RU2335887C1 - Method for cutting and formation of grape bushes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method includes introduction of one direct bole, arms-cordons from one arm, placed in helical fashion on horizontal wire of single-tier vertical lane. Annual cut of arms is performed on 1-2 eyes. Fully-grown annual gain of arms is placed freely with possibility of arms hanging from both sides of the row. During second vegetation two strong arms are grown up on bushes; they are weaved after lignification into one twisted bole 1.0...1.5 meters high, tied up to temporary bole stake. Cutting of the arms is performed at a bole height. Four top well developed arms are left during third vegetation on every bole. Two twisted shoulders are formed of arms, having been suspended using hooks in horizontal position to a wall board wire on both sides from the bole on length of row so that counter arms gush over each other.

EFFECT: possibility to raise efficiency of grape plantings to provide convenient cutting and replacement of damaged or out-of-date arms without infringement of lane and optimum loading of bushes with eyes and crop.

6 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to viticulture, and can be used in industrial technology for the cultivation of this crop.

There is a method of cultivating grape bushes as a two-shouldered horizontal cordon, including row planting of bushes with a layout of 3 × 2.0-2.5 m, growing two strong shoots, creating twisted stem from them 100 ... 120 cm high, attaching the trunk to two tiers of trellis wire at heights of 50 and 120 cm, the formation of two horizontal shoulders of a cordon with fruit links, the fastening of green fruitful shoots to the wire of the third tier of trellis, followed by free overhang (Markin M.I. Grape Culture on the Sands. - M .: VO Agropro Mizdat, 1998, p. 81-88) - analogue.

This method eliminates the installation of standard stakes in each bush, but for attaching the stem to the support, an additional tension of one tier of wire at a height of 50 cm from the soil surface is required. With this method of maintaining grape bushes, high costs are required for the garter of cord sleeves and green shoots, the formation of fruit links, the periodic rejuvenation of the horns as they elongate, the periodic removal of the vine from the trellis wire when pruning the bushes.

A known method of maintaining grape bushes according to the type of AZOS spiral cordon, including row planting of bushes, forming a stem 1.3 ... 1.5 m high, a single-wire trellis at the height of the stem, spiral-shaped cordon shoulders around a trellis wire, the formation of 1-2 eye knots on each node along the length of the shoulder and free overhang of the annual growth (Zhukov A.I. Grape nursery. - Anapa, 2002, p.30) - prototype.

The creation of permanent eye cord sleeves, instead of fruit links, 1-2 eye knots reduces the process of forming bushes by one year and makes it easier to care for them. With helical formation of the sleeves, only one garter of the spiral cordon to the wire in its upper part is required.

However, leaving one or two-eyed knots on the nodes of the sleeves in many grape varieties leads to underloading of bushes with eyes, harvest, and also the appearance of fatlique shoots. In addition, as the sleeves thicken, the trellis wire cuts into the bark and wood tissue, which makes it difficult for water from the root system to supply nutrients dissolved in it through the wood vessels to the aboveground organs of the bush and outflow of plastic substances through the bast to the lower elevated and underground parts of the bush. When replacing a dead or old unproductive sleeve, you have to remove them together with the wire, because it is almost impossible to free them from the wire. As a result, additional labor and material costs are required.

The technical solution to the problem is to reduce the complexity of cultivating vineyards, increase their productivity and profitability, ease of trimming and replacing damaged or obsolete sleeves without disturbing the trellis, and establish the optimal load of bushes with eyes and crops.

This object is achieved by the fact that in the method of trimming and forming grape bushes, including the removal of one straight stem, cord sleeves from one shoot placed spirally on a horizontal wire of a single-tier vertical trellis, while the annual pruning of shoots is carried out for 1-2 eyes, and the developed the annual growth of shoots is freely placed, with the possibility of overhanging shoots on both sides of the row, characterized in that during the second growing season two strong shoots are brought up on the bushes and weaved After lumbering in one twisted stump 1.0 ... 1.5 m high, they are tied to a temporary standard stake, and they are trimmed at the height of the stem; during the third vegetation, four well-developed upper shoots are left on each branch of the bush, formed from them two twisted shoulders, hanging them with hooks in a horizontal position to the trellis wire on both sides of the socket along the length of the row so that the opposing sleeves overlap each other.

With the proposed method, the grape bushes finish forming in the fourth year of vegetation and they enter the time of full fruiting.

The authors and the applicant see the novelty in the creation of a horizontal cordon on a twisted trunk, also created from two shoots, hanging on hooks of a twisted twisted from two shoots on bushes.

The positive effect is the accelerated accumulation of a significant amount of perennial bush wood due to the twisted trunk and twisted cordon shoulders; the simplicity of pruning bushes when creating one-two-eyed knots on each node of twisted cordons; in establishing the optimal load of bushes with eyes and shoots; in the earlier entry of bushes into fruiting and increasing the productivity of vineyards; the wire with such an attachment of the cordon shoulders does not cut into the bast and wood tissue, which allows you to replace or rejuvenate them without removing the trellis wire.

Example. Testing the proposed method of forming and maintaining grape bushes (Fig. 1) was carried out in the educational-experimental farm “Kuban” of the Kuban State Agrarian University of Krasnodar on 100 bushes of the Bianka variety. As a control, we tested a method for the formation and management of grape bushes according to the prototype on 100 bushes of the same variety. The scheme of planting bushes according to the proposed method and in the control of 3 × 2 m

With the proposed method of maintaining grape bushes in the spring of the second year of vegetation, the bushes were trimmed with two 2-eye knots on each (figure 2). After buds were opened in the bushes during the wreckage, two normally developed shoots were left (to create future stems), which, as they grew, were tied to a standard stake (Fig. 3). In the spring, before the start of the third vegetation, the shoots left on the bush were cut off at a height of 150 cm from the soil surface and woven into a single twisted stump. After budding, with a fragment on a twisted stem, all shoots were removed from the base, except for the four top ones (Fig. 4).

After the third growing season, the ripened four left shoots were cut to a length equal to half the distance between the bushes, then braided in pairs in the form of a braid, creating two cordons, and hung on hooks horizontally to the trellis wire in different directions from the twisted trunk (Fig. 5). With an inter-articular distance in the rows of 2.0 m, the load on each twisted shoulder of the bush was 25 ... 30 eyes, in total about 50 ... 60 eyes on the bush.

During the fourth growing season, shoots developed from the eyes of a twisted cordon, hanging down freely, were placed on both sides of the row. All shoots that developed on a twisted stem were removed during the wreckage (Fig.6).

In subsequent years, when trimming on twisted cordons, one-eyed knots were left.

In the control, pruning and formation of vine bushes was carried out according to the technology adopted as a prototype. During the first three years, a shtamb and two sleeves were bred on the bush. By the beginning of the second growing season, the trellis was made single-wire, 1.5 m high. The cordon shoulders were formed from one shoot in the form of a cordon uniform for all bushes along the entire length of the row, wrapping them with a trellis wire around the helix so that the opposite arms of neighboring bushes would not overlap each other less than two screw steps.

In subsequent years, 1-2 eye knots were left on the sleeves when trimming. Shoots developed from the eyes of a knot, under the weight of their own weight and bunches, change the direction of growth (grow down in the same plane).

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed method for trimming and forming grape bushes was carried out by comparing the productivity indicators of the bushes with the prototype.

The influence of the formation of Bianca bushes on the productivity of vineyards (average for 3 years) Indicators Spiral cordon AZOS (prototype) Twisted cordon with twisted stem (offered) Productivity, t / ha 91.3 132.7 The mass of the bunch, g 136 129 The load on the bush, shoots thirty 42 Fruitful shoots,% 86 91

The data in the table indicate that on average for 3 years of fruiting the Bianca variety, the grape yield per hectare with the proposed method of planting was significantly higher compared to the prototype by increasing the fruitfulness of shoots and increasing the optimal load of bushes by shoots. The method of trimming and forming bushes did not significantly affect the average mass of the bunch.

Claims (1)

The method of trimming and forming grape bushes, including the removal of one straight stem, cordon sleeves from one shoot placed spirally on a horizontal wire of a single-tier vertical trellis, while the annual pruning of shoots is carried out by 1-2 eyes, and the developed annual growth of shoots is freely placed, with the possibility of overhanging shoots on both sides of the row, characterized in that during the second growing season two strong shoots are raised on the bushes, they are weaved after lumbering into one twisted stump th 1.0 ... 1.5 m, they are tied to a temporary stand-up stake, and they are trimmed at the height of the stem, during the third vegetation on each bush of the bush, four well-developed upper shoots are left, two twisted shoulders are formed from them, hanging them using hooks in a horizontal position to the trellis wire on both sides of the stem along the length of the row so that the opposing sleeves overlap each other.

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