CN114009233B - Tea tree grafting seedling raising method and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tea tree cultivation, in particular to a method for grafting and raising seedlings of tea trees and application thereof, and the method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a stock and selecting a proper scion; (2) cutting the stock; (3) scion cutting; (4) cutting the scion; (5) binding; (6) The management after grafting solves the problems that the grafting time of the existing bud seedling stock is relatively fixed, the growth vigor of the tea seedling after grafting is relatively slow, the seedling period is long, the tea seeds are highly heterozygous, and the grafted seedling characters may be different due to the separation of the characters of the seed stock.

Description

Tea tree grafting seedling raising method and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of tea tree cultivation, in particular to a method for grafting and seedling raising of tea trees and application thereof.

Background

Grafting is one of vegetative propagation modes of plants and is widely applied to fruit tree and vegetable breeding. Grafting can not only keep the excellent characters of scion varieties, but also utilize the favorable characteristics of stocks to achieve the capability of enhancing cold resistance, drought resistance and disease and insect resistance, and becomes a novel and environment-friendly and effective technology for cultivating the varieties at present.

When the garden plant improved variety is popularized, the vegetative propagation is the main mode, so that the excellent characters of the variety can be reserved to the greatest extent. At present, the fine variety propagation of tea trees mainly adopts cutting, wherein short-spike nursery land cutting is mostly adopted. The method mainly comprises the steps of selecting and storing tea tree seeds, cultivating the buds, collecting tea tree scions, cutting the scions to obtain buds, and planting and managing the grafted seedlings. However, in consideration of the problems of complicated procedures, long seedling raising period, relatively high cost and the like, the tea tree grafting seedling raising technology is less applied to actual production.

Bud stock grafting generally has the following disadvantages: 1. the grafting time is relatively fixed, the seasonality is extremely strong, the mature picking of tea tree seeds is in autumn, the seeds are not stored for more than 6 months, and the germination rate is greatly reduced, so that the optimal time for bud stock grafting is generally fixed in the middle and late 5 months of the second year. 2. The growth of the grafted tea seedlings is relatively slow, the seedlings can be transplanted after one year, and the seedling raising period is long. 3. The bud stock grafting stock is cultivated from seeds, the tea tree seeds are highly heterozygous, and the characteristics are separated, so that the characteristics of the grafting seedlings possibly have certain difference due to unstable characteristics of the stock.

In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the conventional grafting methods, the present inventors have finally obtained the present invention through long-time studies and practices.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems that the grafting time of the existing bud seedling stock is relatively fixed, the growth vigor of the grafted tea seedling is relatively slow, the seedling raising period is long, the tea tree seeds are highly heterozygous, and the characteristics of the grafted seedlings are possibly different due to the separation of the characteristics of the seed stock, and provides a method for grafting and raising the seedlings of the tea tree and application of the method.

In order to achieve the aim, the invention discloses a method for grafting and raising seedlings of tea trees, which comprises the following steps:

s1: preparing a stock and selecting a proper scion;

s2: cutting stock: selecting a grafting part on a trunk, chamfering a cutter downwards along an angle of 30 degrees at the grafting part by a blade to form a short inclined plane with the length of 0.8-1 cm, and then lightly chamfering the blade downwards from the upper part of a notch to form a long inclined plane with the length of 2-3 cm;

s3: cutting scions: cutting off the scion axillary bud from the right lower direction to form a short inclined plane with the length of 0.8-1 cm, then cutting off the scion bud from the opposite side to the lower direction to form an inclined plane with the length of 2-3cm, cutting off the branches 1cm above the axillary bud, and reserving half leaves on the scion;

s4: scion: inserting the scions into the short cuts of the stock in the step S2, respectively attaching the scions to the long and short inclined planes of the stock, and aligning the cambium;

s5: binding: tightly wrapping the parts except for the scion axillary buds by using a plastic binding belt to finish grafting;

s6: and (3) post-grafting management: spraying 800 times carbendazim for sterilization, then placing the grafted seedlings in a plastic arch shed, timely wiping buds on the stock in the later stage, spraying 0.2% -1% of urea in sequence every 15 days after grafting for 30 days, and watering and diluting 800-1000 times of water-soluble fertilizer every 15 days after grafting for 3 months, wherein N: p: the K ratio is 15:15:15;

s7: cutting anvil and unbinding in batches: after the new scion shoots germinate, cutting off the stock above the grafting part in batches, unbinding, namely, longitudinally cutting one side without the scion by a blade, incapable of damaging the cortex of the stock, and then taking down the broken binding belt.

In the step S1, a stock is selected from a clone container seedling with a stem thickness of more than 3mm and a full age, pruning is carried out one week before grafting, leaves and branches with a trunk distance of less than 10cm from a base are removed, 2-4 leaves at the upper part are reserved, and water is fully poured.

In the step S1, the scion is selected from half lignified branches with full axillary buds and current year without diseases and insect pests.

In the step S2, the grafting part is selected at the position 5-10cm away from the base part on the trunk.

In the step S3, the scion is cut down from 1cm right below the axillary buds of the scion.

The width of the plastic strap in the step S5 is 3cm.

In the step S7, when 3-4 true leaves are unfolded on the scion, half of the stock is cut off, and when the new shoots of the scion reach more than 20cm, the stock is cut off at the grafting position for the second time.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the container seedling stock is more convenient to obtain than the seed stock, is not limited by seasons, and can realize four seasons grafting;

2. the invention takes a annual container clone seedling with good growth vigor and strong resistance as a stock, takes a fine variety semi-lignified branch as a scion, adopts the techniques of grafting on the base part of a trunk, grafting on the long and short inclined planes of the scion, cutting off the stock by times, foliage dressing and the like, realizes grafting and breeding of the seedling, grafting in the same year and outplanting in the same year; the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the

3. The stock in the invention is a clone seedling, and the genetic characters among grafts are stable and consistent.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of stock pruning;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a cut stock;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a cut scion, with a long scion bevel on the left, a side scion in the middle, and a short scion bevel on the right;

fig. 4 is a schematic drawing of a cutting scion and a binding, wherein the cutting scion is attached to long and short inclined planes of a stock respectively, and cambium alignment is achieved; the right is binding, namely, the plastic binding band is used for tightly packing the part outside the axillary buds of the scion;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a first anvil shear;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a second anvil shear;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of unbinding;

fig. 8 is a comparison of leave and leave-out of the rootstock, left leave-out of the rootstock, right leave-out of the rootstock;

FIG. 9 is a comparison of scion leave versus no leave, left for scion no leave, right for scion leave;

FIG. 10 is a graph showing the comparison of split grafting and the long and short oblique grafting of the upper ear of the trunk, with split grafting on the left and short oblique grafting of the upper ear of the trunk on the right;

FIG. 11 is a graph comparing grafted seedlings according to the present invention with bud stock grafted seedlings;

FIG. 12 is a graph showing growth of Yinghong No. 9/Zhongcha 108 after grafting for 7 months;

FIG. 13 is a graph showing growth of Yinghong No. 9/Shucha after 3 months of early grafting.

Detailed Description

The above and further technical features and advantages of the present invention are described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example 1

Grafting with Zhonghuang No. 1 as scion and Zhongcha 108 as stock, wherein the grafting steps are as follows:

1) Preparation of a stock: selecting a clone container seedling with a stem thickness of more than 3mm, pruning one week before grafting, removing leaves and branches with a trunk distance of less than 10cm from the base, retaining 2-4 leaves at the upper part, and watering fully; the detail is shown in figure 1, the left part is the leaf and the small branch of the root stock, which are before the pruning of the root stock, namely, one week before grafting, are cut off the branch at the top end of the root stock, and the trunk is removed below 10cm from the base; the right is that after the stock is trimmed, the basal part is less than 10cm and has no leaves and small branches, and the upper part is provided with 2 to 4 leaves; the stock is selected from a container seedling of a full-age tea tree clone with a stem thickness of more than 3mm, the container seedling can be transplanted out in four seasons, the acquisition is convenient, the root system is not lost during the transplanting, the transplanting survival rate is high, and the seedling reviving period is avoided. Therefore, the grafting time is flexible, is not limited by seasons, and provides guarantee for the survival and the rapid growth of the grafting body. The clone is small and Miao Zhenmu has consistent characters, and the problem that the characters of the grafted seedlings of the seed buds and the anvils are unstable is avoided. Small Miao Zhenmu is trimmed and watered one week in advance, which is favorable for eliminating top advantages and promoting the moisture transportation of the stock.

2) Selecting scions: selecting semi-lignified branches with current year, no plant diseases and insect pests and full axillary buds as scions;

3) Cutting stock: selecting a position which is 5-10cm away from the base part and is relatively smooth as a grafting position on the trunk, and chamfering a cutter downwards along an angle of 30 degrees on the grafting position by the cutter to form a short inclined plane with the length of 0.8-1.0 cm; subsequently, the blade is gently cut downwards from above the incision to form a long inclined plane of 2-3cm, and the detail is shown in figure 2;

4) Cutting scions: cutting down from the position 1cm below the axillary bud of the scion to form a short inclined plane with the length of 0.8-1.0 cm; then, the axillary buds are lightly cut downwards from the opposite sides to form an inclined plane of 2-3cm, the branches are cut off 1cm above the axillary buds, half leaves are reserved on scions, and details are shown in figure 3; the method for cutting the stock and the scion increases the butting area of the scion and the cambium of the stock, and solves the problem of low survival rate caused by small Miao Zhenmu stems which are not large in size and split grafting. The scion leaves retain half leaves, so that the transpiration effect of the scion leaves is reduced, and certain nutrient substances are provided for the germination of scion axillary buds.

5) Scion: inserting the scion into the short inclined plane of the stock, respectively attaching the scion to the long and short inclined planes of the stock, aligning the cambium, and showing a detail in fig. 4;

6) Binding: tightly wrapping the parts except for the scion axillary buds by using a plastic belt with the width of 3cm to finish grafting, wherein the details are shown in figure 4; the grafting scion is tightly bound by the plastic binding band, so that the scion and the stock joint are tightly attached, meanwhile, the water loss of the joint is prevented, in addition, 2-4 stock leaves are reserved, the growth of the seedling stock can be ensured, and the water and nutrient supply for the germination and rapid growth of the grafting scion is provided.

7) And (3) post-grafting management: the grafted seedling is sprayed with 800 times carbendazim for disinfection and then placed in a plastic arch shed. The buds of the stock are wiped in time in the later period; after grafting for 30 days, 0.2% urea was sprayed every 15 days. After grafting for 3 months, water-soluble fertilizer which is diluted 1000 times is required to be irrigated every 15 days, and the ratio of N to P to K is 15:15:15, so that the nutrient requirement of normal growth of grafted seedlings is met.

8) Cutting anvil and unbinding in batches: after the new scion shoots germinate, cutting off the stock above the grafting part in batches, and cutting off half of the stock for the first time (see figure 5) when 3-4 true leaves are unfolded; cutting off the stock at the grafting position for the second time (see figure 6), when the time is more than 20cm from the new tip of the scion, performing unbinding treatment (see figure 7) after cutting off the stock for the second time, namely, on the side without the scion, using a blade to vertically scratch a knife, not damaging the cortex of the stock, then taking off the broken binding band, cutting off the stock for the first time, and cutting off only half of the stock above the grafting port, wherein the grafting port is possibly not healed completely although the scion grows 3-4 leaves at the moment, the stock is broken too early, the activity of the scion is kept, and death is caused when the scion is serious; secondly, the photosynthesis of the new shoots of the cutting slips is weak, and part of stock leaves can be reserved to continuously provide nutrients for the stock leaves. And cutting off the stock for the second time, cutting off the rest stock above the grafting interface, and at the moment, cutting off all stock leaves as the grafting interface is fully healed and the first round of new growth of the scion is basically finished, so that the influence on the continued growth of the scion new shoots is avoided.

The survival rate is counted after 5 months of grafting, and the survival rate reaches 82%.

Comparative example 1

Compared with the embodiment 1, the other steps are the same as those of the embodiment 1, the grafting is carried out for 5 months, and the treatment pair is shown in fig. 8, wherein the scion which the leaves are not left on the stock is dehydrated, dried and dead after five months of grafting, and the scion axillary buds which are left on the stock in the embodiment normally germinate and shoot.

Comparative example 2

Compared with the embodiment 1, the other steps are the same as those of the embodiment 1, after 5 months of grafting, the treatment is carried out, for example, as shown in fig. 9, after five months of grafting, the scion leaves are not left, the scion is easy to die, and the final survival rate is less than 10%; while the scion leaves in the embodiment, the axillary buds germinate normally and shoot, and the survival rate can reach 82%.

Comparative example 3

Compared with the embodiment 1, the grafting mode adopts the traditional method, namely split grafting, and the split grafting steps are as follows: firstly, cutting the stock, cutting off the part of the stock trunk which is more than 10cm away from the base part, cutting the incision flatly, and longitudinally cutting a knife in the middle of the stock to a depth of about 1cm. And cutting the scion, cutting a symmetrical wedge-shaped scion with the length of about 1.2cm at a position 0.5-0.7cm away from the lower part of the axillary bud of the scion, wherein the branches at the upper part of the axillary bud remain about 0.3cm, and half leaves are reserved on the scion. And finally, inserting the cut scions into the stock, aligning at least one side of the scions, and binding and stabilizing the scions from bottom to top by using a grafting binding belt, wherein the insertion depth is slightly exposed by the scion section. The other operations are the same as in example 1 except for the grafting operation steps, and after 6 months of grafting, the survival rate of grafted seedlings by split grafting is only 7% after five months of grafting, as shown in fig. 10, which is obviously lower than that of grafted seedlings in the method of the invention.

Comparative example 4

Compared with the embodiment 1, the grafting method adopts bud stock grafting, firstly, the seed stock is cultivated in sand in 10 months of the previous year or 2 months of the current year; then grafting is carried out in the last ten days of 5 months to the last ten days of 6 months, and the grafting steps comprise: cutting scion, namely cutting the scion into 2 inclined planes at 0.5cm lower parts of two sides of the axillary bud, cutting the scion into 1.3-1.4cm long cut surfaces, and cutting off at 0.2cm upper branch and stem of the bud tip to obtain a scion with one bud and one leaf; cutting the stock, namely breaking the standard stock from the center of the hypocotyl by using a grafting blade, wherein the breaking depth is 1.4-1.6cm; then, inserting the cut scion into the hypocotyl incision, tightly attaching the lower part of the scion to the bottom of the stock hypocotyl incision, and tightly pinching and folding by using an aluminum sheet; and finally, temporarily planting the seedlings on the seedbed covered with the plastic greenhouse. After the growth of a round of young shoots of the grafted seedlings is finished, the growth conditions of the young shoots are investigated, four seedlings are randomly picked up, and the growth conditions are shown in figure 11. The growth vigor of the grafted seedling in the invention is obviously better than that of bud stock grafting, the average height of the new shoots of the grafted seedling can reach 17.46cm, and the average leaf area is 18.95cm ² While the average height of the new shoots of the bud stock grafted seedlings is only 9.46cm, and the average leaf area is 17.05cm ² 。

Example 2

In order to explore the grafting effect between the Yinghong No. 9 of the large leaf variety and the middle and small leaf variety, the Yinghong No. 9 is taken as a scion, the middle tea 108 is taken as a stock for grafting, three seedlings are randomly picked up for photographing after 7 months of grafting, the grafted seedlings grow as shown in fig. 12, after 7 months of grafting, the grafted seedlings grow well, the basal stems of young shoots are thicker than 2mm, the average height reaches 24.32cm, and the nursery-out standard is reached.

Example 3

In order to explore the grafting effect between the Yinghong No. 9 of the large leaf variety and the Shucha early of the national variety, the Yinghong No. 9 is used as a scion, the Shucha early is used as a stock for grafting, the grafted seedling grows as shown in fig. 13 after 3 months of grafting, the grafted seedling grows well after 3 months of grafting, and the growth height of a scion young shoot is over 20cm.

The foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the invention is merely illustrative of the invention and is not intended to be limiting. It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that many variations, modifications, and even equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (4)

1. The method for grafting and raising the seedlings of the tea trees is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

s1: preparing a stock and selecting a proper scion;

s2: cutting stock: selecting a grafting position on a trunk, chamfering a cutter downwards along an angle of 30 degrees at the grafting position by using a blade to form a short inclined plane with the length of 0.8-1 cm, and then lightly chamfering the blade downwards from the upper part of a notch to form a long inclined plane with the length of 2-3 cm;

s3: cutting scions: cutting off the scion from the right lower direction of the axillary bud to form an end inclined plane with the length of 0.8-1 cm, then, lightly cutting off the opposite side of the axillary bud to form a long inclined plane with the length of 2-3cm, cutting off the branches 1cm above the axillary bud, and reserving half leaves on the scion;

s4: scion: inserting the scions into the short inclined planes of the stock in the step S2, respectively attaching the scions to the long and short inclined planes of the stock, and aligning the cambium;

s5: binding: tightly wrapping the parts except for the scion axillary buds by using a plastic binding belt to finish grafting;

s6: and (3) post-grafting management: spraying and sterilizing grafted seedlings with 800 times carbendazim, then placing the grafted seedlings in a plastic arch shed, timely wiping buds on the stock in the later stage, spraying 0.2% -1% of urea every 15 days after grafting for 30 days, and watering and diluting 800-1000 times of water-soluble fertilizer every 15 days after grafting for 3 months, wherein N: p: the K ratio is 15:15:15;

s7: cutting anvil and unbinding in batches: after the new scion shoots germinate, cutting off the stock above the grafting part in batches, and unbinding, namely, longitudinally cutting a knife with a blade on the side without the scion, so that the cortex of the stock cannot be damaged, and then taking down the broken binding belt;

in the step S1, selecting a clone container seedling with a stem thickness of more than 3mm and a full age, pruning one week before grafting, removing leaves and branches with a trunk distance of less than 10cm from a base, retaining 2-4 leaves at the upper part, and watering fully;

in the step S2, the grafting part is selected at the position 5-10cm away from the base part on the trunk;

in the step S7, when 3-4 true leaves are unfolded on the scion, half of the stock is cut off, and when the new shoots of the scion reach more than 20cm for the second time, the stock is cut off at the grafting position;

the method for grafting and raising seedlings of the tea trees is applied to grafting of medium yellow No. 1 on medium tea 108, grafting of British red No. 9 on medium tea 108 or early grafting of British red No. 9 on Shucha.

2. The method for grafting and raising tea tree seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the scion in the step S1 is selected from semi-lignified branches which are current in year, free of diseases and insect pests and full in axillary buds.

3. The method for grafting and raising tea tree seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in said step S3, the scion is cut down from 1cm just below the axillary buds.

4. The method for grafting and raising tea tree seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the width of the plastic strap in said step S5 is 3cm.