SU1113042A1 - Method of growing grafted grape seedlings - Google Patents

Abstract

METHOD OF CULTIVATION OF PRIVATE TREATED GRAPES BY GARDEN obtained green cuttings under and after, subsequent grafting and obtaining seedlings, growing seedlings under controlled conditions, in order to reduce the growing time and increase the yield of high-quality planting material shrubs, previously subjected to forcing, for stock second forcing cuttings when they reach a length of 50-60 cm.

Description

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The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the cultivation of planting material of grapes, and can be used for the production of grafted seedlings of other fruit crops. .

There is a method of growing grafted grape seedlings, including the implementation of green grafting on growing shoots with a peephole, splicing a lead with a stock, cutting cuttings and planting them in school I.,

According to this method, in order to perform grafting on growing shoots of the stock in the internodes, nodes of the vine are cut at every 40–50 cm at the right place using two cuts: one cut is made in the lower part at an angle of 40-50 ° to the axis of the shoot, and the second cut is made longitudinal at an angle, removing the bark and a small part of the wood to the lower cut. In the resulting space, the eye is inserted with a graft cut in a similar way and tied with a synthetic tape, leaving the eye alone free. In a known way, vaccination can be done from the beginning of June for 1.5-2 months. By the autumn, the eye of the prio grows together with the vine, at which time cuttings are cut into 10 holes from the grafted, woody vines, stored until spring, and then planted in shlich after stratification and seedlings are grown.

The disadvantages of the method are a long period of growing seedlings (from grafting to seedling, two vegetations pass) and a relatively small multiplication factor (the output of the seedlings is 40-60%), one of the reasons for which is that cuttings.

There is also known a method for obtaining grafted grape seedlings, which includes obtaining green cuttings under the stock and grafting, subsequent grafting and obtaining seedlings, growing seedlings under conditions of higher humidity 2.

The disadvantage of this method is that, although green 4–5 ocellar cuttings 60–70 cm long have a large supply of nutrients, it is extremely difficult to root them, since such a cutting has a large evaporating surface and high transpiration, therefore cuttings quickly increase. not having time to root.

In addition, according to this method, a foliar graft is grafted onto the rootstock, then the graft is rooted. Grafting on non-rooted cuttings allows you to get a high-quality splicing of a grate with a stock and a high yield of first-class seedlings, a green cutting 60-70 cm long when planted to a depth of 2-3 cm is difficult to keep in an upright position (for

this requires additional support). With a deeper planting of 10–12 cm, they are very poorly bred, as in the deeper layers there is no optimal regime for rooting and seedling development.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the time of cultivation and increase the yield of quality planting material.

The goal is achieved by those. what

For green rootstocks, they are obtained from uterine shrubs, previously subjected to forcing; for the rootstock, two-eye cuttings are used, cut up before flowering of uterine bushes;

The method is carried out as follows.

Saplings from green cuttings are grown in film greenhouses under conditions of aerosol moisture. Greenhouses equip shelving. In order to obtain seedlings during one growing season, shoots of brood bushes grown in open ground are distilled, for which they are covered with plastic wrap in the third decade of March. Increased temperature, humidity and scattered light under the film activate wakeup; buds and accelerate the development of shoots. Such a forcing of shoots allows

0 start cutting cuttings 1.5-2 months earlier than usual. The cuttings are cut into 2 peepholes before the grapes bloom, while shortening the leaf blade by half. On the root part of the cutting, 5–6 cm long, an oblique cut is made at an angle of 30 ° to the longitudinal axis of the cutting, then along the entire length of the cut, jagged notches are made with a sharp tool. The green cuttings cut in this way are placed in a bucket of water and transferred for planting. For planting, cups No. 4 (GOST 13480-68), filled with steamed sawdust, are used in which cuttings are planted to a depth of 2-3 cm. Then the cups in boxes are brought in greenhouses and placed on racks. In order to reduce the intensity of solar radiation, which increases transpiration and causes eradication and burns of leaves on the cuttings, the greenhouse film is enhanced in the period when the cuttings bark, creating scattered light. Optimum substrate moisture (sawdust) within

85-lOOVo from full field capacity, air humidity 85-95%. On hot days, this mode is created by switching on the aerosol unit after 35 minutes per minute I, and also the greenhouse is ventilated. After it has been bickered, the plant is turned on after 1 hour for I min. On cloudy days, the installation includes at least twice a day for 1 min. For the best development of seedlings, foliar dressings are produced simultaneously with aerosol humidification irrigation. After cuttings of 50-60 cm have been reached, they remove all the leaves, stepchildren and antennae from the base to the fourth-fifth interstitial. After 2-3 days, an oblique cut is made on this stock at a distance of I -1.5 cm from the upper eyelet, then jagged notches are applied over this cut. From the mother bushes harvested green shoots for privo. For graft, single-azle cuttings are cut in the middle of the internodes, cutting the leaf blade in half. Thus, 3 peepholes are used to obtain seedlings. Over the eye, a stump is left at I -1.5 cm, under the eye, at a distance of 3 cm from it, an oblique cut is made to which the notched cut is applied with a sharp instrument so that the servo corresponds to the groove of the stock. Such an embodiment of the surfaces of the joint and the stock increases the area and density of their contact, and consequently, improves the subsequent soldering. Connect the graft with the stock and fasten the place connected with two metal needles. Since instead of a binding material, needles are used, there is no need to periodically loosen the binding on the grafts. The needles remain in place of the spike and, after complete healing, lead with the stock. Within 10 days after vaccination, the aerosol unit is switched on after 20 minutes for 1 minute to maintain optimum soil and air moisture. After 10 days, the grafts start to grow. During the growing season, as the grafts grow, they carry out a suspension of the spider, a fragment of unwanted shoots, and spraying with Bordeaux mixture. In the fall, saplings with cups are planted in open ground or in storage, and planted in spring. Using the proposed method of growing grafted grape seedlings reduces the time needed to obtain seedlings (they are obtained during one growing season). This is achieved by forcing the shoots of the uterine bushes, allowing for the production of cuttings under the vine before flowering of the grapes, and through the loosening of non-lumbering cuttings, which were grafted in the summer of that year. At the same time, the multiplication factor increases by 1.5-2 times due to the fact that the grafting with a green cutting is carried out on a rooted cutting, and the application of needles instead of binding increases the density of contact of the grafted components and improves their splicing.

Claims (1)

METHOD FOR GROWING GRAVED GRAPPLE SEEDLINGS by obtaining green rootstock cuttings and by _: howling, subsequent grafting and seedlings, growing seedlings under controlled conditions, characterized in that, in order to reduce the growing time and increase the yield of quality planting material, green rootstock cuttings are obtained from uterine bushes previously subjected to vygonka, for rootstock Use two-eyed cuttings, cut before flowering uterine bushes, vaccination is carried out after planting, rooting and re- oh forcing the rootstock cuttings when they reach a length of 50-60 cm. έ ω>