CN109496581A - A kind of Chinese chestnut tree engrafting method of high-survival rate - Google Patents
A kind of Chinese chestnut tree engrafting method of high-survival rate Download PDFInfo
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- CN109496581A CN109496581A CN201910077076.7A CN201910077076A CN109496581A CN 109496581 A CN109496581 A CN 109496581A CN 201910077076 A CN201910077076 A CN 201910077076A CN 109496581 A CN109496581 A CN 109496581A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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Abstract
A kind of Chinese chestnut tree engrafting method of high-survival rate belongs to Chinese chestnut technical field of cultivation, a kind of engrafting method of Chinese chestnut tree is disclosed, specifically includes the following steps: step 1, Root-stock selection；Step 2, scion clip；Step 3, sand storage storage；Step 4, grafting time determine；Step 5, grafting tool prepare；Step 6, stock are cut；Step 7, scion are cut；Step 8, engagement；Step 9, binding；Step 10, managing after grafting.For a large amount of tanning matter is contained in Chinese chestnut branch stem, easy to oxidize, obstruction healing after wound is cut in grafting, using general fruit-tree grafting method, survival rate is low, and the present invention passes through the scion of dormant period clip, sand storage storage, scion sap does not flow completely when grafting, tanning matter is less, and increases the method for stock and scion contact area, promotes grafting survival, have many advantages, such as interface heal, high graft survival rate, seedlings picking growth it is fast, be suitable for large area Chinese chestnut seedling-wood breeding and plantation improved the breed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Chinese chestnut technical field of cultivation, and in particular to a kind of Chinese chestnut tree engrafting method of high-survival rate.
Background technique
Chinese chestnut seedling tree has the shortcomings that the treelet phase is long, the tall and big not manageability of plant, low output, and grafting Chinese chestnut tree can change
The shortcomings that good Castanea mollissima tree, has many advantages, such as that quality is good, yield is high, fruiting is early, tree body is downgraded, facilitates management.Developed recently
Chestnut Orchard be all plantation excellent variety grafting, in production, high-grafting process is transformed in raising seedling of chestnut and Chestnut Orchard kind
In, graft survival rate is low.Due to containing a large amount of tanning matters in Chinese chestnut branch stem, after cutting wound, tannin is easy to oxidize, hinders to be cured
It closes, carries out Chinese chestnut tree grafting, survival rate using existing Chinese chestnut engrafting method and using the whip grafting and bud grafting method of general fruit tree
Low, final-period management will carry out unlocking grafting membrane, high production cost.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Chinese chestnut tree engrafting methods of high-survival rate, are grafted, are connect using this method
Mouth heals, the growth of high survival rate, seedlings picking is fast, is suitable for large area seedling-wood breeding and production garden breed improvement.
The present invention is for a large amount of tanning matters are contained in Chinese chestnut branch stem, and after wound is cut in grafting, tannin is easy to oxidize, hinders to be cured
It closes, it is low using prior art graft survival rate, dormant period clip scion is on the one hand taken, sand storage storage is carried out, sap starts to flow
The dynamic phase is grafted, and when grafting, scion sap does not flow completely, less containing tanning matter, takes increase when on the other hand grafting
The method of stock and scion contact surface achievees the effect that improve survival rate.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is that: a kind of Chinese chestnut tree engrafting method of high-survival rate, specifically includes the following steps:
Step 1, Root-stock selection: stock grafting the previous year will strengthen management, and keep its growth vigorous, select rugosity for 0.7-
2.5cm, 1-3 raw Chinese chestnut tree seedling or high grafting；
Step 2, scion clip: selection of time before in late January to mid-February, sap does not flow (grafting first 25 days or so) cut
It takes, chooses the fruiting single plant of the excellent Chinese chestnut tree kind of various characters, clip tree body middle and upper part bud eye is full, growth key is strong,
The annual spring tip of no disease and pests harm, sand storage storage；
Step 3, sand storage storage: kiln or indoor ditching on ground bury scion with clean thin river sand, husky humidity is with hand
Hold it is agglomerating, let go and scatter preferably, buried depth be 20cm or more；
Step 4, grafting time determine: sap starts to flow, and when tree body starts rudiment, about on March, the middle ten days, is grafted；
Step 5, grafting tool prepare: getting out shrub and hedge trimmer, grafting knife, grafting membrane before grafting, grafting knife will polish sharp, cut
Bevel notch wants smooth, smooth when cutting, and a knife is whittled into, and grafting membrane selects elastic good, with a thickness of 0.01mm micro- thick, new plastic
Film is cut into the grafting membrane of width 1.8-2.5cm, length 50-65cm；
Step 6, stock are cut: stock being done smooth place away from ground 5-8cm or high grafting and is truncated, port is scabbled, with knife from section
Side slightly band xylem vertically cuts 2-2.5cm or so, cuts off the xylem of facet institute band, retains cortex, and section is smooth；
Step 7, scion are cut: being played knife at the side lower end 0.5-1cm of scion bud with grafting knife, cut to end band xylem
At the smooth long inclined-plane long 2.5cm or so, another side is whittled into the short inclined-plane of long 1cm or so, short inclined-plane and scionwood about at
50 ° of angles eliminate the epidermis for being about 1.2cm, width about 0.5cm cortex above the short inclined-plane at the long inclined-plane back side, expose more bast
Portion retains 1 full bud, and from bud upper end, 1-1.2cm is cut as a scion, is about 4.5cm；
Step 8, engagement: the long inclined-plane of the scion cut is inserted into inwards in stock notch, and the forming layer of two sides is aligned, if
Scion is different with the kerf width of stock, can be directed at one side forming layer, it is short tiltedly that the cortex of stock notch facet will be covered on scion
On the bast exposed on the upside of face and short inclined-plane, the depth of scion insertion exposes 0.2-0.4cm with the long inclined-plane upper end of scion and is
Preferably；
Step 9, binding: 16-20cm is reserved in grafting membrane one end, is bound since interface lower section, binds 4 circles, 1-2 altogether
Circle ties scion and stock, the 3rd circle sealing graft union, and one end of reserved 16-20cm is flipped up after enclosing, covers by binding the 3rd
Clip above good scion, then be turned to below interface, the 4th circle is compacted into, and is knotted, elastic suitable in process of binding
Degree not fold grafting membrane；
Step 10, managing after grafting: after grafting, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and fertilizer and water management are carried out in time, the bud of pumping is sprouted on stock
It to erase in time, after 30 days, if tie up thickening growth at film influence binding, film tying is tied up in release, in order to avoid influence scion growth.
Technical characterstic of the invention also resides in:
Stock grafting the previous year described in step 1 will strengthen management, and keep its growth vigorous, be conducive to grafting survival.
The scion clip time described in step 2 (grafting first 25 days or so) before the flowing of sap late January to mid-February
Clip, sand storage storage flow scion sap in grafting not, less containing tanning matter, are conducive to grafting survival.
It is vertically cut with knife from section side slightly band xylem described in step 6, is existed described in step 7 with grafting knife
Knife is played at the side lower end 0.5-1cm of scion bud, is whittled into the smooth long inclined-plane long 2.5cm or so with xylem to end,
It is all slightly to keep the forming layer of stock and scion, bast broadening with xylem, be conducive to grafting survival that stock and scion, which are cut,.
Meanwhile it is this when cutting method, stock and inconsistent scion rugosity, engagement can also make stock and the forming layer of scion two sides as right as possible
Together, be conducive to grafting survival.
The xylem of the band of excision facet institute described in step 6 retains cortex, has for stock in engagement greater area of
Forming layer.
The table for being about 1.2cm, width about 0.5cm cortex above the short inclined-plane at the long inclined-plane back side is eliminated described in step 7
Skin exposes more bast, to have greater area of bast when scion engagement.
The cortex of stock notch facet will be covered on dew on the upside of the short inclined-plane of scion and short inclined-plane when engagement described in step 8
On bast out, greatly increase stock forming layer and scion forming layer, bast contact surface, be conducive to grafting at
It is living.
It plays knife described in step 7 at the side lower end of scion bud with grafting knife, is whittled into long inclined-plane downwards, after engagement,
One end of reserved 16-20cm is just flipped up after interface sides, the circle of binding the 3rd described in step 9 by bud, covers scion
Clip above, then be turned to below interface, it knots, the bud in scion would not be covered.
Grafting membrane described in step 5 selects elastic good, with a thickness of 0.01mm micro- thick, new plastic film, institute in step 9
Total 4 circle of binding is stated, number is few for binding circle, elastic appropriateness, not folded grafting membrane in process of binding, in such grafting growth course,
The growth of interface thickening would not be influenced by connecing film, and during final-period management, there is no need to film tyings of lightening restrictions on, it is possible to reduce when management
Between.
Using above-mentioned engrafting method, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: it is low to overcome existing Chinese chestnut engrafting method survival rate, lead to
It crosses dormant period clip scion and increases stock and scion forming layer contact surface, improve technical method, reach graft union and heal,
The effect of high survival rate, while binding method is improved, final-period management recruitment is few.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is Chinese chestnut branch stem cross-sectional structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is that stock of the present invention cuts schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is that schematic diagram is cut in scion of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is that long inclined-plane front schematic view is cut in scion of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is that short inclined-plane front schematic view is cut in scion of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is juncture schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is that present invention binding 1-2 encloses schematic diagram；
Fig. 8 is that the present invention the 3rd encloses improving bud grafting schematic diagram；
Fig. 9 is after present invention binding the 3rd is enclosed, and one end overturning of reserved 16-20cm covers clip mode above scion and illustrates
Figure；
Figure 10 is the 4th circle of present invention binding and knot tying fashion schematic diagram.
In figure: 1 stock, 2 scion, 3 xylems, 4 forming layers, 5 basts, 6 long inclined-planes, 7 short inclined-planes, 8 wider formation
Layer, 9 prune that the exposed bast of epidermis, 10 buds, 11 stocks cut mouth, 12 stocks cut xylem, 13 stocks that facet is cut and cut
It cuts cortex, 14 grafting membranes, 15 grafting membranes that facet leaves and reserves one end of 16-20cm, 16 grafting membrane knots.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment
The present embodiment the technical solution adopted is that: a kind of Chinese chestnut tree nursery engrafting method of high-survival rate, including following step
It is rapid:
Step 1, stock are cultivated: First Year autumn harvests the sufficiently mature seed of local Castanea mollissima tree, sand storage storage, second year
Early spring seeding and seedling raising, the transplanting of mid or late April seedbed, 10 × 30 cm of planting density reinforce fertilizer and water management, make seedling annual growth
Rugosity reaches 0.7 cm or more, is grafted for spring in third year；
Step 2, scion clip: it is excellent to choose various characters in early Febuary, clip when Chinese chestnut sap does not flow completely for selection of time
The fruiting single plant of the red kind of good hair plates, clip tree body middle and upper part bud eye is full, growth key is strong, no disease and pests harm branch, into
The storage of row sand storage；
Step 3, sand storage storage: in ground kiln ditching, scion is buried with clean thin river sand, husky humidity is to hold into
Group lets go and scatters preferably, and buried depth is 20cm or more；
Step 4, grafting time determine: selection early March, sap start to flow, and tree body starts to be grafted when rudiment；
Step 5, grafting tool prepare: shrub and hedge trimmer, grafting knife, grafting membrane, sharp, the grafting membrane of grafting knife polishing are got out before grafting
Elastic good, with a thickness of 0.01mm micro- thick, new plastic film is selected, the grafting membrane of width about 2cm, length about 60cm are cut into
14；
Step 6, stock are cut: stock 1 being truncated away from the smooth place ground 5-8cm, scabbles port, surveys slightly band from section one with knife
Xylem 3 vertically cuts about 2.5cm, cuts off the xylem 12 of facet institute band, retains cortex 13, section is flat and smooth, and a knife is cut
At slightly with xylem 3 when cutting, then forming layer 4 and bast 5 are wider, then are conducive to grafting survival；
Step 7, scion are cut: being played knife at the side lower end about 0.8cm of scion bud with grafting knife, cut to end band xylem 3
At the smooth long inclined-plane 6 long 2.5cm or so, another side is whittled into the short inclined-plane 7 of long 1cm or so, short inclined-plane 7 and scionwood 2
About at 50 ° of angles, eliminate the epidermis for being about 1.2cm, width about 0.5cm cortex of 7 top of short inclined-plane at long 6 back side of inclined-plane, exposing compared with
Wide bast 9 retains 1 full bud 10, and from bud upper end, about 1cm is cut as a scion 2, is about 4.5cm, and section is flat
Whole smooth, a knife is whittled into；
Step 8, engagement: the long inclined-plane 6 of scion 2 cut is inserted into stock notch 11 inwards, and the forming layer of two sides is aligned,
If scion 2 is different with the kerf width of stock 1, it can be directed at one side forming layer, the cortex 13 of stock notch facet will be covered on
On the bast 9 exposed on the upside of the short inclined-plane 7 of scion and short inclined-plane 7, the depth that scion 2 is inserted into is exposed about with long 6 upper end of inclined-plane
Subject to 0.3cm；
Step 9, binding: 16-20cm15 is reserved in 14 one end of grafting membrane, is bound since interface lower section, binds 4 circles altogether, the
1-2 circle ties scion 2 and the circle sealing graft union of stock the 1, the 3rd, and binding the 3rd is upward by one end of reserved 16-20cm after enclosing
Overturning, covers clip above scion, then is turned to below interface, and the 4th circle is compacted into, and carries out knotting 16, in process of binding
In elastic appropriateness, not folded grafting membrane；
Step 10, managing after grafting: after grafting, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and fertilizer and water management are carried out in time, the bud of pumping is sprouted on stock
It erases in time, after 30 days, if tie up thickening growth at film influence binding, film tying is tied up in release, in order to avoid influence scion growth.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of Chinese chestnut tree engrafting method of high-survival rate, which is characterized in that specifically includes the following steps:
Step 1, Root-stock selection: stock grafting the previous year will strengthen management, and keep its growth vigorous, select rugosity for 0.7-
2.5cm, 1-3 raw Chinese chestnut tree seedling or high grafting；
Step 2, scion clip: selection of time before in late January to mid-February, sap does not flow (grafting first 25 days or so) cut
It takes, chooses the fruiting single plant of the excellent Chinese chestnut tree kind of various characters, clip tree body middle and upper part bud eye is full, growth key is strong,
The annual spring tip of no disease and pests harm, sand storage storage；
Step 3, sand storage storage: kiln or indoor ditching on ground bury scion with clean thin river sand, husky humidity is with hand
Hold it is agglomerating, let go and scatter preferably, buried depth be 20cm or more；
Step 4, grafting time determination: selecting on March, the middle ten days, and sap starts to flow, and tree body starts to be grafted when rudiment；
Step 5, grafting tool prepare: getting out shrub and hedge trimmer, grafting knife, grafting membrane before grafting, grafting knife will polish sharp, cut
Bevel notch wants smooth, smooth when cutting, and a knife is whittled into, and grafting membrane selects elastic good, with a thickness of 0.01mm micro- thick, new plastic
Film is cut into the grafting membrane that width is 1.8-2.5cm, length 50-65cm；
Step 6, stock are cut: stock being done smooth place away from ground 5-8cm or high grafting and is truncated, port is scabbled, with knife from section
Side slightly band xylem vertically cuts 2-2.5cm or so, cuts off the xylem of facet institute band, retains cortex, and section is smooth；
Step 7, scion are cut: being played knife at the side lower end 0.5-1cm of scion bud with grafting knife, cut to end band xylem
At the smooth long inclined-plane long 2.5cm or so, another side is whittled into the short inclined-plane of long 1cm or so, short inclined-plane and scionwood about at
50 ° of angles eliminate the epidermis for being about 1.2cm, width about 0.5cm cortex above the short inclined-plane at the long inclined-plane back side, expose more bast
Portion retains 1 full bud, and from bud upper end, 1-1.2cm is cut as a scion, is about 4.5cm；
Step 8, engagement: the long inclined-plane of the scion cut is inserted into inwards in stock notch, and the forming layer of two sides is aligned, if
Scion is different with the kerf width of stock, can be directed at one side forming layer, it is short tiltedly that the cortex of stock notch facet will be covered on scion
On the bast exposed on the upside of face and short inclined-plane, the depth of scion insertion exposes 0.2-0.4cm with the long inclined-plane upper end of scion and is
Preferably；
Step 9, binding: 16-20cm is reserved in grafting membrane one end, is bound since interface lower section, binds 4 circles, 1-2 altogether
Circle ties scion and stock, the 3rd circle sealing graft union, and one end of reserved 16-20cm is flipped up after enclosing, covers by binding the 3rd
Clip above good scion, then be turned to below interface, the 4th circle is compacted into, and is knotted, elastic suitable in process of binding
Degree not fold grafting membrane；
Step 10, managing after grafting: after grafting, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and fertilizer and water management are carried out in time, the bud of pumping is sprouted on stock
It to erase in time, after 30 days, if tie up thickening growth at film influence binding, film tying is tied up in release, in order to avoid influence scion growth.
Contain a large amount of tanning matter 2. being directed in Chinese chestnut branch stem, easy to oxidize, obstruction healing after wound is cut in grafting, and use is existing
Chinese chestnut engrafting method, survival rate is low, and the present invention is opened by the scion of dormant period clip, ground kiln or indoor sand storage storage, stock sap
Begin to be grafted when flowing, scion sap does not flow completely when grafting, and tanning matter is less, and increases stock and scion contact
The method of area promotes graft union to survive.
3. a kind of Chinese chestnut tree engrafting method of high-survival rate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 1, stock choosing
Select: stock grafting the previous year will strengthen management, and keep its growth vigorous, select rugosity for 0.7-2.5cm, 1-3 raw local
Chinese chestnut seedling or high grafting.
4. a kind of Chinese chestnut tree engrafting method of high-survival rate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 2, scion are cut
In taking, the scion before in late January to mid-February, sap does not flow (grafting preceding 25 days or so) clip, sand storage store, be
Grafting provides the scion that sap does not flow.
5. a kind of Chinese chestnut tree engrafting method of high-survival rate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 5, grafting work
During tool prepares, the grafting membrane selects elastic good, with a thickness of 0.01mm micro- thick, new plastic film, and being cut into width is
1.8-2.5cm, the grafting membrane of length 50-65cm.
6. a kind of Chinese chestnut tree engrafting method of high-survival rate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 6, stock are cut
It hits, it is described vertically to cut 2-2.5cm or so from section side slightly band xylem with grafting knife, cut off the wood of facet institute band
Matter portion retains cortex, and stock can provide the forming layer of larger area when engaging for grafting.
7. a kind of Chinese chestnut tree engrafting method of high-survival rate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 7, scion are cut
It hits, it is described to play knife at the side lower end 0.5-1cm of scion bud with grafting knife, it is whittled into end band xylem one long
2.5cm or so smooth long inclined-plane, another side are whittled into the short inclined-plane of long 1cm or so, and short inclined-plane and scionwood are cut about at 50 ° of angles
Except the epidermis for being about 1.2cm, width about 0.5cm cortex above the short inclined-plane at the long inclined-plane back side, expose more bast, for grafting
Scion can provide the bast of larger area when engagement.
8. a kind of Chinese chestnut tree engrafting method of high-survival rate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 7, engagement
In, the long inclined-plane of scion that will have been cut is inserted into inwards in stock notch, and the cortex of stock notch facet will be covered on scion
On the bast exposed on the upside of short inclined-plane and short inclined-plane, such engagement, forming layer, the bast of stock forming layer and scion is connect
Contacting surface is big.
9. a kind of Chinese chestnut tree engrafting method of high-survival rate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 9, binding
In, 16-20cm is reserved in described grafting membrane one end, is bound since interface lower section, binds 4 circles altogether, and 1-2 circle ties
Reserved one end 16-20cm is flipped up after enclosing, covers in scion by scion and stock, the 3rd circle sealing graft union, binding the 3rd
Face clip, then be turned to below interface, the 4th circle is compacted into, and is knotted, in process of binding elastic appropriateness, not roll over
Folded grafting membrane.
10. a kind of Chinese chestnut tree engrafting method of high-survival rate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 5, grafting
During tool prepares, the grafting membrane is thin, elasticity is good, and in step 9, binding, the total binding 4 is enclosed, and binding circle number is few, does not roll over
Folded, in such grafting growth course, the growth of interface thickening would not be influenced by connecing film, during final-period management, there is no need to
It lightens restrictions on film tying, it is possible to reduce the management time.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110506522A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2019-11-29 | 河南省林业科学研究院 | A kind of wax plum grafting of tender branch method |
| CN115024105A (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2022-09-09 | 河北省林业和草原技术推广总站 | Method for whole-crown lower branch-supplementing, optimizing, updating and transforming chestnut tree |
| CN115067089A (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-09-20 | 陈淮安 | Single-bud bark grafting method for woody plants |
| CN115250821A (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2022-11-01 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Method for cultivating self-rooted seedlings of Chinese chestnut varieties |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110506522A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2019-11-29 | 河南省林业科学研究院 | A kind of wax plum grafting of tender branch method |
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| CN115067089A (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-09-20 | 陈淮安 | Single-bud bark grafting method for woody plants |
| CN115250821A (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2022-11-01 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Method for cultivating self-rooted seedlings of Chinese chestnut varieties |
| CN115250821B (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2023-09-01 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Cultivation method of Chinese chestnut variety self-rooted seedlings |
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