CN107211731B - Efficient high-branch changing method for walnut trees - Google Patents
Efficient high-branch changing method for walnut trees Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
An efficient high-branch exchange method for walnut trees relates to a big tree reconstruction cultivation method for crops, in particular to an efficient high-branch exchange method for walnut trees. In the grafting process, each saw cut can be embedded with two or more buds, the grafting survival rate based on the method is extremely high, each saw cut is covered by callus in 1-2 years after grafting, the walnut tree grafted by the method has extremely high survival rate, and the surviving branch buds have extremely strong growth vigor, extremely stable structure and early fruiting essence. The walnut trees grafted by the method usually start to test flowers and fruit in the second year after grafting, enter the high-yield period with fruit tired in the fifth year, and have obvious early bearing performance and high yield performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a big tree reconstruction cultivation method for crops, in particular to a high-efficiency high-branch changing method for walnut trees.
Background
The conventional walnut tree high branch exchange optimization method is complex to operate, difficult to master, difficult to popularize and difficult to popularize, and is mainly not suitable for masses with relatively less professional knowledge, relatively poor basic skills and relatively strong simple practical ability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a novel walnut high-branch exchange method which is simple to operate, easy to learn, easy to meet, easy to operate, easy to popularize and easy to popularize, and the grafting survival rate can reach more than 99.7% by large-area modification.
The invention relates to a new method for changing high branches of walnut trees into excellent ones, which comprises the following steps:
a. selection and treatment of scions: selecting 1 year-old strong branches at the upper parts of parent trees with excellent local habitat quality or 1 year-old strong and full branches at each part of living trees grafted by the branches; shearing before tree germination, heating the branch to boiling paraffin mixed solution in water bath for fast dipping to cover the branch with one layer of very thin paraffin, storing and placing;
b. and (3) mastering the grafting time: the length of the bud is preferably within 5cm from the beginning of the stock in germination;
c. selecting a grafting part: according to the concrete reality of the walnut tree which needs to be reformed, the straight and smooth (not less than 10 cm) position of the stock is selected to be sawed off, and the sawed opening is cut smoothly at the straight position of the stock.
d. Cutting the scions: selecting a branch with a medulla heart not more than 1/2 of the diameter, cutting a wedge with a length of 8-10cm on the surface of a required bud during scion cutting, wherein the tail end of the wedge is provided with a wood layer with a thickness of 0.8-1.2mm, and the embedded part of the cutting surface is approximately rectangular;
e. slightly cutting off a little of the thin edges of the cortex layers on the two sides of the embedding part with the wedge-shaped tail end close to the rectangle so as not to damage the wood layer, and finally scraping off the wax on the embedding part of the cortex layer;
f. inserting the scions: sticking the cut scion to a smooth and straight stock, enabling the scion to be tightly stuck to the stock, respectively marking vertical lines reaching the xylem on the stock along two sides of the scion, wherein the vertical lines are consistent with the length of the scion, then lifting the upper part of a cortex between the two vertical lines, gently and vertically vibrating the scion by using a small rod until the two sides and the lower part of the scion are tightly combined with the stock;
g. binding of scions: after the scion is vibrated in, the skin between the two carving lines is tightly wrapped on the scion and then bound outside by a soft braided belt, so that the scion is tightly attached to the stock; this procedure corresponds to a surgical upper splint.
h. Binding the exposed part of the scion: the exposed part of the scion is tightly wrapped by a plastic film, so that the moisture of the scion is prevented from evaporating greatly and buds are exposed;
i. draining water: in order to keep the moisture at the scion to just meet the optimal healing temperature and humidity at the grafting position.
The storage and placement of the step a are carried out in a shady and ventilated room, and the sunshine is avoided; or stored in a constant-temperature refrigerator.
And c, enabling the stocks to be straight and smooth, wherein the length of the straight and smooth stocks is more than 10 cm.
The length of the approximately rectangular embedded part in the step d is 5-8 cm.
And d, cutting the cion, wherein the inserted approximately rectangular part of the cion needs to meet the requirements of being long, flat and thin.
And h, tightly binding by adopting a heat storage and moisture preservation bag or a mulching film. The cut of the scion is wrapped by 1-3 layers of plastic and tightly bound.
And (i) when the water is discharged and the heat-storage moisture-preserving bag is used for binding, 3-5 water-permeable holes are punched at the lowest end of the heat-storage moisture-preserving bag.
And (i) when the water is drained and the walnut tree is directly wrapped by using a black mulching film, the cut of the stock needs to be sawed into a V shape to drain excessive water when the diameter of the walnut tree to be reformed is larger, and the purpose is to ensure that the walnut tree is not easy to contact with the scion. Secondly, the walnut tree with the small rootstock diameter is not easy to saw the saw kerf into a V shape, and the saw kerf is sawn into a gentle slope shape (the broken surface is not more than 10 degrees). Thirdly, before binding, any one side of the marking lines on the two sides of the scion is longer than the scion, and a bark with the width of 0.8-1.2mm and the depth reaching the xylem is carved off, and the groove is used as a drainage groove.
I, discharging water, wherein the grafted trees are on flat ground or a place with large water capacity in a soil field; the two spiral water-discharging saw mouths are oppositely sawn to reach the xylem by staggering relative distances up and down in the period below the grafting mouth and above the ground, and the upper saw mouth and the lower saw mouth are not crossed.
The novel method for efficiently changing the high branches of the walnut is simple to operate, easy to master and easy to popularize. For four years, multiple tests and sampling of a large county planted with walnuts in shogao yang district, Zhengxiong county, Ludian county and the like in Shoatong city are carried out. The grafting method is easy to learn, grasp, popularize and popularize, and has high and stable survival rate. The survival rate of the tree is very high no matter the diameter of the tree, the survival rate of the plant is calculated to be 99.7 percent, the survival rate of the grafted bud is calculated to be 98.6 percent, and the growth vigor of the tree is vigorous after the grafting survives. Because the bud slice is cut according to three major collars of long, flat and thin, the cut scions are stably inserted between the two marked vertical lines, the walnut tree cortex outside the scions is tightly bound outside the scions by soft braided bands after the scions are inserted, firstly, the scions are not easy to be driven by external force, secondly, a dark environment which is relatively beneficial to the growth and fusion of callus is created, and secondly, the cortex and xylem separation damage phenomenon of the rootstock cannot be generated in the process of vertically inserting the scions, so that a large amount of tender and white callus can be bred at the two marked vertical lines and the lower ends of the two marked vertical lines to quickly contact and fuse with the tender and white callus generated by the scions; therefore, on one hand, the callus is easy to contact and fuse, and on the other hand, the delivery and guide pipeline formed after the callus is fused is more convenient for the smooth transportation of the upper and lower substances. The walnut tree grafted by the method has the advantages of high survival rate, vigorous growth of the survived branch buds, stable structure and early fruiting. The walnut trees grafted by the method usually start to test flowers and fruit in the second year after grafting, enter the high-yield period with fruit tired in the fifth year, and have obvious early bearing performance and high yield performance. In the actual grafting process, two or more buds can be embedded in each saw cut, the grafting survival rate based on the method is extremely high, and each saw cut is covered by callus in 1-2 years after grafting, so that the phenomenon of over-wind fracture basically does not occur after the grafting into a tree.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below with reference to examples, but is not limited to the examples.
Example 1
The invention relates to a walnut tree high branch optimization changing method, which comprises the following steps:
a. selection and treatment of scions: selecting 1 year-old strong branches at the upper parts of parent trees with excellent local habitat quality or 1 year-old strong and full branches at each part of living trees grafted by the branches; shearing the tree before the tree sprouts, and heating the branch to a boiling paraffin mixed solution by using a water bath for quickly dipping, so that the branch is uniformly covered with a layer of extremely thin paraffin. Storing the branches in a cool and ventilated room to avoid the irradiation of sunlight, and storing the sealed branches in a constant-temperature cold storage room to be the best;
b. and (3) mastering the grafting time: the method can be carried out from the beginning of the stock germination to the bud length within 5 cm;
c. selecting a grafting part: according to the concrete reality of the tree to be reformed, sawing off the straight smooth part of the stock, wherein the length of the straight smooth part of the stock is not less than 9cm, and more than 10cm is optimal; and the straight part of the stock is cut smooth,
d. cutting the scions: selecting a branch with a medulla heart not exceeding 1/2, cutting into a wedge (nearly rectangular) with a length of 6-10cm on the surface of a required bud, wherein the tail end of the wedge is provided with a wood layer with a thickness of 0.8-1.2mm, and the cutting surface is nearly rectangular; the wedge shape of the scion, particularly the length of a nearly rectangular part is not less than 5cm, the tip of the scion is only a nearly rectangular smooth scion of a nearly 1mm wood layer, namely the cut scion inserting part is required to be long, flat and thin, and the aim is to ensure that calluses grown from the rootstock and the scion can contact and fuse as soon as possible and dredge tissues to form as soon as possible and start benign work in the future;
e. slightly cutting the thin edges of the cortex layers at two sides of the approximately rectangular embedded part in the step d to the extent that the wood layer is not damaged, and finally scraping the wax on the cortex layer of the embedded part;
f. inserting the scions: sticking the cut nearly rectangular scion to a smooth stock, enabling the scion to be tightly stuck to the stock, respectively scribing vertical lines reaching the xylem on the stock along two sides of the scion, wherein the vertical lines are consistent with the length of the scion, slightly lifting the upper part of a cortex between two vertical scribing lines, slightly and vertically vibrating the scion by using a small bar until the sound is heard, and at the moment, ensuring that two sides and the lower part of the scion are tightly combined with the stock;
g. binding of scions: after the scion is vibrated in, the skin between the two carving lines tightly wraps the scion and is bound outside by a soft braided belt, so that the scion is tightly attached to the stock, and the process is equivalent to an upper clamping plate of a surgical operation;
h. binding the exposed part of the scion: the exposed part of the scion is tightly wrapped by a plastic film, and particularly, a cut at the upper end of the scion needs to be wrapped by 1-3 layers, so that the moisture of the scion is prevented from being greatly evaporated.
i. Draining water: when the heat storage and moisture preservation bag is used for binding, 3-5 water permeable holes are punched at the lowest end of the heat storage and moisture preservation bag, and 3-5 water is reasonably discharged, the grafted tree is in a place with large water holding capacity in a flat ground or a soil field, two spiral water discharge saw cuts which are sawn up and down to reach the xylem in a staggered mode are arranged on the part above the ground below a grafting opening, and the upper saw cut and the lower saw cut are not crossed.
Example 2
The walnut tree grafting cultivation method comprises the following steps:
a. selection and treatment of scions: when scion grafting, selecting 1-year-old strong branches at the upper parts of excellent mu trees in local habitat or 1-year-old strong and full branches at each part of a live tree grafted by the branches; shearing the branches before the trees sprout, heating the branches to a boiling paraffin wax mixed solution by using a water bath, quickly dipping the branches to enable the branches to be uniformly covered with a layer of extremely thin paraffin wax, storing the branches in a cool and ventilated room, and avoiding the irradiation of sunlight, wherein the best condition is to store the sealed branches in a constant-temperature refrigerator;
b. and (3) mastering the grafting time: the method can be carried out from the beginning of the stock germination to the bud length within 5 cm;
c. selecting a grafting part: according to the concrete reality of trees needing to be reformed, sawing off the straight smooth part of the stock, and cutting the straight smooth part of the stock to be smooth, wherein the length of the straight smooth part of the stock is not less than 9cm, and more than 10cm is optimal;
d. cutting the scions: cutting a branch with a medullary heart not exceeding 1/2, wherein a wedge with a length of 6-10cm is cut on the surface of a required bud, the tail end of the wedge is provided with a wood layer with a thickness of 0.8-1.2cm, and the cutting surface is rectangular; the wedge shape of the scion, particularly the length of a nearly rectangular part is not less than 5cm, the tip of the scion is only a nearly rectangular smooth scion of a nearly 1mm wood layer, namely the cut scion inserting part is required to be long, flat and thin, and the aim is to ensure that calluses grown from the rootstock and the scion can contact and fuse as soon as possible and dredge tissues to form as soon as possible and start benign work in the future;
e. slightly cutting the thin edges of the cortex on two sides of the inlaid part with the wedge-shaped tail end being nearly rectangular to the extent that the wood layer is not damaged, and finally scraping the wax on the inlaid part of the cortex;
f. inserting the scions: sticking the cut wedge-shaped scion to the selected and cut smooth stock, enabling the scion to be tightly stuck to the stock, respectively marking vertical lines reaching the xylem on the stock along two sides of the scion, wherein the vertical lines are adaptive to the length of the scion, slightly lifting the upper part of a cortex between the two vertical lines, slightly and vertically vibrating the scion by using a small bar until the sound is heard, and at the moment, ensuring that the two sides and the lower part of the scion are tightly combined with the stock;
g. binding of scions: after the scion is vibrated in, the skin between the two carving lines is tightly wrapped on the scion and then bound outside by a soft braided belt, so that the scion is tightly attached to the stock, and the process is equivalent to an upper splint for surgical operation;
h. binding the exposed part of the scion: 1-3 layers of plastic wrap the exposed part of the scion tightly; the binding is tight by adopting a mulching film with better toughness;
i. draining water: the method is characterized in that water at the position of the scion is kept, when the scion is directly bound by using a black mulching film, firstly, if a walnut tree to be modified is large, a stock kerf is sawed into a V shape to discharge excessive water, and the purpose is to ensure that the walnut tree is difficult to contact the scion due to wound. Secondly, if the rootstock is small, the saw cut is not easy to be sawn into a V shape, and the saw cut can be sawn into a gentle slope shape (the fracture surface is not more than 10 degrees). Thirdly, before binding, any one side of the marking lines on the two sides of the scion is longer than the scion, and a bark with the width of 0.8-1.2mm and the depth reaching the xylem is carved off, and the groove is used as a drainage groove.
Example 3
a. And (4) cutting the scions. Selecting branches with the medulla not exceeding 1/2. When cutting, cutting a bud with a length not less than 8cm and a steep slope part not less than 2 cm; the near rectangular part for inlaying is not less than 5cm, the front end of the part only has a wood layer of about 1mm, the near rectangular part for inlaying the stock needs to be cut smoothly and straightly, namely, the cut scion inserting part needs to be long, flat and thin, and in addition, extremely thin peels at two sides of the cut near rectangular part need to be cut a little. The aim of this is to minimize the distance of callus contact between scion and rootstock. In other words, the rootstock and the scion only need to grow the callus with small points respectively, and the callus can be contacted and fused with each other, so that the conduction tissue is generated quickly, the material transportation of the underground part and the overground part is smoother, and finally a new plant is formed as soon as possible.
b. And (4) inserting the scions. The cut scion is stuck on a smooth and straight stock, vertical lines reaching the xylem are respectively drawn along the two sides of the scion to make the scion almost as long as and as wide as the scion, then the upper part of the cortex between the two lines is slightly lifted, and the scion is slightly and vertically vibrated by a small rod until the sound is heard. At this time, both sides and the lower part of the scion are seen to be tightly combined with the rootstock. The purpose of this is to make the contact surface between the scion and the rootstock larger and the gap between them as small as possible. The purpose is to melt the callus between the stock and the scion in a short time, thereby laying a solid foundation for forming a new plant as soon as possible.
c. The purpose of belt is. As is well known, the thickness of the cortex of the walnut increases with the age, so that when the high branch of a big walnut tree is subjected to high branch optimization, if the cortex of the embedded part is removed, the scion is movable in the walnut tree and even cannot be bound stably; if the scion is not removed and is tied tightly by a weaving band from the outside, the scion can be very stable, and a dark environment which is beneficial to the growth and mutual fusion of callus tissues can be created, so that the grafting method is also one of the innovation points of the technology, and the grafting method is high in survival rate, extremely strong in growth vigor after survival, early in fruiting, high in yield and good in stability.
d. And (5) binding the scions. Immediately binding the skin between the two carving lines on the outer side of the scion by using a soft braided belt after the scion is embedded, so that the scion is tightly attached to the stock; this procedure corresponds to a surgical upper splint. The purpose is as follows: because the walnut tree transformation work is carried out in an open dam, if the scions are easily shaken due to the influence of external force (pedaling of birds and sparrows and artificial injury) by continuously using the traditional method of only wrapping the scions by plastic mulching films, the survival rate of the work is inevitably influenced. This is one of the innovative points of the technology
e. And (5) discharging water. If the heat storage and moisture preservation bag is used, holes are poked at the lowest end (the principle that water flows to the lower part) of the prepared heat storage and moisture preservation bag, the grafted trees are in flat ground or a place with large water holding capacity in a soil field, the part above the ground below a grafting opening is opposite to two spiral water drainage saw openings which are sawed up and down in a staggered manner to reach the xylem, and the upper saw opening and the lower saw opening are not crossed. If the walnut tree is directly wrapped by the black mulching film, the cut of the stock needs to be sawed into a V shape to remove excessive moisture if the walnut tree to be reconstructed is large, so that the walnut tree is difficult to contact with the scion in the wound. Secondly, if the rootstock is small, the saw cut is not easy to be sawn into a V shape, and the saw cut can be sawn into a gentle slope shape (the fracture surface is not more than 10 degrees). Thirdly, before binding, any one side of the marking lines on the two sides of the scion is longer than the scion, and a bark with the width of 0.8-1.2mm and the depth reaching the xylem is carved off, and the groove is used as a drainage groove.
Claims (9)
1. An efficient high-branch optimization method for walnut trees is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. selection and treatment of scions: selecting strong and full 1-year-old branches at the upper parts of parent trees with excellent local habitat quality or using the branches to graft into strong and full 1-year-old branches at each part of a live tree; shearing before tree germination, heating the branch to boiling paraffin mixed solution in water bath for fast dipping to cover the branch with one layer of very thin paraffin, storing and placing;
b. and (3) mastering the grafting time: the length of the bud is within 5cm from the beginning of the stock in germination;
c. selecting a grafting part: according to the concrete reality of trees needing to be reformed, sawing off the straight and smooth part of the stock higher than 10cm, and cutting the straight part of the stock to be smooth;
d. cutting the scions: cutting branches with the medulla of no more than 1/2, cutting a wedge with a length of 6-10cm on the opposite surface of the needed bud during scion cutting, wherein the tail end of the wedge is provided with a wood layer with a thickness of 0.8-1.2mm, the cutting surface is nearly rectangular, the scion is nearly rectangular, and the inserted part needs to be long, flat and thin;
e. slightly cutting the thin edges of the cortex on two sides of the embedded part with the wedge-shaped tail end close to the rectangle in the step d to the degree that the wood layer is not damaged, and finally scraping the wax on the cortex of the embedded part;
f. inserting the scions: sticking the cut wedge-shaped scion to the selected and cut smooth stock, enabling the scion to be tightly stuck to the stock, respectively marking vertical lines reaching the xylem on the stock along two sides of the scion, wherein the vertical lines are consistent with the length of the scion, then lifting the upper part of a cortex between the two vertical lines, slightly and vertically vibrating the scion by using a small rod until the two sides and the lower part of the scion are tightly combined with the stock;
g. binding of scions: after the scion is vibrated in, the skin between the two carving lines is tightly wrapped on the scion and then bound outside by a soft braided belt, so that the scion is tightly attached to the stock;
h. binding the exposed part of the scion: tightly wrapping the exposed part of the scion with plastic to expose the bud;
i. draining water: the moisture at the grafting position can be kept to just meet the optimal healing humidity at the grafting position.
2. The efficient high-branch walnut tree optimizing method according to claim 1, wherein the storing and placing in the step a is storing and placing in a cool and ventilated room, and is protected from sunlight; or stored in a constant-temperature refrigerator.
3. The efficient high-branch walnut tree changing method according to claim 1, wherein the rootstocks in the step c are straight and smooth, and the length of the straight and smooth rootstocks is more than 9 cm.
4. The efficient high-branch walnut tree changing method according to claim 1, wherein the length of the wedge-shaped approximately rectangular part in the step d is 5-8 cm.
5. The efficient high-branch propagation method for walnut trees according to claim 1, wherein the binding tightness in the step h is tight by using a heat-storage moisture-preserving bag or a mulching film.
6. The efficient high-branch walnut tree propagation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the scion cut in step h is wrapped with 1-3 layers of plastic and tightly bound.
7. The efficient high-branch walnut tree propagation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein 3-5 water permeable holes are punched at the lowest end of the heat-storage moisture-preservation bag when the heat-storage moisture-preservation bag is used for binding up the water in step i.
8. The efficient high-branch exchange optimization method of the walnut trees according to claim 1, wherein when the water is drained and the wrapping is directly wrapped by using a black mulching film, firstly, if the walnut trees to be reconstructed are large, the saw cut of the rootstocks needs to be sawed into a V shape to drain excessive water, so that the wounded parts of the walnut trees are not easy to contact with the scions; secondly, if the rootstock is small, the kerf is not easy to be sawn into a v shape, the kerf can be sawn into a gentle slope shape at the moment, and the fracture surface is not more than 10 degrees; thirdly, before binding, any one side of the marking lines on the two sides of the scion is longer than the scion, and a bark with the width of 0.8-1.2mm and the depth reaching the xylem is carved off, and the groove is used as a drainage groove.
9. The efficient high-branch walnut tree optimizing method according to claim 1, wherein the water discharging and grafting step i is to cut two spiral water discharging saw cuts staggered up and down to reach the xylem in the part above the ground below the grafting opening on the flat ground or the place with large water holding capacity in the field, and the upper and lower saw cuts are not crossed.
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| CN108702960B (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2020-12-18 | 昭通市林业和草原科学研究所 | Method for improving walnut yield based on high-stake optimization change |
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