CN105075780A - Walnut nutrition cup seedling culture method - Google Patents

Walnut nutrition cup seedling culture method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105075780A
CN105075780A CN201510551456.1A CN201510551456A CN105075780A CN 105075780 A CN105075780 A CN 105075780A CN 201510551456 A CN201510551456 A CN 201510551456A CN 105075780 A CN105075780 A CN 105075780A
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China
Prior art keywords
cup
seedling
walnut
nutritive
seedlings
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CN201510551456.1A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN105075780B (en
Inventor
王勇
石美娟
周鹏程
李鸿雁
李小平
于静
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Pomology Institute Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Pomology Institute Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/30Grafting

Abstract

The invention discloses a walnut nutrition cup seedling culture method. The walnut nutrition cup seedling culture method includes the steps of variety selection, stock seed processing, walnut nutrition cup preparation, sowing and seedling raising, nutrition cup seedling transplanting, nutrition cup seedling trunk cutting, and grafting. By means of nutrition cup seedling culture, an excellent and low-cost matrix is selected, existing nutrient soil and moisture in a nutrition cup are fully utilized by nursery stocks, and direct growth can be achieved without seedling recovering. Compared with bare-rooted seedling afforestation, the method has the characteristics and advantages of being resistant to drought and poor soil and high in afforestation survival rate, nursery stock roots especially tap root systems can be kept complete and can not be damaged, and the afforestation survival rate is high.

Description

A kind of walnut nutritious cup seedling-cultivating method
Technical field
The invention belongs to walnut seedling growing process field, be specifically related to a kind of walnut nutritious cup seedling-cultivating method.
Background technology
At present, North China's walnut nursery adopts local continuous walnut or folder walnut to make stock usually, disease resistance, cold resistance are poor, and Grafted Variety mixes, bad adaptability, usually plant is be completely cured or broken root, be difficult to keep seedling root complete, and Hills or deserted mountain, nonirrigated farmland barren hill planting survival rate low, early growth is slow, the problems such as afforestation survival rate is low, having occurred plants trees every year loses the universal phenomenon of tree.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of walnut nutritious cup seedling-cultivating method, be applicable to the cultivation of North China walnut, solve in the walnut cultivation of prior art North China and be difficult to keep seedling root complete and in Hills or the low problem of deserted mountain, nonirrigated farmland barren hill planting survival rate.
A kind of walnut nutritious cup seedling-cultivating method, comprises Fruit variety, stock seed treatment, the preparation of walnut nutritious cup, seeding and seedling raising, nutritive cup seedlings transplanting, nutritive cup seedlings cutting strunk and grafting step, specifically carries out according to following steps:
Step 1, Fruit variety: using Adaptive Mechanisms of American Black Walnut as stock variety;
Step 2, stock seed treatment: first soaked in water by stock seed before sowing, then carries out sand and hides;
Step 3, walnut nutritious cup prepares: be packed in nutrition cup by the matrix mixed with perlite, sand, rural area soil and fertilizer;
Step 4, seeding and seedling raising: seed step 2 handled well is put in the nutrition cup that step 3 prepares and sowed, and after planting nutrition cup is well placed the overlay film that waters and carries out nursery;
Step 5, nutritive cup seedlings is transplanted: until being transplanted by nutritive cup seedlings when nutritive cup seedlings height reaches 20-30cm after emerging;
Step 6, nutritive cup seedlings cutting strunk: in August early and middle ten days by nutritive cup seedlings cutting back to height of seedling 1/2nd, April spring in next year, early and middle ten days cutting back was to apart from ground 5-10cm;
Step 7, grafting: Grafted Variety selects the place of resistance native soil breeding or excellent authorization high yield kind.
Feature of the present invention is also, in step 2, immersion treatment is soaked in normal-temperature water by stock seed, and soak time is about 7 days, and the time of Sand culture is about 20 days.
Feature of the present invention is also, the matrix in the nutrition cup of step 3 mixes with mass ratio 2: 2: 5: 1 according to perlite, sand, rural area soil, fertilizer.
Feature of the present invention is also, the nutrition cup of step 3 is for there being end container cup, and specification is 21-25cm × 26-30cm.
Feature of the present invention is also, in step 4, needs at the bottom of the vertical cup of seed suture when seed is put in nutrition cup, puts about 2 times that the degree of depth is about seed diameter.
Feature of the present invention is also, in step 4, sowing carries out around Clear and Bright in spring.
Feature of the present invention is also, in steps of 5, it is be transplanted to deserted mountain barren hill or region, Hills when mid-June that nutritive cup seedlings is transplanted, and is transplanted to by nutritive cup seedlings when specifying seedling hole and buries scratching at the bottom of vertical for nutrition cup blade cup.
Feature of the present invention is also, in step 7, adopts high-order spray square budding method to carry out grafting.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
1) seedling-cultivating method of the present invention, its seed treatment, sowing, grafting all in the open field are carried out, and are a kind of field seedling growing processs, from nurse young plants in hothouses different.Seedling growing process of the present invention, its seedling raising environment is substantially identical with the growing environment after transplanting, and do not destroy the growing environment of original root system during transplanting, survival rate is high, there will not be slow seedling phenomenon;
2) the present invention selects resistance to grow excellent stock-Adaptive Mechanisms of American Black Walnut stock fast, and more used walnut nursery stock stock has resistance, growth potential is good, grafting affinity is good advantage;
3) the present invention is by nutrition cup nursery, choose excellent low cost matrix, nursery stock is made to make full use of original Nutrition Soil and moisture in nutrition cup, seedling direct growth need not be delayed, there is drought-resistant, barren-resistant, that survival rate is high characteristics and advantages compared with exposed root and shoot forestation, and seedling root can be kept complete, do not destroy root system, the particularly system of taproot, survival rate is high;
4) the present invention adopts the secondary cutting strunk technology of vigorous branches after first strong root, and selects grafting to be suitable for kind of afforesting, for Hills, North China or deserted mountain, nonirrigated farmland barren hill walnut are afforested the seedling growing process providing science easy.
5) nutrition cup seedling growing process of the present invention is easy to learn, workable.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the walnut nutritious cup seedling-cultivating method of the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is elaborated further.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows the realization flow of the walnut nutritious cup seedling-cultivating method of the embodiment of the present invention.The walnut nutritious cup seedling-cultivating method of one of the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, comprise Fruit variety, stock seed treatment, the preparation of walnut nutritious cup, seeding and seedling raising, nutritive cup seedlings transplanted, the step of nutritive cup seedlings cutting strunk and grafting, specifically carry out according to following steps:
Step 1, Fruit variety: using Adaptive Mechanisms of American Black Walnut as stock variety;
Step 2, stock seed treatment: first soaked in water by stock seed before sowing, then carries out sand and hides;
Step 3, walnut nutritious cup prepares: be packed in nutrition cup by the matrix mixed with perlite, sand, rural area soil and fertilizer;
Step 4, seeding and seedling raising: seed step 2 handled well is put in the nutrition cup that step 3 prepares and sowed, and after planting nutrition cup is well placed the overlay film that waters and carries out nursery;
Step 5, nutritive cup seedlings is transplanted: until being transplanted by nutritive cup seedlings when nutritive cup seedlings height reaches 20-30cm after emerging;
Step 6, nutritive cup seedlings cutting strunk: in August early and middle ten days by nutritive cup seedlings cutting back to height of seedling 1/2nd, April spring in next year, early and middle ten days cutting back was to apart from ground 5-10cm;
Step 7, grafting: Grafted Variety selects the place of resistance native soil breeding or excellent authorization high yield kind.
In embodiments of the present invention, immersion treatment is soaked in normal-temperature water by stock seed, and soak time is about 7 days, and the time of Sand culture is about 20 days.
In embodiments of the present invention, the matrix in the nutrition cup of step 3 mixes with mass ratio 2: 2: 5: 1 according to perlite, sand, rural area soil, fertilizer.
In embodiments of the present invention, the nutrition cup of step 3 is for there being end container cup, and specification is 21-25cm × 26-30cm.
In embodiments of the present invention, in step 4, need at the bottom of the vertical cup of seed suture when seed is put in nutrition cup, put about 2 times that the degree of depth is about seed diameter.
In embodiments of the present invention, in step 4, sowing carries out around Clear and Bright in spring.
In embodiments of the present invention, in steps of 5, it is be transplanted to deserted mountain barren hill or region, Hills when mid-June that nutritive cup seedlings is transplanted, and is transplanted to by nutritive cup seedlings when specifying seedling hole and buries scratching at the bottom of vertical for nutrition cup blade cup.
In embodiments of the present invention, in step 7, high-order spray square budding method is adopted to carry out grafting.
Walnut nutritious cup seedling-cultivating method of the present invention, easy to learn, workable.Its seed treatment, sowing, grafting all in the open field are carried out, and are a kind of field seedling growing processs, from nurse young plants in hothouses different.Seedling growing process of the present invention, its seedling raising environment is substantially identical with the growing environment after transplanting, and do not destroy the growing environment of original root system during transplanting, survival rate is high, there will not be slow seedling phenomenon; The present invention selects resistance to grow excellent stock-Adaptive Mechanisms of American Black Walnut stock fast, and more used walnut nursery stock stock has resistance, growth potential is good, grafting affinity is good advantage; The present invention is by nutrition cup nursery, choose excellent low cost matrix, nursery stock is made to make full use of original Nutrition Soil and moisture in nutrition cup, seedling direct growth need not be delayed, there is drought-resistant, barren-resistant, that survival rate is high characteristics and advantages compared with exposed root and shoot forestation, and seedling root can be kept complete, do not destroy root system, the particularly system of taproot, survival rate is high; The present invention adopts the secondary cutting strunk technology of vigorous branches after first strong root, and selects grafting to be suitable for kind of afforesting, for Hills, North China or deserted mountain, nonirrigated farmland barren hill walnut are afforested the seedling growing process providing science easy.
Be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
This gives and utilize walnut nutritious cup to cultivate the embodiment of rootstock seedling, specifically comprise the following steps:
(1) select full 1000, the Adaptive Mechanisms of American Black Walnut seed of gathering then without damage by disease and insect, to be soaked in normal-temperature water about 7 days the previous moon in Clear and Bright (at the beginning of 3 months), the seed sand soaked is hidden about 20 days.
(2) nutrition cup is chosen according to the specification of 21-25cm × 26-30cm, chooses altogether 200.
(3) by 20 kilograms of perlites, 20 kilograms of sand, 50 kilograms of rural area soils and 10 kilograms of fertilizer mixing, obtain matrix.
(4) matrix is loaded in nutrition cup.
(5) the black walnut seed hidden by sand vertically puts into nutrition cup according to suture, and the degree of depth is about 2 times of Walnut Seed diameter and buries the overlay film that waters to be placed in large Tanaka.
Embodiment 2
This gives and utilize walnut nutritious cup to cultivate the embodiment of grafting.First obtain nutrition cup rootstock seedling according to embodiment 1, then carry out in the following manner:
(1) cutting strunk: the nutrition cup rootstock seedling transplanted early and middle ten days in August first time cutting strunk then, it is dry substantial that height of seedling 1/2nd cutting back urgees its seedling, maturity height improves winter cabbage, early and middle ten days in April in next year cutting strunk for the second time, apart from 5-10 centimetre place, ground cutting back, object first urgees branch development after its root system development.Table 1 gives nutritive cup seedlings cutting strunk and root system during not cutting strunk and seedling dry tap bar researching determining comparative result.As can be seen from Table 1, a cutting strunk facilitates seedling and does degree of lignification and maturity, improve seedling and do anti-stripping rate, and secondary cutting strunk can promote the growth of root system fast, ensure that seedling is done the later stage and grown fast and be shaped.
Table 1: nutritive cup seedlings cutting strunk compares (mean value cm) with seedling dry tap bar researching determining with not cutting strunk root system
Project Investigation strain tree Main root length Lateral root number Seedling dry tap number (strain)
Once not cutting strunk 10 31 4.8 8
Secondary is cutting strunk not 10 36 5.2 5
A cutting strunk 10 39 5.8 0
Secondary cutting strunk 10 64 10.6 0
(2) bud picking: when sprouting grows to more than 5-10 centimetre, stay 1 strong bud, all the other are all erased.
(3) grafting of tender branch technology
A grafting time: in North China high Best Times of buddering for by the end of May-by the end of June.
B scion gathers: select healthy and strong, female bud is full, without the developmental branch of damage by disease and insect, semi-lignified, scion is cut from base portion 1.5-2.0 centimeters by blade after cutting.And cover the scion of adopting with wet gunnysack at any time, to prevent its dehydration, require now to adopt existing use.
C Fruit variety: select that yielding ability is good, product are of fine quality, the excellent Walnut Cultivars of strong adaptability-local breeding of one's native land and excellent Approved variety.
D grafting method-high-order square bud grafting
A extracts bud sheet: under top 0.5 centimeters and petiole are buddered in scion, each horizontal partial application of 0.5 centimeters reaches xylem deeply, phloem is cut off in requirement, then each vertical partial application in petiole both sides, requires the degree of depth to reach xylem but does not cut off xylem, bud sheet tenderer like this can easily take off.
B stock process: stock selects each horizontal partial application up and down of smooth place apart from ground 30-50cm, and length is identical with got bud leaf length, and then at outside rip cutting one cutter, the edge of a knife degree of depth will be cut off phloem but do not hindered xylem.Choose out from the skin of opening part by stock with grafting knife subsequently, after choosing out, tear 0.6-0.8 cm width.
C inlays bud sheet: the bud sheet that scion is cut is taken off edge to stock opening part, notes not rubbed back and forth on stock by bud sheet, avoids formation layer to damage.
D bondage: wrapped up by bud tight from the bottom to top with wide about 2cm plastic strip, bud exposes.
E connects rear management:
A cuts anvil and goes to tie up: after connecting, stay 2 leaves to cut anvil on buddering.Secondary cuts anvil after about 10 days petioles can come off.Small part is buddered when sprouting and is cut anvil in 1.0-1.5 centimeters of buddering.Budder and remove plastics when growing to 10 centimetres and tie up bar.
B connects rear attention and strengthens rich water quality management, and stock bud of erasing in time, waits grafting highly to reach about 1.2cm pinching.
C pruning: grafting Second Year, late April in spring does surely, and cultivate walnut and be suitable for tree-like, namely trunk dredges layer shape and natural open centre shape; Main pruning, when branch grows to more than 60 centimeters, should pinch top its branch short.August presses down branch; Angle is 70-80 degree, master branch of having selected and remain, and cultivation results branch group, has reached early bearing, high yield.Table 2 is that grafting aspect ratio is comparatively after two months from grafting grafting on July 10 on June 10 one month and August 10, the Rapid development due to cutting strunk promotion root system stock seedling stage can be found out, investigate 50 strain grafting result displays, the growth potential of the more not cutting strunk of cutting strunk is vigorous, and grafting highly differs about 2 times.
Table 2: nutrition cup grafting different growing stage growth potential is compared (mean value cm)
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a walnut nutritious cup seedling-cultivating method, is characterized in that, comprises Fruit variety, stock seed treatment, the preparation of walnut nutritious cup, seeding and seedling raising, nutritive cup seedlings transplanting, nutritive cup seedlings cutting strunk and grafting step, specifically carries out according to following steps:
Step 1, Fruit variety: using Adaptive Mechanisms of American Black Walnut as stock variety;
Step 2, stock seed treatment: first soaked in water by stock seed before sowing, then carries out sand and hides;
Step 3, walnut nutritious cup prepares: be packed in nutrition cup by the matrix mixed with perlite, sand, rural area soil and fertilizer;
Step 4, seeding and seedling raising: seed step 2 handled well is put in the nutrition cup that step 3 prepares and sowed, and after planting nutrition cup is well placed the overlay film that waters and carries out nursery;
Step 5, nutritive cup seedlings is transplanted: until being transplanted by nutritive cup seedlings when nutritive cup seedlings height reaches 20-30cm after emerging;
Step 6, nutritive cup seedlings cutting strunk: in August early and middle ten days by nutritive cup seedlings cutting back to height of seedling 1/2nd, April spring in next year, early and middle ten days cutting back was to apart from ground 5-10cm;
Step 7, grafting: Grafted Variety selects the place of resistance native soil breeding or excellent authorization high yield kind.
2. the walnut nutritious cup seedling-cultivating method of one according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 2, immersion treatment is soaked in normal-temperature water by stock seed, and soak time is about 7 days, and the time of Sand culture is about 20 days.
3. the walnut nutritious cup seedling-cultivating method of one according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the matrix in the nutrition cup of described step 3 mixes with mass ratio 2: 2: 5: 1 according to perlite, sand, rural area soil, fertilizer.
4. the walnut nutritious cup seedling-cultivating method of one according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the nutrition cup of described step 3 is for there being end container cup, and specification is 21-25cm × 26-30cm.
5. the walnut nutritious cup seedling-cultivating method of one according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 4, needs at the bottom of the vertical cup of seed suture when seed is put in nutrition cup, puts about 2 times that the degree of depth is about seed diameter.
6. the walnut nutritious cup seedling-cultivating method of one according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 4, sowing carries out around Clear and Bright in spring.
7. the walnut nutritious cup seedling-cultivating method of one according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in steps of 5, it is be transplanted to deserted mountain barren hill or region, Hills when mid-June that nutritive cup seedlings is transplanted, and is transplanted to by nutritive cup seedlings when specifying seedling hole and buries scratching at the bottom of vertical for nutrition cup blade cup.
8. the walnut nutritious cup seedling-cultivating method of one according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, feature of the present invention is also, in step 7, adopts high-order spray square budding method to carry out grafting.
CN201510551456.1A 2015-08-27 2015-08-27 A kind of walnut nutritious cup method for culturing seedlings Expired - Fee Related CN105075780B (en)

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CN105613196A (en) * 2016-03-14 2016-06-01 仁怀市龙井乡利东种植开发有限公司 Walnut seedling cultivating method
CN105684819A (en) * 2016-02-25 2016-06-22 凉山州新福源农林科技有限公司 New walnut seedling growing method
CN105875375A (en) * 2016-04-18 2016-08-24 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 Soilless substrate seedling-raising method of keteleeria cyclolepis
CN105918048A (en) * 2016-05-05 2016-09-07 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 Container nursery method for Urobotrya latisquema
CN107484612A (en) * 2017-09-04 2017-12-19 昆明臻榕园林绿化工程有限公司 A kind of implantation methods for improving plant percent
CN107691131A (en) * 2017-11-23 2018-02-16 鹿寨县众生园中药材种植专业合作社 The method for culturing seedlings of beautiful millettia root

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105684819A (en) * 2016-02-25 2016-06-22 凉山州新福源农林科技有限公司 New walnut seedling growing method
CN105613196A (en) * 2016-03-14 2016-06-01 仁怀市龙井乡利东种植开发有限公司 Walnut seedling cultivating method
CN105875375A (en) * 2016-04-18 2016-08-24 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 Soilless substrate seedling-raising method of keteleeria cyclolepis
CN105918048A (en) * 2016-05-05 2016-09-07 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 Container nursery method for Urobotrya latisquema
CN107484612A (en) * 2017-09-04 2017-12-19 昆明臻榕园林绿化工程有限公司 A kind of implantation methods for improving plant percent
CN107691131A (en) * 2017-11-23 2018-02-16 鹿寨县众生园中药材种植专业合作社 The method for culturing seedlings of beautiful millettia root

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