CN102577898B - The method and its application that apple nursery stock is bred - Google Patents
The method and its application that apple nursery stock is bred Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method that apple nursery stock is bred, it is characterised in that comprises the following steps：(1) selection of stock and scion；(2) stock and scion are stored；(3) processing before grafting；(4) scion grafting is carried out；(5) crop field cuttage；(6) until seedling.It is an advantage of the invention that：1st, change simple bud and be connected in scion grafting, the long important and influential persons of scion grafting is considerably better than simple bud spreading gesture.2nd, half seedling raise period is shortened；Reduce production cost；(3) batch production lot-size nursery is realized.3rd, intermediate stock nursery stock is changed to nourish and generate by base anvil seminal propagation, all vegetative multiplication on seedling-wood breeding, so as to ensure that the upper tree body size of production cultivation is relatively uniform, because seedling raise period shortens, application speed of the China in the common nursery stock of apple and the nutrition root system nursery stock of intermediate stock is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of mating system of forestry fruit tree nursery stock, the method that specifically apple nursery stock is bred.
Background technology
At present, China is bred in the nursery of the common nursery stock of apple and intermediate stock, and base anvil is all to carry out breeding with seed to educate
Seedling, the most frequently used base anvil is Mains micromalus etc., is all cross-pollinatd plant, and its seedlings segregation phenomenon of growing directly from seeds is extremely serious,
Show as varied.Intermediate stock and Grafted Variety are grafted onto the plant come out with seed growing, also necessarily lead to different
Influence, cause tree body not of uniform size, garden looks are irregular.If selection adaptation is good, strong stress resistance, yielding ability is high, and with
Between anvil and the excellent base anvil of kind affinity, bred with the method nourished and generated, the root system that grows directly from seeds replaced with stem source root system, so
The seedling growth bred out is neat, and size is relatively uniform.Therefore, apple nursery stock base anvil is bred from seed (sexual) and be changed into nutrition
(asexual) breeds, i.e., all vegetative multiplication on seedling-wood breeding, so as to ensure that the upper tree body size of production cultivation is relatively uniform, has
Very important production meaning, it will cause the major transformation of China's apple nursery system and production cultivation.
The content of the invention
To overcome apple nursery stock Seedling propagation, the shortcomings that individual segregation phenomenon is serious, the present invention provides a kind of apple nursery stock
The new method bred and application, according to Japanese roundleaf Malus spectabilis, there is certain dwarfing habit, integrate strong stress resistance, branch is easy
Take root, well developed root system, be that base anvil, Some Strains of Fuji etc. produces cultivar using Japanese roundleaf Malus spectabilis the characteristics of suitable cutting propagation
For scion, using first grafting kind, then field cuttage, stem source root system nursery stock is bred out.Either for tall anvil certainly
Root system seedling-wood breeding, or clone intermediate stock downgrade nursery stock breed it is all significant.The technical scheme is that：
A kind of method that apple nursery stock is bred, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) selection of stock and scion；(2) stock and scion are stored；(3) processing before grafting；(4) branch is carried out
Connect；(5) crop field cuttage；(6) until seedling.
Stock in described step (1) is Japanese roundleaf Malus spectabilis, after fallen leaves, sturdy branch is selected, according to stock
It is required that cut, length 15-25cm or so, make the identical carry out bundling of direction of the sprout of every branch, under the branch
End can be whittled into wedge shape, often tie 20, stored；Described scion is apple nursery stock commercial variety in production.
Described step (2) is described stock and scion is sand storage or fresh-keeping warehouse storage, when scion is sand storage, scion
Storage temperature will be less than stock storage temperature, the germination of scion is later than taking root for stock, the tool of described stock sand storage
Body method is：Nurse is easy in selection one, the place of in the shade not water digs storage ditch, and makes the temperature and humidity of the storage ditch
Keep stable, the temperature is 0-7 DEG C, is normal phenomenon higher than 7 DEG C because the previous moon temperature of cuttage is due to natural heating, husky
Humidity with hold it is agglomerating be advisable without dripping, storage ditch bottom put the thin river sands of 10-20cm, stock puts one again after putting well
The layer thin river sands of 5-10cm, cover moisturizing thing again thereon, and described moisturizing thing is one kind in wet soil, film or straw grass；It is described to connect
The sand storage method of fringe is identical with stock, but sand storage temperature will be less than the sand storage temperature of stock, so that stock urges root；The stock
With scion when being stored as fresh-keeping warehouse storage, temperature when described fresh-keeping warehouse is stored is 0.5-1 DEG C, humidity 0.95-
0.98RH。
Described stock individual layer or double-deck placement, branch lower end bevel take root place upward.
Described step (3) stock is with scion with grafting again after clear water immersion 12-24 hours.
In described step (4), after scion grafting, scion grafting position is wrapped up with plastic sheeting.
Described step (5) is specially that annual mid or late March carries out cuttage, it is desirable to flattens ground, be whole thin, being covered after pouring water
Mulch film, an osculum is disclosed on mulch film with mock, the stock and scion, scion grafting position inserted after scion grafting is exposed on mulch film, line-spacing
30cm, spacing in the rows 15cm or so, the humidity of soil is set to keep soil moisture content 60-80% after cuttage.
Before cuttage, by root with being soaked in 1000mg/kg IBA liquid the number 2-3 seconds, cuttage should not too deep, depth 7-
12cm, graft union prop up micro-ridge or buckled small arched shed again in one week or so away from ground 5-12cm, and under the position of scion grafting, use
In holding humidity.
The method that described apple nursery stock is bred is in apple clone Qiaoization from root anvil seedling-wood breeding, apple dwarf intermediate stock
Seedling-wood breeding, apple dwarf from root anvil downgrade seedling-wood breeding and it is other it is any can be to be applied on the stock of cutting propagation.
Advantages of the present invention is：
1st, change simple bud and be connected in scion grafting, the long important and influential persons of scion grafting is considerably better than simple bud spreading gesture.
2nd, grafting and field cuttage are synchronously carried out, and benefit is：
(1) shorten half seedling raise period, be changed into from 2 years 1 year；
(2) production cost is reduced.Grafting wants saving of labor than field, while can farm slack season progress in the winter time；
(3) batch production lot-size nursery is realized.
3rd, base anvil is changed to nourish and generate by seminal propagation, apple nursery stock stock is bred from seed (sexual) and is changed into nutrition
(asexual) breeds, i.e., all vegetative multiplication on seedling-wood breeding, so as to ensure that the upper tree body size of production cultivation is relatively uniform, by
Shorten in seedling raise period, increase application speed of the China in the common nursery stock of apple and the nutrition root system nursery stock of intermediate stock.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1：
Application of a kind of method that apple nursery stock is bred in apple clone Qiaoization from root anvil seedling-wood breeding, including following step
Suddenly：
(1) selection of stock and scion：Stock is required to be stored under " heavy snow " is adopted from cutting orchard or tree with scion,
Avoid that freeze injury occurs.Stock is Japanese roundleaf Malus spectabilis, after fallen leaves, selects sturdy branch, is carried out by production requirement 15-25cm
Cut, this length is lost when should add grafting, carries out bundling, often ties 20, not upset polarity, and the sprout of every branch
Direction it is identical, lower end can be cut into wedge shape, be stored；Described scion is Some Strains of Fuji kind cigarette richness 3, actually production at present
The apple variety and stock of cultivation, such as dwarfing rootstock M9, M26, can be bred in this way.
(2) stock and scion are stored：Sand storage is put into fresh-keeping warehouse storage, for stock, the process of storage
The process of root is exactly urged naturally.Storage is one of necessary condition taken root, and it is exactly to carry out nature to carry out sand storage or fresh-keeping warehouse storage
Urge root.When stock is carried out into sand storage, one is selected to be easy to nurse, the place of in the shade not water digs storage ditch, and makes the storage ditch
Temperature and humidity keep stable, the temperature is 0-7 DEG C, husky humidity with hold it is agglomerating be advisable without dripping, in storage ditch
Bottom put the thin river sands of 10-20cm, stock puts the thin river sands of last layer 5-10cm again after putting well, cover wet soil, stock list again thereon
Layer or double-deck, polarity is identical and face-up placement of taking root, because being higher than following, storage above the temperature after March
Process be exactly process that nature urges root.
The storage of scion is stored using fresh-keeping warehouse, and fresh-keeping warehouse temperature is 0.5-1 DEG C, humidity 0.96RH.
It if not cutting into section before the winter, must also be cut in the grafting previous moon, carry out ditch a surname and urge root to handle.Such as
Mid or late March carries out grafting, and mid or late Febuary must carry out cutting processing.
(3) processing before grafting：Stock needs to carry out specific grafting again after first soaking 12-24 hours with clear water with scion.This
It is a very important link, its main function is the dehydration during supplementing its storage, improves and adjusts its physiological function, full
Foot takes root healing to the needs of moisture.
(4) scion grafting is carried out：After abdomen scion grafting is cut, scion grafting position is wrapped up with plastic sheeting.Because after grafting, heal
Preceding required moisture and nutrient are supplied by respective storage.The major advantage of this method is：First, change embedding bud
Simple bud connect, to cut the scion grafting of the 2-3 buds of abdomen.Produce reality proves：It is better than the growing way connect with scion grafting.Scion is kind part
Bigger, growing way just can be relatively better.Possess the good material conditions of cuttage growing way.Second, method is simple, hedge clipper is cut with what is sharpened,
An angle is cut on the top of stock, meanwhile, scion is whittled into two inclined-plane insertions, bud is retained and is used after cutting unnecessary scion
Plastic sheeting is wrapped up (it is expected that aerial part after cuttage) scion and stock.Third, effect is good.Due to being the scion grafting of 2-3 buds
It is bigger than the volume of simple bud, there is the nutritional condition that satisfaction is grown, meanwhile, anvil fringe has sufficiently suctioned moisture again before connecing, and
The wrapping of aerial part is carried out with plastic sheeting, the good environmental condition for keeping moisture is created, greatly meets its life
The internal cause condition and external conditions of root healing.Survival rate is high, and growing way is good.The method of scion grafting is prior art.
(5) crop field cuttage：Specially annual mid or late March carries out cuttage, it is desirable to flattens ground, be whole thin, being covered after pouring water
Unregistered land film.Cover unregistered land film main function temperature raising and moisturizing.The soil moisture is set to be kept for 10-25 DEG C, but key point is：Make elder generation of taking root
In germination.Overlay film can increase ground temperature, it is ensured that root temperature is higher than the temperature of scion；Meanwhile there is good moisture-keeping function, this
Its good environmental condition grown is created in sample one, above and below ground.
The preceding root of cuttage is soaked 2 seconds with 1000mg/kg IBA liquid, discloses an osculum on mulch film with mock, inserts scion grafting
Stock afterwards and scion, scion grafting position are exposed on mulch film, line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 15cm or so, keep water content after cuttage
In hold in range 60-80%.Unsuitable too deep, the depth 7-12cm of cuttage, graft union is away from ground 5-12cm or so, but colony's cuttage
Depth is consistent, between general individual in ± 1cm, and under the position of scion grafting, props up micro-ridge or buckled small bow again in one week or so
Canopy, for keeping humidity.
(6) until seedling.
Growing state is investigated：
Survival rate more than 90%, seedling growth average height are 167cm, and the centimeters diameter rugosity of graft union 5 is
1.62cm (is shown in Table).
Seedling growth situation survey graft time 2010.11.27 then
(7) concrete application in production
A, Japanese roundleaf Malus spectabilis is from root anvil seedling-wood breeding.
With horse back field cuttage after first grafting, i.e. cuttage is carried out simultaneously with grafting, the method disposably completed.It is time-consuming
Few, recruitment is few (also can adjust labour), and production cost is few.It mainly produces meaning and is with one-year age with regard to before breeding out
The nursery stock of phase homogenous quantities could be completed with two years.
According to a conventional method：First field cuttage, after waiting cutting survival, after growing to certain altitude and rugosity, then field grafting is planted
Train kind.And this time-consuming length of method (times of general 2 years), recruitment are more, production cost is big.
With horse back field cuttage after first grafting, i.e. cuttage is carried out, the method disposably completed, bred simultaneously with grafting
Japanese roundleaf Malus spectabilis is from root anvil nursery stock, this basic skills bred.
B, apple dwarf nursery stock breeds.
Short anvil planting culture is Main Cultivation pattern in our times apple production, and the development of China's Apple Culture must
Right direction and trend.With great change of China's apple production to dwarfing stock cultivation mode and aged apple garden it is extensive more
New to regenerate, the application study and its utilization for strengthening Apples Dwarf Stocks have especially important meaning.
At present, apple dwarf nursery stock in China's has dwarfing interstock nursery stock and Dwarf rootstocks nursery stock.Dwarfing interstock nursery stock
It is the grafting dwarfing rootstock scion on base anvil, then the grafting cultivation kind on dwarfing rootstock.Dwarf rootstocks nursery stock is exactly short
Change stock grafting cultivar.Breeding for both nursery stocks can be also carried out using this seedling-wood breeding method.
A. apple dwarf intermediate stock seedling-wood breeding
At present, the base anvil of apple intermediate stock nursery stock has two kind one to grow directly from seeds root system for seed；One is that clone is stem source root system.
From the point of view of production development trend, the latter is more promising, because interindividual variation of nourishing and generating is relatively uniform, early fruiting character is good.
Conventional production routine is：After base anvil seed sowing (grow directly from seeds root system) or branch cutting (stem source root system), certain altitude is grown to
After rugosity, remarry and connect dwarfing rootstock, after waiting dwarfing rootstock to grow to certain height and rugosity, then in grafting cultivation product thereon
Kind.Grafting twice is intended to field completion.Consequently, it is possible to breeding out seedling about needs the time of 3 years or so.But breed method with this to train
Support apple intermediate stock and downgrade nursery stock, seedling raise period and production cost will be greatly reduced, mainly there are two kinds of basic models.
When on Japanese roundleaf Malus spectabilis, dwarfing stock scion cuttage in grafting.Certain altitude grafting again is grown to Deng dwarfing stock
Cultivar.Grafting dwarfing stock scion, waits dwarfing stock to grow to one after this production routine is grown up than Japanese roundleaf Malus spectabilis cuttage
Determine highly to remarry the production routine for connecing cultivar much faster, to save year.
Second, " double-work method " is utilized to breed stem source root system dwarfing interstock nursery stock.It is exactly handle that double-work method, which is exactly,
The original field grafting twice that could be completed in 2 years, it is changed to indoor disposable grafting and completes.I.e. by after dwarfing stock branch section libation at an ancient wedding ceremony wax,
Upper end the lower end base anvil that cuttage is wanted in cleft grafting grafting, is wrapped with cutting after cultivar is also wrapped with film in side grafting with film,
Cuttage is gone to field again.Can breed out conventional method with year can just breed out same size in 2 to three years
Nursery stock, while recruitment is few, substantially reduces production cost.
Using production routine must strict operating technology measure because base anvil, intermediate stock, kind any one go wrong
All influence to survive.Key technology is：Clear water soaks before collection storage, grafting before winter, (to be wanted by first cutting for middle dwarfing stock
The length asked is usually 20-25cm or so), clear water immersion (12-24 is more than hour) again sealing wax order carry out, can not overturn.
So it is easier the holding of moisture.General fruit tree needs the time of a wheat harvesting period from healing is grafted onto.During this period, scion
It cannot get nutrition and the moisture supply of stock, fully rely on itself to maintain, if method is proper, one is formed on the surface of scion
The uniform paraffin of layer, so that it may so that scion moisture evaporation reduces more than 90%, so reach the high mesh of saving of labor, material-saving, survival rate
's.Specifically dipping in wax should carry out at 2 points：
First, to control the temperature of paraffin.Temperature is low, and wax layer is thick, and effect is bad on the contrary, causes consumption wax amount big, cost
Height, Water-saving effect are also poor：Because wax layer thickness easily causes crackle and Water-saving effect is poor.Temperature is too high, then easily causes scald.Most
Suitable temperature is 100 DEG C.This temperature is also easily controlled：Little water is exactly put in paraffin.The boiling point of water is 100 DEG C.
Wax mode is correctly dipped in second, to use.The industrial paraffin of market sale is cut into small pieces, is put in container.And
A small amount of water is put in, when burning 100 DEG C or so, one end of scion is held with hand, is dipped into the paraffin dissolved, and take out immediately
Come, the other end that paraffin is then held with hand is dipped in wax and taken out immediately, scion can so all coated a thin layer of and equal
Even bright paraffin layer.Prepare a thermos flask hot water, if seeing that temperature is too high, little water can be added inward at any time, keep
Suitable temperature, it so can just coat uniform wax layer.
B. apple dwarf downgrades seedling-wood breeding from root anvil
At present, it is to breed difficulty in the extreme from the maximum difficult point of root anvil dwarfing seedling-wood breeding, have impact on short anvil planting culture
Development.It is more in production to be taken root two methods using press strip and ridging, when waiting stock to take root to grow to certain height, then grafting
Upper cultivar.Because conventional press strip and the mode of ridging make dwarfing stock take root, remarry and connect kind, it is cumbersome, it is produced into
This height, it is also unfavorable to arrive high-volume scale breeding.We can be carried out short with the two ways of apple dwarf intermediate stock seedling-wood breeding
Change from root anvil and downgrade seedling-wood breeding.Its difference is：
First, the length of base anvil can be suitably shorter, 10cm or so can (base anvil only acts the work for triggering dwarfing stock to take root
With).
Second, the length of dwarfing stock is longer, (dwarfing stock section should be earthed up between 20-25cm, promote it
Take root).
Third, the depth for opening ditch cuttage or cuttage is slightly deep, season of growth soil will be buried at the half of dwarfing stock.
Fourth, after waiting dwarfing stock to take root, following base anvil is removed and (rooted out or transplanted with shovel and cut), with regard to goods can be trained
The real Dwarf rootstocks nursery stock of true valency.
In this fashion, roundleaf Malus spectabilis is " transition " effect, is that " medium root " is cultivated with this roundabout mode
Nursery stock is downgraded from root, production cost can be effectively reduced, can also realize that scale is produced in batches, so as to meet in production to each
The demand of type nursery stock.
C, other fruit nursery stocks are bred.
With horse back field cuttage after first grafting, i.e. cuttage is carried out simultaneously with grafting, the method disposably completed, not only
It can be applied on the seedling-wood breeding of apple, every energy stalk inserts the stock bred on seedling-wood breeding, using this substantially square
Method, such as large cherry seedling-wood breeding.
The foundation and its meaning that grafting is synchronously studied with cuttage：
1st, theoretical foundation：
Cuttage is carried out simultaneously with grafting, disposable to complete.I.e. first grafting followed by carry out field cuttage it is theoretical according to
According to being：Under appropriate conditions, callus occurs or occurred simultaneously in succession with adventitious root, but the two is each independently to enter for cuttage
Capable.Temperature, humidity and the other conditions that callus needs with adventitious root are consistent.Cuttage and grafting are all callus
The problem of, the two needs same internal cause condition and external conditions, had not only allowed it to take root but also had allowed it to heal, here it is cuttage and grafting
The rationale carried out simultaneously.
The cuttage optimum soil moisture in crop field is all suitable temperature in the range of 10-25 degree, to allow root prior to bud
Growth, i.e., first take root and germinate again.Although spring temperature is lower also to heal well, the flow direction of this and hormone and nutrient has
Close！Temperature factor is to influence a condition among the multiple conditions of survival rate composite factor.
2nd, economic implications：Conventional method is：First field cuttage, after waiting cutting survival, after growing to certain altitude and rugosity, then
Field grafting cultivation kind.And this time-consuming length of method (times of general 2 years), recruitment are more, production cost is big.And present
Method is, in first grafting after cultivar, then field cuttage.Time-consuming few, recruitment is few (also can adjust labour), production cost
It is few, the main nursery stock for producing meaning and being that phase homogenous quantities could be completed with two years in the past with regard to that can breed out with one-year age.
Embodiment 2：
A kind of method that apple nursery stock is bred downgrades seedling in apple dwarf intermediate stock seedling-wood breeding or apple dwarf from root anvil
The application that wood is bred, comprises the following steps：
(1) selection of stock and scion：Base anvil or dwarfing interstock and scion are required to " heavy snow " from cutting orchard or tree
Stored under adopting, avoid that freeze injury occurs.Step is with embodiment 1, but base anvil branch cuts into 10-15cm, and described scion is
Some Strains of Fuji kind is cigarette richness 3,2001 Fuji etc..Dwarfing interstock is M9, M26.
(2) stock and scion are stored：Sand storage is put into fresh-keeping warehouse storage.Base anvil is stored with processing step with implementation
Example 1.M9, M26 processing step are stored with the scion of embodiment 1.If base did not cut into section before the anvil winter, in the grafting previous moon
Also it must be cut, carry out ditch a surname and urge root to handle.
(3) processing before grafting：Base anvil is both needed to again be had after first soaking 12-24 hours with clear water with intermediate stock, scion
Vegetative grafting.To be soaked for middle dwarfing stock by the length for first cutting into requirement, usually 20-25cm or so, then clear water, immersion
Sealing wax again afterwards.It must strictly carry out, can not overturn by this order.It so can just do water tariff collection well.Temperature control is existed
100 DEG C or so progress libation at an ancient wedding ceremony waxes, temperature is low, and wax layer is thick, and effect is bad on the contrary, causes consumption wax amount big, cost height, Water-saving effect
Difference：Because wax layer thickness easily causes crackle and Water-saving effect is poor.Temperature is too high, then easily causes scald.A small amount of water is can be placed on,
When burning 100 DEG C or so, one end of scion is held with hand, is dipped into the paraffin dissolved, and taken out immediately, then taken with hand
Firmly the other end of paraffin is dipped in wax and taken out immediately, scion is all coated a thin layer of and uniform bright paraffin
Layer.Prepare a thermos flask hot water, if seeing that temperature is too high, little water can be added inward at any time, keep suitable temperature, so
Uniform wax layer can just be coated.
(4) scion grafting is carried out；Grafting is carried out using " double-work method ".Double-work method is exactly by dwarfing stock branch section libation at an ancient wedding ceremony wax
Afterwards, upper end is with cutting after cultivar is also wrapped with film in side grafting, the lower end base anvil that cuttage is wanted in cleft grafting grafting, with film bag
Well, then cuttage is gone to field.Double-work method is exactly to be changed to room with the field grafting twice that could be completed in 2 years original
Interior disposable grafting is completed.Can breed out conventional method 2 to three years with year can just breed out the seedling of same size
Wood, while recruitment is few, substantially reduces production cost.
(5) crop field cuttage：Specially annual mid or late March carries out cuttage, it is desirable to flattens ground, be whole thin, being covered after pouring water
Unregistered land film.Cover unregistered land film main function temperature raising and moisturizing.The soil moisture is set to be kept for 10-25 DEG C, but key point is：Make elder generation of taking root
In germination.Overlay film can increase ground temperature, it is ensured that root temperature is higher than the temperature of scion；Meanwhile there is good moisture-keeping function, this
Its good environmental condition grown is created in sample one, above and below ground.
An osculum is disclosed on mulch film with mock, the stock and scion, scion grafting position inserted after scion grafting is exposed on mulch film, OK
Away from 30cm, spacing in the rows 15cm or so, water content is set to be maintained at hold in range 60-80% after cuttage.Unsuitable too deep, the first grafting of cuttage
Mouthful ground can typically 5cm or so, if cultivating from root anvil nursery stock can open a ditch, after being easy to earthing take root this mode can
To cultivate intermediate stock nursery stock or from root anvil nursery stock, application note be seen, in order to keep humidity also can buckle small bow again in one week or so
Canopy.
(6) until seedling.
Grafting is investigated seedling growth situation then, and seedling growth average height is 139cm, 5 lis of kind grafting mouth
Diameter rugosity is 1.1cm (being shown in Table) at rice.
Intermediate stock seedling growth situation survey graft time 2010.11.27 then
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method that apple nursery stock is bred, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) selection of stock and scion；(2) stock and scion are stored, described stock is sand storage or fresh-keeping with scion
Storehouse is stored, and when scion is sand storage, the storage temperature of scion will be less than the storage temperature of stock, the germination of scion is later than stock
Take root, the specific method of described stock sand storage is：Nurse is easy in selection one, storage ditch is dug in the place of in the shade not water,
And the temperature of the storage ditch and humidity is kept stable, the temperature is 0-7 DEG C, and husky humidity is agglomerating without dripping to hold,
The thin river sands of 10-20cm are put in the bottom of storage ditch, and stock puts the thin river sands of last layer 5-10cm, covers moisturizing again thereon again after putting well
Thing, described moisturizing thing are one kind in wet soil, film or straw grass；The sand storage method of the scion is identical with stock, but husky
The sand storage temperature of stock will be less than by hiding temperature, so that stock urges root；When the storage of the stock and scion is that fresh-keeping warehouse is stored, institute
The temperature for the fresh-keeping warehouse storage stated is 0.5-1 DEG C, humidity 0.95-0.98RH；(3) processing before grafting, stock are equal with scion
With grafting again after clear water immersion 12-24 hours；(4) scion grafting is carried out；(5) crop field cuttage, annual mid or late March carry out cuttage,
It is required that ground is flattened, be whole thin, covering film after pouring water, an osculum is disclosed on mulch film with mock, the stock inserted after scion grafting and scion,
Scion grafting position is exposed on mulch film, line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 15cm or so, the humidity of soil is kept soil moisture content after cuttage
60-80%；(6) until seedling.
2. the method that apple nursery stock according to claim 1 is bred, it is characterised in that：Stock in described step (1)
For Japanese roundleaf Malus spectabilis, after fallen leaves, sturdy branch is selected, is cut according to stock requirement, length 15-25cm, is made every
The identical carry out bundling of direction of the sprout of root branch, the lower end of the branch are whittled into wedge shape, often tie 20, are stored；It is described
Scion be apple nursery stock commercial variety in production.
3. the method that apple nursery stock according to claim 2 is bred, it is characterised in that：Described stock individual layer or bilayer are put
Put, branch lower end bevel takes root place upward.
4. the method that apple nursery stock according to claim 1 is bred, it is characterised in that：In described step (4), scion grafting
Afterwards, scion grafting position is wrapped up with plastic sheeting.
5. the method that apple nursery stock according to claim 1 is bred, it is characterised in that：Before cuttage, by root 1000mg/
The 2-3 seconds are soaked in kg IBA liquid.
6. the method that apple nursery stock according to claim 5 is bred, it is characterised in that：Described cuttage is unsuitable too deep, deep
Spend and prop up micro-ridge away from ground 5-12cm for 7-12cm, graft union under the position of scion grafting or buckled small bow again in one week or so
Canopy, for keeping humidity.
7. the method that the apple nursery stock described in claim 1-6 any one is bred is numerous from root anvil nursery stock in apple clone Qiaoization
Educate, apple dwarf intermediate stock seedling-wood breeding, apple dwarf from root anvil downgrade seedling-wood breeding on application.
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| CN103053373B (en) * | 2013-01-16 | 2014-07-30 | 西北农林科技大学 | High-quality apple dwarf interstock seedling propagation method |
| CN103069999B (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2014-05-28 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Own-rooted seedling breeding technology for apple dwarf rootstocks |
| CN104221721A (en) * | 2013-06-11 | 2014-12-24 | 刘福学 | Novel method for cultivating seedlings of Shanzao jujube |
| CN103749236A (en) * | 2014-01-09 | 2014-04-30 | 刁久新 | Propagation method for fruition of large cherries after division |
| CN103931453B (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2016-05-25 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of the plant method of fast breeding apple Dwarf rootstocks seedling of single file |
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| CN104429763B (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2017-02-08 | 启东欣荣旅游开发有限公司 | Apple tree nursery stock storage method |
| CN104396582A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-03-11 | 天津天旺林科技有限公司 | Rapid seedling culture method for replacing different-anvil grafting to perform cottage on grafting hard branches |
| CN104686272B (en) * | 2015-02-27 | 2017-05-24 | 宁波市农业科学研究院 | Stock hardwood cutting propagation method for Chinese cherry |
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| CN104855148A (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2015-08-26 | 安顺市西秀区春实绿化苗木有限公司 | Grafting method for apple and crab apple |
| CN104871839A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-09-02 | 张亚南 | High-survival-rate apple tree grafting method |
| CN105052648A (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2015-11-18 | 襄汾县四通卉林果科技开发专业合作社 | Cultivation method for Jinxiu crabapple heart-shaped fruits |
| CN105230354B (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2017-11-14 | 北京市农林科学院 | A kind of fast breeding method of apple from root dwarfing interstock nursery stock |
| CN105532347A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-05-04 | 烟台大学 | Method for reducing virus-carrying rate of Malus Robusta seed and improving germination rate |
| CN106665260A (en) * | 2017-02-09 | 2017-05-17 | 合肥隆扬农业科技有限公司 | Method for planting apple seedlings in southern regions |
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| CN107771602B (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2020-08-14 | 青岛农业大学 | Three-section type 'winching method' apple dwarfing self-rooted seedling rapid breeding method |
| CN111684937A (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2020-09-22 | 河北农业大学 | Method for double-edge anvil breaking in hard branch grafting |
| CN110115190B (en) * | 2019-05-06 | 2021-05-04 | 山东省果树研究所 | Rapid breeding method for apple dwarf interstocks seedling in current year |
| CN110100735A (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2019-08-09 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of method of tissue culture loud, high-pitched sound apple seedling adventitious root Regeneration in Vitro adventitious bud |
| CN111466216B (en) * | 2020-04-19 | 2022-04-22 | 庆城县丰泰果业专业合作社 | Multi-branch inarching one-time forming method for intercropping transformation of sealed apple orchard |
| CN112449967B (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2022-06-10 | 石家庄涵煦农业科技有限公司 | Cold-resistant apple dwarf stock GM256 self-rooted seedling propagation method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPH03119929A (en) * | 1989-10-02 | 1991-05-22 | Kiyoharu Harada | Method for raising seedling of apple fruit tree |
| CN1068010A (en) * | 1992-05-18 | 1993-01-20 | 张明绪 | Raising apple saplings by hard branch cutting |
| JPH09294470A (en) * | 1996-05-02 | 1997-11-18 | Mitsubishi Agricult Mach Co Ltd | Grafting |
| BG65531B1 (en) * | 2004-10-20 | 2008-11-28 | Златко АНАДОЛИЕВ | Method for accelerated production of seeding material for orchards |
| RU2390987C2 (en) * | 2007-10-08 | 2010-06-10 | Федеральное государственное научное учреждение Северо-Кавказский научно-исследовательский институт горного и предгорного садоводства | Method for stock apple conveying reproduction from woody cuttings and synchronous growth of planting stocks on same seed field |
| CN101926287B (en) * | 2010-09-06 | 2012-05-30 | 中国农业大学 | Method for culturing tissue of 'Zhongzhen No.1' |
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