CN104186217A - Top-grafting seed-change method for mature low-yield castanea mollissima blume - Google Patents
Top-grafting seed-change method for mature low-yield castanea mollissima blume Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a top-grafting seed-change method for mature low-yield castanea mollissima blume. The top-grafting seed-change method comprises the following steps: scion treatment, tree stock treatment, grafting, section treatment, and management after grafting, the position, back to the tree stock, of the scion is slightly scraped until the green tender bark is exposed; the periphery of the cross section of the tree bark is subjected to smoothening treatment and the grafting cross section is coated with news paper for absorbing moisture; the grafting survival rate reaches over 95%, plant disease and insect pest infection does not exist and the defects that the survival rate is lower, and the plant disease and insect pests are serious in the conventional castanea mollissima blume top-grafting seed-change are overcome.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of grafting method, be specifically related to the top grafting method for changing species of Chinese chestnut.
Background technology
Chinese chestnut (
castanea mollissimablume), having another name called chestnut, Chinese Chestnut, is Fagaceae Castanea, originates in China, is distributed in Vietnam, Taiwan and CONTINENTAL AREA OF CHINA, grows in the area of height above sea level 370m～2800m, is more common in mountain region, by artificial extensively cultivation.Chestnut is nutritious, and Vitamin C content is abundant, and mineral matter is comprehensive, belongs to extraordinary dry fruit seeds.
For a long time due to the Chinese chestnut reasons such as cultivation, kind are bad, extensive management of growing directly from seeds, present gradually tree vigo(u)r weak, the phenomenons such as damage by disease and insect is more, cause yielding poorly, poor quality, low in economic efficiency, serious contusion orchard worker's cultivation enthusiasm, therefore, realize that Chinese chestnut veteran is optimized, rejuvenation is upgraded and had important practical significance.To becoming inferior strain, the bad tree of Low-yielding Chinese Chestnut Plantations woods in age to carry out high-grafting grafting, kind is upgraded, and can make full use of existing resource, survival rate is high, method is simple, compare with reconstructing the new garden of Chinese chestnut, small investment, instant effect, be into one of major measure of Low-yielding Chinese Chestnut Plantations woods transformation in age.Existing high-grafting technology exists and because humidity and temperature is large, causes the disconnected cross section of stock to rot, be difficult for forming the problems such as callus, while changing kind for thick higher trunk in addition, there is the defect that graft survival rate is low, therefore find a kind of by graft survival rate be nearly increased to 100% and simple and easy to operate change kind of grafting method be this area in the urgent need to.Summary of the invention
The present invention has adopted following top grafting method for changing species to realize the problems referred to above that will solve.
The selection of scion: fringe bar gathered in Chinese chestnut resting stage, selects annual growth is enriched, health is sturdy, sprout the is full fresh branch in middle and upper part as scion, and descending branch, very thin branch, deadwood, sick branch all can not be used as scion.
The processing of scion: scion length is 10cm～15cm, rugosity requires 0.7cm～1.2cm, retains 2～3 full buds in each scion.Fresh scion is quickly dipped sealing wax in 60 ℃ of fusing point paraffin, ties and imbed in wet fine sand or wet towel, In Shade standby.
The processing of stock: grafting mouth ground height is controlled in 0.5m～1.2m, and position is too high, and scion young sprout is easily broken by windbreak.Level and smooth sawed-off with damage by disease and insect place without scabbing at trunk with chain saw, scabble saw kerf surrounding hair stubble, guarantee that saw kerf is smoothly neat.
Grafting time was advisable when resin starts to flow with mid-March to early April, and stock should carry out grafting after sawing out cross section immediately.Concrete grafting method is as follows:
1) in the lower end of scion, cut the horse ear shape inclined-plane of a long 4cm～6cm, the little inclined-plane of 0.2cm～0.5cm is cut in below in the back side, inclined-plane, the old cortex in side is pruned gently simultaneously, expose green tender skin, the length of tender skin is consistent with the length on inclined-plane.
2) stock cross section is arranged level and smooth, with grafting knife, following 10cm left and right, cross section bark is removed to clean (when guaranteeing to wrap up sealing and remove pathogen and injure).At graft position, to longitudinally partial application below stock, deeply reach xylem, length is only less than the length on scion inclined-plane.
3) adopt cortex grafting method, scion lower end is inserted gently in the gap of bar shaped cortex upper end, xylem is aimed on the inclined-plane of scion, and green tender skin is aimed at bar shaped cortex, and the degree of depth that bar shaped cortex is inserted in scion is consistent with chamfer length.
4) before wrapping, with newspaper, stock cross section is covered, then use the complete covering grafting of polyethylene film wound, with plastic cord, along trunk, polyethylene film is fixed.
The scion amount in each cross section is determined according to section diameter, and diameter connects 1 fringe below 5cm, and diameter is at 2 fringes that connect of 5cm～10cm, and diameter is in available 3～4 scion of 10cm～20cm.
Managing after grafting is adopted with the following method:
1) in time except sprouting.After intercepting stock, before stock and scion healing tissue development, due to nutrient, concentrate and can cause kryptoblast to be sprouted in a large number, adhere to " except early, except little, except " principle, erase in time the sprout tillers on stock, prevent and scion contention nutrient.
2) set up windproof post.When young sprout grows to 15cm left and right, tie up in time windproof post.One, pillar inserts underground or is banded in (interface is following) on master branch, by tiing up on pillar of young sprout pine pine, in case windbreak., along with constantly the growing tall of young sprout, every 20cm～30cm, tie up together later.
3) membrane removal in good time ungirds.When young sprout grows to 20cm～25cm, (apart from grafting time 30d left and right), should cut off the plastic film chip near scion one side, and scion is combined with the callus of stock, in order to avoid form interlayer.Ungird and carry out at twice, lighten restrictions on for the 1st time, ungird for the 2nd time, the ankle injury young sprout base portion late that prevents from ungirding, but also too early unsuitable.
4) pinching in good time.In order to promote grafting tree multi-branched to be early shaped, increase lignification.When young sprout grows into 60cm, carry out in time pinching, impel pumping Secondary Branch.
5) pruning.When Secondary Branch grows to 10cm～20cm, stay export-oriented branch, erase interior to branch, intersect branch, promote export-oriented branch growth.By pruning vegetative period, make Chinese chestnut form ahead of time natural open centre shape skeleton.Then resting stage, also to cut or supplementary pruning of the irrational branch work of layout leaking vegetative period.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: adopt this method to becoming the survival rate high (reaching more than 95%) of low yield Chinese chestnut grafting in age, damage by disease and insect infects less, after grafting, soon, tree crown shaping and result are early in chestnut growth.General First Year high connecing in spring, Second Year starts result, as manages properly, and third and fourth year can normally go into operation.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Prepare annual growth is enriched, health is sturdy, sprout the is full fresh branch in middle and upper part as scion, scion length is 10cm, and rugosity 0.5cm～0.7cm retains 2 full buds in each scion.Fresh scion is quickly dipped sealing wax in 60 ℃ of fusing point paraffin, ties and imbed in wet fine sand or wet towel, In Shade standby.108 strains of stock quantity, are controlled at 1.0m left and right by grafting mouth ground height, level and smooth sawed-off with damage by disease and insect place without scabbing at trunk with chain saw, scabble saw kerf surrounding hair stubble, guarantee that saw kerf is smoothly neat, diameter of section 5cm left and right.
Grafting time March 24.Concrete grafting method is as follows:
1) in the lower end of scion, cut the horse ear shape inclined-plane of a long 5cm, the little inclined-plane of 0.2cm is cut in below in the back side, inclined-plane, the old cortex in side is pruned gently simultaneously, expose green tender skin, the length of tender skin is consistent with the length on inclined-plane.
2) stock cross section is arranged smoothly, with grafting knife, following 10cm left and right, cross section bark is removed clean.At graft position, to longitudinally partial application below stock, deeply reach xylem, length is only less than the length on scion inclined-plane.
3) adopt cortex grafting method, scion lower end is inserted gently in the gap of bar shaped cortex upper end, the inclined-plane of scion is facing to xylem, and green tender skin is facing to bar shaped cortex, and the degree of depth that bar shaped cortex is inserted in scion is consistent with chamfer length.2 fringes are inserted in every cross section.
4) before wrapping, with newspaper, stock cross section is covered, then use the complete covering grafting of plastic film wound, with plastic cord, along trunk, plastic film is fixed.
After grafting, in time except sprouting, set up windproof post.When young sprout grows to 15cm left and right, tie up in time windproof post.One, pillar inserts underground or is banded in (interface is following) on master branch, by tiing up on pillar of young sprout pine pine, in case windbreak., along with constantly the growing tall of young sprout, every 20cm, tie up together later.Membrane removal in good time ungirds.When young sprout grows to 20cm, the nylon film sheet near scion one side should be cut off, scion is combined with the callus of stock, in order to avoid form interlayer.Ungird and carry out at twice, lighten restrictions on for the 1st time, ungird for the 2nd time, ankle injury young sprout base portion late prevents from ungirding.When young sprout grows into 60cm, carry out pinching, impel pumping Secondary Branch.When Secondary Branch grows to 10cm, stay export-oriented branch, erase interior to branch, intersect branch, promote export-oriented branch growth.Resting stage cuts or supplementary pruning of the irrational branch work of layout leaking vegetative period.
Graft survival rate by the method can reach 98% left and right.
Embodiment 2
Prepare annual growth is enriched, health is sturdy, sprout the is full fresh branch in middle and upper part as scion, scion length is 13cm, and rugosity 1cm retains 3 full buds in each scion.Fresh scion is quickly dipped sealing wax in 60 ℃ of fusing point paraffin, ties and imbed in wet fine sand or wet towel, In Shade standby.Graft stock 112 strains, grafting mouth ground height is controlled at 0.8m.Level and smooth sawed-off with damage by disease and insect place without scabbing at trunk with chain saw, scabble saw kerf surrounding hair stubble, guarantee that saw kerf is smoothly neat.Diameter of section 10cm.
Grafting time March 31, concrete grafting method is as follows:
1) in the lower end of scion, cut the horse ear shape inclined-plane of a long 4cm, the little inclined-plane of 0.3cm is cut in below in the back side, inclined-plane, the old cortex in side is pruned gently simultaneously, expose green tender skin, the length of tender skin is consistent with the length on inclined-plane.
2) stock cross section is arranged smoothly, with grafting knife, following 10cm left and right, cross section bark is removed clean.At graft position, to longitudinally partial application below stock, deeply reach xylem, length is only less than the length on scion inclined-plane.
3) adopt cortex grafting method, scion lower end is inserted gently in the gap of bar shaped cortex upper end, the inclined-plane of scion is facing to xylem, and green tender skin is facing to bar shaped cortex, and the degree of depth that bar shaped cortex is inserted in scion is consistent with chamfer length.3 scion of every cross section grafting.
4) before wrapping, with newspaper, stock cross section is covered, then use the complete covering grafting of plastic film wound, with plastic cord, along trunk, plastic film is fixed.
After grafting, in time except sprouting, set up windproof post.When young sprout grows to 15cm left and right, tie up in time windproof post.One, pillar inserts underground or is banded in (interface is following) on master branch, by tiing up on pillar of young sprout pine pine, in case windbreak., along with constantly the growing tall of young sprout, every 23cm, tie up together later.Membrane removal in good time ungirds.When young sprout grows to 20cm, the nylon film sheet near scion one side should be cut off, scion is combined with the callus of stock, in order to avoid form interlayer.Ungird and carry out at twice, lighten restrictions on for the 1st time, ungird for the 2nd time, ankle injury young sprout base portion late prevents from ungirding.When young sprout grows into 60cm, carry out pinching, impel pumping Secondary Branch.When Secondary Branch grows to 15cm, stay export-oriented branch, erase interior to branch, intersect branch, promote export-oriented branch growth.Resting stage cuts or supplementary pruning of the irrational branch work of layout leaking vegetative period.
Final statistics, the graft survival rate by the method can reach 97% left and right.
Embodiment 3
The fresh branch in middle and upper part that select annual growth to enrich, health is sturdy, sprout is full is as scion, and descending branch, very thin branch, deadwood, sick branch all can not be used as scion.Scion length 15cm, rugosity 1.2cm, retains 3 full buds in each scion.Fresh scion is quickly dipped sealing wax in 60 ℃ of fusing point paraffin, ties and imbed in wet fine sand or wet towel, In Shade standby.
Select stock 90 strains, grafting mouth ground height is controlled at 1.2m.Level and smooth sawed-off with damage by disease and insect place without scabbing at trunk with chain saw, scabble saw kerf surrounding hair stubble, guarantee that saw kerf is smoothly neat.Diameter of section 20cm.
Grafting time April 3.Concrete grafting method is as follows:
1) in the lower end of scion, cut the horse ear shape inclined-plane of a 4.5cm, the little inclined-plane of 0.5cm is cut in below in the back side, inclined-plane, the old cortex in side is pruned gently simultaneously, expose green tender skin, the length of tender skin is consistent with the length on inclined-plane.
2) stock cross section is arranged smoothly, with grafting knife, following 10cm left and right, cross section bark is removed to clean (to guarantee wrapping sealing and the injury of removal pathogen).At graft position, to longitudinally partial application below stock, deeply reach xylem, length is only less than the length on scion inclined-plane.
3) adopt cortex grafting method, scion lower end is inserted gently in the gap of bar shaped cortex upper end, the inclined-plane of scion is facing to xylem, and green tender skin is facing to bar shaped cortex, and the degree of depth that bar shaped cortex is inserted in scion is consistent with chamfer length.3 of every cross section grafting fringes.
4) before wrapping, with newspaper, stock cross section is covered, then use the complete covering grafting of plastic film wound, with plastic cord, along trunk, plastic film is fixed.
After grafting, in time except sprouting, set up windproof post.When young sprout grows to 15cm left and right, tie up in time windproof post.One, pillar inserts underground or is banded in (interface is following) on master branch, by tiing up on pillar of young sprout pine pine, in case windbreak., along with constantly the growing tall of young sprout, every 25cm, tie up together later.Membrane removal in good time ungirds.When young sprout grows to 25cm, the nylon film sheet near scion one side should be cut off, scion is combined with the callus of stock, in order to avoid form interlayer.Ungird and carry out at twice, lighten restrictions on for the 1st time, ungird for the 2nd time, ankle injury young sprout base portion late prevents from ungirding.When young sprout grows into 60cm, carry out pinching, impel pumping Secondary Branch.When Secondary Branch grows to 20cm, stay export-oriented branch, erase interior to branch, intersect branch, promote export-oriented branch growth.Resting stage cuts or supplementary pruning of the irrational branch work of layout leaking vegetative period.
Graft survival rate by the method can reach 95% left and right.
The affect comparative trial of the different stock processing modes of table 1 on survival rate
Claims (1)
1. the top grafting method for changing species of a Chinese chestnut, comprise scion processing, stock processing, grafting, section processing and connect the steps such as rear management, wherein fringe bar will be in Chinese chestnut resting stage collection, the fresh branch in middle and upper part that select annual growth to enrich, health is sturdy, sprout is full is as scion, scion length is 10cm～15cm, rugosity 0.7cm～1.2cm, retains 2～3 full buds in each scion; Fresh scion is quickly dipped sealing wax in the paraffin of 60 ℃ of fusing points, ties and imbed in wet fine sand or wet towel, In Shade standby; The grafting mouth ground height of stock is controlled in 0.5m～1.2m, with chain saw trunk level and smooth without scabbing, sawed-off without damage by disease and insect place, scabble saw kerf surrounding hair stubble, guarantee that saw kerf is smoothly neat; Grafting time with mid-March to early April;
It is characterized in that, concrete grafting method is as follows:
1) in the lower end of scion, cut the horse ear shape inclined-plane of a long 4cm～6cm, the little inclined-plane of 0.2cm～0.5cm is cut in below in the back side, inclined-plane, the old cortex in side is pruned gently simultaneously, expose green tender skin, the length of tender skin is consistent with the length on inclined-plane;
2) stock cross section is arranged level and smooth, with grafting knife, following 10cm left and right, cross section bark is removed clean, at graft position to longitudinal partial application below stock, deeply reach xylem, length is only less than the length on scion inclined-plane, with cutter, to both sides Qing Bo skin zone, makes it slight perk;
3) adopt cortex grafting method, scion lower end is inserted gently in the gap of bar shaped cortex upper end, the inclined-plane of scion is facing to xylem, and green tender skin is facing to bar shaped cortex, and the degree of depth that bar shaped cortex is inserted in scion is consistent with chamfer length;
4) before wrapping, with newspaper, stock cross section is covered, then use the complete covering grafting of polyethylene film wound, with plastic cord, along trunk, polyethylene film is fixed;
The scion amount in each cross section is determined according to section diameter, and diameter connects 1 fringe below 5cm, and diameter is at 2 fringes that connect of 5cm～10cm, and diameter is in available 3～4 scion of 10cm～20cm;
5) after grafting, remove and sprout in time, set up windproof post; When young sprout grows to 15cm left and right, tie up in time windproof post; One, pillar inserts underground or is banded on master branch, by tiing up on pillar of young sprout pine pine, along with constantly the growing tall of young sprout, every 20cm～30cm, ties up together later; When young sprout grows to 20 cm～25cm, the plastic film chip near scion one side should be cut off, scion is combined with the callus of stock, in order to avoid form interlayer; Ungird and carry out at twice, lighten restrictions on for the 1st time, ungird for the 2nd time; When young sprout grows into 60cm, carry out in time pinching, impel pumping Secondary Branch; When Secondary Branch grows to 10cm～20cm, stay export-oriented branch, erase interior to branch, intersect branch, promote export-oriented branch growth; Then resting stage, also to cut or supplementary pruning of the irrational branch work of layout leaking vegetative period.
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| CN106358774A (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-02-01 | 曹淑云 | Chinese chestnut big-tree top-grafting method |
| CN107251835A (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2017-10-17 | 韦健 | A kind of selection of high-quality Chinese Chestnut New Lines |
| CN107278748A (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2017-10-24 | 韦健 | An a kind of high position changes kind of a method for technological transformation low yield Chinese chestnut |
| CN107333613A (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2017-11-10 | 长沙瑞和园农业科技有限公司 | A kind of inoculation method of big oiled-plate method chestnut |
| CN107371828A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2017-11-24 | 北京中农富通园艺有限公司 | A kind of method with overlength scion grafting renovation fruit tree |
| CN107517746A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2017-12-29 | 太湖县香茗山生态果品科技园有限公司 | The high-survival rate grafting of jujube tree |
| CN107864759A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-04-03 | 中南林业科技大学 | A kind of engrafting method of chinquapin |
| CN108307837A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-07-24 | 张掖市华峰农业开发有限责任公司 | A kind of slotting skin engrafting method of nursery stock |
| CN108450215A (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2018-08-28 | 山东省果树研究所 | A kind of grafting of interwined dragon chestnut, shaping and pruning method |
| CN108834605A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-11-20 | 迁西县安立春板栗技术服务部（普通合伙） | A kind of Chinese chestnut retention nutrient engrafting method |
| CN108848985A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-11-23 | 信宜市林业科学研究所 | A kind of masson pine height, which connects, changes hat technology |
| CN109496581A (en) * | 2019-01-27 | 2019-03-22 | 左齐 | A kind of Chinese chestnut tree engrafting method of high-survival rate |
| CN110876307A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-03-13 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Grafting method for dwarfing Chinese chestnut |
| CN113475252A (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-10-08 | 湖南省林业科学院 | Method for improving low-yield Chinese chestnut forest |
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| CN107251835A (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2017-10-17 | 韦健 | A kind of selection of high-quality Chinese Chestnut New Lines |
| CN107278748A (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2017-10-24 | 韦健 | An a kind of high position changes kind of a method for technological transformation low yield Chinese chestnut |
| CN106358774A (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-02-01 | 曹淑云 | Chinese chestnut big-tree top-grafting method |
| CN107333613A (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2017-11-10 | 长沙瑞和园农业科技有限公司 | A kind of inoculation method of big oiled-plate method chestnut |
| CN107371828A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2017-11-24 | 北京中农富通园艺有限公司 | A kind of method with overlength scion grafting renovation fruit tree |
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| CN107864759A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-04-03 | 中南林业科技大学 | A kind of engrafting method of chinquapin |
| CN108450215A (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2018-08-28 | 山东省果树研究所 | A kind of grafting of interwined dragon chestnut, shaping and pruning method |
| CN108450215B (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2020-06-30 | 山东省果树研究所 | Grafting, shaping and trimming method for Chinese chestnut |
| CN108307837A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-07-24 | 张掖市华峰农业开发有限责任公司 | A kind of slotting skin engrafting method of nursery stock |
| CN108848985A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-11-23 | 信宜市林业科学研究所 | A kind of masson pine height, which connects, changes hat technology |
| CN108834605A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-11-20 | 迁西县安立春板栗技术服务部（普通合伙） | A kind of Chinese chestnut retention nutrient engrafting method |
| CN109496581A (en) * | 2019-01-27 | 2019-03-22 | 左齐 | A kind of Chinese chestnut tree engrafting method of high-survival rate |
| CN110876307A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-03-13 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Grafting method for dwarfing Chinese chestnut |
| CN113475252A (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-10-08 | 湖南省林业科学院 | Method for improving low-yield Chinese chestnut forest |
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