CN111684937A

CN111684937A - Method for double-edge anvil breaking in hard branch grafting

Info

Publication number: CN111684937A
Application number: CN201910186622.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 姜海勇; 陈成; 徐鹏云; 李娜; 杨欣; 邵建柱; 崔晓硕
Original assignee: Heibei Agricultural University
Current assignee: Heibei Agricultural University
Priority date: 2019-03-13
Filing date: 2019-03-13
Publication date: 2020-09-22

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for grafting a double-edge anvil on a hard branch. Selecting fruit tree seedlings to be grafted with the diameter of 6-18 mm as stocks, and cutting in from the center of the top end face along the axis direction by using a straight-blade grafting knife, wherein the cutting-in depth is preferably 0.8-2 times of the diameter of the stocks to form long cut surfaces; cutting into the position 4-8 mm below the upper end surface of the stock by using a grafting blade along the direction of 25-40 degrees from the long bevel surface until the grafting blade is superposed with the cutting seam of the previous cut, and removing the material at the cutting opening to form a stock grafting fracture; selecting fruit tree variety branches with the diameter slightly smaller than that of the stock, shearing the fruit tree variety branches into single-bud branches, and cutting two sides of the lower part of buds into wedges by using a grafting knife to form scion trees; ensuring that the fracture angle of the scion wood is slightly larger than the fracture angle of the stock; inserting the wedge-shaped part of the scion wood into a stock fracture; the grafting film is tightly wound on the combination part of the stock and the scion wood, and the single-layer grafting film is wound on the scion wood sprouting part. The method can effectively solve the defect that the scion wood is difficult to insert into the cut of the stock in the automatic grafting.

Description

Method for double-edge anvil breaking in hard branch grafting

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for grafting a double-edge rootstock on a hard branch, belonging to the technical field of fruit tree planting.

Background

Grafting is one of artificial propagation methods of plants, and plays an important role in the field of crop planting. Through the development of years, grafting methods are more and more, such as T-shaped bud grafting, butt grafting, inarching, cleft grafting and the like. The cleft grafting method is one of the most widely used grafting techniques, and is generally applied to grafting in early spring in order to achieve high survival rate. At present, in China, manual grafting by workers is still more in the field grafting aspect. In field grafting, manual grafting by workers is taken as a main mode, so that time and labor are wasted, and a large amount of labor cost is required.

More and more people put the eyes into the automatic grafting, so that the labor cost is reduced and the grafting efficiency is improved, but the application of the automatic grafting in field grafting is very little. The traditional grafting method still has defects in automatic grafting, the traditional cleft grafting method adopts a stock 'one-knife cutting' mode, however, in the automatic grafting process, the cut angle is too small, so that scion wood is not easy to insert into the stock cut, and the automatic grafting efficiency is seriously influenced. In order to solve the problems, the further maturity of the automatic grafting technology is promoted, and a method for grafting the hard branch with the double-edge broken anvil is provided.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a method for double-edge rootstock breaking in hardwood grafting, which can effectively overcome the defect that scion wood is difficult to insert into a rootstock cut in automatic grafting and is better suitable for automatic grafting in fields.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention mainly provides the following technical scheme: selecting fruit tree seedlings to be grafted with the diameter of 6-18 mm as stocks, vertically placing the stocks, and cutting the stocks at the positions to be grafted by using a knife or a pruning shear, so as to ensure that the cut end faces are smooth; cutting into the stock from the center of the top end face along the axis direction by using a straight-blade grafting knife, wherein the cutting depth is preferably 0.8-2 times of the diameter of the stock, so as to obtain a long cutting surface of the stock fracture; cutting the stock into the stock along the direction of 25-40 degrees from the long cutting surface of the stock fracture of the previous cut at the position 4-8 mm below the upper end surface of the stock until the long cutting surface of the stock fracture is superposed with the cutting joint of the previous cut to obtain the short cutting surface of the stock fracture; removing the material at the incision to form a V-shaped grafting fracture of the stock; then, selecting fruit tree variety branches with the diameter slightly smaller than that of the stock, shearing the fruit tree variety branches into single-bud branches, and cutting two sides of the lower part of buds into wedges by using a grafting knife to form scion wood so as to obtain a short cutting surface of a scion wood fracture and a long cutting surface of the scion wood fracture; the method is characterized in that the length of the long cutting surface of the scion fracture is 0.5-3 mm larger than that of the long cutting surface of the stock fracture, the length of the short cutting surface of the stock fracture is 0.5-2 mm larger than that of the short cutting surface of the scion fracture, and the angle of the scion fracture is 3-8 degrees larger than that of the included angle of the stock fracture; inserting the wedge-shaped part of the scion into a V-shaped fracture of the stock, ensuring that the long cutting surface of the scion fracture is inserted along the long cutting surface of the V-shaped stock fracture in the inserting process, and ensuring that the side edge of the stock is flush with the side edge of the scion or the other side edge of the stock is flush with the other side edge of the scion; meanwhile, the scion sprout at the opposite side of the neat side edge of the stock and the scion, and the cut edge of the short cut surface of the stock fracture coincides with the cut edge of the short cut surface of the scion, namely 'leaving white'; and finally, tightly winding the joint part of the stock and the scion wood by using the grafting film, and ensuring that the single-layer grafting film at the scion wood sprouting part is wound.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method is simple, but is suitable for automatic grafting in the field of the hard branches, can effectively solve the problem that scion wood of the hard branches is difficult to insert into the cut of the stock in the automatic grafting, and is suitable for vigorous popularization and use.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an entity subjected to hardwood grafting, fig. 2 is a schematic view of an entity subjected to hardwood grafting, fig. 3 is a schematic view of a rootstock fracture, and fig. 4 is a schematic view of a scion fracture.

In the figure: 1. the method comprises the following steps of stock, 2, scion wood, 11, stock fracture long bevel, 12, stock side, 13, cut edge of stock fracture short bevel, 14, stock fracture short bevel, 15, stock fracture short bevel, 16, stock side, 17, stock fracture long bevel, 21, scion wood side, 22, cut edge of scion wood fracture short bevel, 23, scion wood fracture short bevel, 24, scion wood fracture short bevel, 25, scion wood fracture long bevel, 26, scion wood fracture long bevel and 27, scion wood side.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the method includes the steps of: selecting fruit tree seedlings to be grafted with the diameter of 6-18 mm as stocks (1), vertically placing the stocks (1), and cutting the stocks at the positions to be grafted by using a knife or a pair of scissors to ensure that the cut end faces are smooth; cutting into the stock from the center of the top end face along the axis direction by using a straight-blade grafting knife, wherein the cutting depth is preferably 0.8-2 times of the diameter of the stock (1), and thus a long stock fracture cutting surface (11) is obtained; cutting the rootstock (1) by using a grafting blade along the direction of 25-40 degrees with the long cutting line (11) of the rootstock fracture of the previous cut into the rootstock (1) at the position 4-8 mm below the upper end surface of the rootstock (1) until the long cutting line is superposed with the cutting line of the previous cut to obtain a short cutting line (15) of the rootstock fracture; removing materials at the cut to form a V-shaped grafting cut of the stock (1); then, selecting fruit tree branches with the diameter slightly smaller than that of the stock (1) to be cut into single-bud branches, cutting two sides of the lower part of the buds into wedges by using a grafting knife to form scion wood (2), and obtaining a scion wood fracture short cutting surface (24) and a scion wood fracture long cutting surface (25); the long bevel length (26) of the scion fracture is guaranteed to be 0.5-3 mm larger than the long bevel length (17) of the stock fracture, in addition, the short bevel length (14) of the stock fracture is 0.5-2 mm larger than the short bevel length (23) of the scion fracture, and meanwhile, the fracture angle of the scion (2) is guaranteed to be 3-8 degrees larger than the included angle of the stock fracture (1); inserting the wedge-shaped part of the scion wood (2) into a V-shaped fracture of a stock, ensuring that a scion wood fracture long cutting surface (25) is inserted along the V-shaped stock wood fracture long cutting surface (11) in the inserting process, ensuring that a stock side (16) is parallel and level with a scion wood side (21), or ensuring that the stock side (12) is parallel and level with a scion wood side (27), simultaneously ensuring that the sprout of the scion wood (2) is on the opposite side of the parallel side of the stock (1) and the scion wood (2), and enabling a cut edge (13) of the stock fracture short cutting surface to be superposed with a cut edge (22) of the scion wood fracture short cutting surface, namely 'leaving white'; and finally, tightly winding the joint part of the stock (1) and the scion wood (2) by using a grafting film, and ensuring that the single-layer grafting film at the sprouting part of the scion wood (2) is wound.

The short bevel length of the fracture of the stock is slightly larger than that of the short bevel length of the fracture of the scion wood, so that the 'white space' is convenient, and the grafting survival rate is ensured.

The method for grafting the double-edge broken anvil on the hard branch is suitable for all hard branches to be grafted.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed herein, and various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for grafting a double-edge broken anvil on a hard branch is characterized by comprising the following steps: selecting fruit tree seedlings to be grafted with the diameter of 6-18 mm as stocks (1), vertically placing the stocks, and cutting the stocks at the positions to be grafted by using a knife or a pair of scissors to ensure that the cut end faces are flat; cutting into the stock from the center of the top end face along the axis direction by using a straight-blade grafting knife, wherein the cutting depth is preferably 0.8-2 times of the diameter of the stock (1), and thus a long stock fracture cutting surface (11) is obtained; cutting the rootstock (1) by using a grafting blade along the direction of 25-40 degrees with the long cutting line (11) of the rootstock fracture of the previous cut into the rootstock (1) at the position 4-8 mm below the upper end surface of the rootstock (1) until the long cutting line is superposed with the cutting line of the previous cut to obtain a short cutting line (15) of the rootstock fracture; removing materials at the cut to form a V-shaped grafting cut of the stock (1); then, selecting fruit tree branches with the diameter slightly smaller than that of the stock (1) to be cut into single-bud branches, cutting two sides of the lower part of the buds into wedges by using a grafting knife to form scion wood (2), and obtaining a scion wood fracture short cutting surface (24) and a scion wood fracture long cutting surface (25); the long bevel length (26) of the scion fracture is guaranteed to be 0.5-3 mm larger than the long bevel length (17) of the stock fracture, in addition, the short bevel length (14) of the stock fracture is 0.5-2 mm larger than the short bevel length (23) of the scion fracture, and meanwhile, the fracture angle of the scion (2) is guaranteed to be 3-8 degrees larger than the included angle of the stock fracture (1); inserting the wedge-shaped part of the scion wood (2) into a V-shaped fracture of a stock, ensuring that a long cutting surface (25) of the scion wood fracture is inserted along the long cutting surface (11) of the V-shaped stock wood fracture in the inserting process, ensuring that a side edge (16) of the stock is parallel and level with a side edge (21) of the scion wood, or ensuring that the side edge (12) of the stock is parallel and level with a side edge (27) of the scion wood, simultaneously ensuring that the sprout of the scion wood (2) is positioned at the opposite side of the parallel and level side edge of the stock (1) and the scion wood (2), and enabling a cut edge (13) of the short cutting surface of the stock fracture to be coincident with a cut edge (; and finally, tightly winding the joint part of the stock (1) and the scion wood (2) by using a grafting film, and ensuring that the single-layer grafting film at the sprouting part of the scion wood (2) is wound.