of table 2 and different cultivars graft average survival statistical form
| A | B | C | It is average | |
| Safflower red autumnal leaves | 78.96 | 78.75 | 79.17 | 78.96 |
| Flourishing ball | 78.75 | 78.75 | 78.96 | 78.82 |
| Flourishing arrow | 78.75 | 79.17 | 78.96 | 78.96 |
| It is average | 78.82 | 78.89 | 79.03 | 78.91 |
3.2 pairs of investigation results are analyzed
3.2.1 intuitive analysis
As it can be seen from table 1 grafting average survival highest using method 1, reach 96.30%；Followed by using method 2 into
Row grafting, survival rate 83.80%；It is grafted using method 3 and method 4, survival rate is relatively low, all below 70%.
From table 2 it can be seen that the graft survival rate of 3 different cultivars is not much different, minimum is flourishing ball, is averagely survived
Rate is 78.82%, and the average graft survival rate of safflower red autumnal leaves and flourishing arrow is 78.96%, and the two differs only by 0.14%；3 differences
Grafting worker's graft survival rate difference it is also little, highest is C, and average graft survival rate is 79.03%, and that minimum is A, is put down
Equal graft survival rate is 78.82%, and the two differs only by 0.21%.
Variance analysis
In order to exclude the influence of enchancement factor, variance analysis is carried out to test result, the results are shown in Table 4.
4 analysis of variance table of table
From table 4, it can be seen that different engrafting methods produces extremely significant influence to graft survival rate, and different workers
It is not significant with different interracial difference.
Multiple range test analysis
Since different engrafting methods produces extremely significant influence to graft survival rate, in order to compare different grafting methods two-by-two
Between difference it is whether significant, to investigation result carry out Multiple range test analysis.
As shown in Table 4, Mean squares within group S=1.26, corresponding freedom degree=12, group number be 4, respectively with level of significance a=
0.01 and a=0.05, it looks into q table and obtains：q0.01And q (4,12)=5.500.05(4,12)=4.20, so, D=q0.01(4,12)×=5.50 × 0.56=3.08, D=q0.05(4,12)×=4.20×0.56=2.35。
To be arranged successively from big to small using the graft survival rates of different grafting methods by average value, and one by one with D=3.08
Compare with D=2.35, the results are shown in Table 5.
Graft survival rate Multiple range test analytical table under 5 different grafting methods of table
Can be calculated from table 5, other than the difference of engrafting method 3 and engrafting method 4 between any two is not significant, it is other between any two
Difference it is all extremely significant.
Conclusion
4.1 carry out crape myrtle high-grafting, graft survival rate difference shadow using different engrafting methods by skilled grafting worker
Sound is very big.The average graft survival rate of engrafting method 1 is very high in test, is that one kind is worth promoting in production practice more than 95%
The engrafting method of application.
Influence of the 4.2 grafting proficiency of workers to graft survival rate is also very big, therefore it is non-to cultivate skilled grafting work
It is often important.
4.3 management for reinforcing after grafting are conducive to the crape myrtle after grafting survival and form as early as possible.
For the effect for further verifying the application engrafting method, 19-21 days in March, 2018, we are transferred using the application's
It connects method and high-grafting is carried out to the crape myrtle in nursery lot, 28 plants of the every row of totally 34 rows, count 952 plants.8-10 bud of every plant of grafting, altogether
8748 buds are grafted, grafting survival bud data are 8425, and average graft survival rate is 96.31%, it is seen then that the application crape myrtle is high
Connect method for changing significant effect.Crape myrtle high-grafting concrete condition is now counted as follows.
Crape myrtle high-grafting survival rate statistical form
Claims (6)
1. a kind of engrafting method of crape myrtle high-grafting, includes the following steps:
（1）Disconnected anvil
Major branch that is healthy and strong, being evenly distributed is selected to make stock in the strong lagerstroemia indica tree of growing way, with saw in the master away from trunk 8-15cm
It is sawed-off at branch；
（2）Adopt fringe
Acquisition is healthy and strong, fringe bud is full, no disease and pests harm, diameter are that the moderate annotinous branch of 0.5-1.5cm thickness makees scion；
（3）Cut stock
Cut stock point two steps, the first step be away from splaying a knife at anvil face 1-5mm toward anvil face direction, the extended line of anvil face with splay
At 45-60 °, depth is advisable the angle in face with slightly xylem；Second step is cut from the anvil face place of splaying center, with slightly wooden
It erects down and cuts 2-3cm in portion；
（4）Cut scion
It is being whittled into long bevel away from the 2.5-3.0cm that splays down of the side slightly xylem below fringe bud 0.5-1.0cm, then in length
It then splays at 0.3-0.7cm above away from fringe bud disconnected away from short bevel is splayed at lower fringe face 0.5-1.0cm at the back side of bevel;
（5）Rabbet fringe
In the stock that the scion insertion cut has been cut, the long bevel of scion is aligned with stock forming layer inwards, is close to；
（6）Binding
The stock being fitted into is tightened from periphery with grafting membrane with scion first, then puts down wrapped real anvil face, then on anvil inclined-plane and is connect
The incision on grafting membrane around to scion top is finally wrapped tie-down around tying up by the joint portion of fringe, and bud eye is exposed；
（7）Bagging
By the stock bound and scion bagging.
2. a kind of engrafting method of crape myrtle high-grafting according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：The crape myrtle high-grafting
Time in late Febuary to by the end of March.
3. a kind of engrafting method of crape myrtle high-grafting according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：According to handsome in appearance and most
It is molding fastly that every plant of crape myrtle is required to select and remain 3-8, major branch stock.
4. a kind of engrafting method of crape myrtle high-grafting according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：The major branch stock is most
Minor diameter and the diameter for the scion grafted match.
5. a kind of engrafting method of crape myrtle high-grafting according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：Homophyletic stock grafting is different
The crape myrtle scion of pattern.
6. a kind of engrafting method of crape myrtle high-grafting according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：Homophyletic stock grafting is different
The crape myrtle scion of kind.
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| CN109618701A (en) * | 2019-02-19 | 2019-04-16 | 顾刚 | Cambial slotting skin engrafting method is stayed in a kind of oblique saw anvil scion of big tree three |
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