RU2442317C2 - Way to direct grape bushes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method assumes that the plants are set, the support is installed, the body, the cordon shoulders and the arms of the bush are cut and formed, and placed on the support. The grape bushes are placed on the umbrella-shaped arbor that is arranged on the cross-bar with the width of 120-150 cm of the T-support. The wire is stretched at the ends and in the centre of the bar. The bushes are formed on the high body of 140-150 cm. 2 shoulders drawing away from the head of the body each have 2-3 arms with several fruit formations on each arm. The upper arms directed right-about are attached to the central wire of the fruit-frame in the form of the cordon shoulder. Every 20-25 cm of this shoulder is marked by carob beans with fruit branches. The subsequent sleeves with fruit canes, 2 on each side, are attached to the end wires of the fruit-frame. Growing scions during the vegetational season on the arms of the medium wire are placed on the horizontal part of the fruit-frame, as for the end arms, they are freely hanging towards the spacing of the vineyard.

EFFECT: increase in the plant productivity and improvement of the vintage quality.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to viticulture, and can be used in the cultivation of grapes in all areas of viticulture.

A known method of maintaining grape bushes (K.V. Smirnov, L.M. Maltabar, A.K. Rajabov, N.V. Matuzok, Viticulture. Moscow. Publishing House TSHA. - 1998. - P.296-297). The method includes planting bushes according to the 3 × 3 m pattern. In the first 2-3 years, a 2-meter-high stub is formed, with which sleeves and shoots are carried out on a wire ceiling with 30-40 cm cells and in the same place they form bushes like Moser, fan or cordon form.

A disadvantage of the known method of management is the high material consumption on the construction of trellis and plant care, poor ventilation of plants under the canopy of the trellis, i.e. in the zone of arrangement of bunches, which leads to increased damage to the leaf-stem apparatus and yield of fungal diseases.

There is also known a method of maintaining a grape bush (AS No. 1003783, class A01G 17/02), including planting the plants, forming the stem, cordon shoulders and bush sleeves, placing them on a support with a free arrangement of vines.

A significant disadvantage of this method is the limited extent of the support on which the skeletal parts of the bushes and leaf-stemming apparatus are located. This limits the possibility of applying the increased load norm of bushes with shoots and crops.

There is also known a method of maintaining a high-stemmed vineyard with a star-shaped form of bushes on a high horizontal trellis (Ergesyan R.A., Gasanyan G.M., Abazyan M.K. Star-shaped high-stemmed formation of a grape bush. - Gardening, viticulture and winemaking of Moldova. - 1982. - No. 8. - P.34-36) (prototype), including the creation of trellis in the form of a horizontal wire mesh with cells 40 × 40 cm at a height of 240 cm, on which the fruiting organs of the bush are placed.

A significant disadvantage of this method is the high material consumption of the created trellis and high labor costs for caring for the bushes, low labor productivity for trimming bushes and harvesting.

The objective of the invention is to reduce labor costs, improve the conditions of plant vegetation, increase their productivity and quality of berries.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of maintaining a grape bush, including planting plants, forming a stem, cordon shoulders and bush sleeves, placing them on a support, grape bushes are placed on a T-shaped horizontal support arranged on a transverse strip with a width (120-150 cm ), at the ends and center of which a wire is pulled (d - 2.5-3 mm). The bushes are formed on a high stem (140-150 cm), from the head of which 2 shoulders with 2-3 sleeves on each, in the form of a spider, with several fruit formations on each shoulder depart. Moreover, the upper sleeves directed in opposite directions attach to the central wire trellis in the form of a cordon shoulder, on which horns with fruit links are created every 20-25 cm. Subsequent sleeves of 2 on each side are attached to the trellis extreme wires, at the ends of which they create a fruit link (a knot and a fruiting arrow). The arrow is attached with one or two turns along the wire. When pruning the bushes, the prolific shooter is removed, and a new fruit link is formed from the shoots on the replacement knot. Thus, the developing shoots during the growing season on the sleeves on the middle wire are placed on the horizontal part of the trellis, and on the extreme hang freely towards the aisle of the vineyard. As a result, the architectonics of Gnoevskaya E., Shedko V. of the crown of the bushes sharply increases, the area of the leaf surface and the illumination of the leaf apparatus increase, which ultimately leads to a sharp increase in plant productivity and improve the quality of the grape harvest.

New is the proposed structure for the formation and maintenance of the grape bush.

Essential in the proposed technical solution is that with this method the vine bushes are placed on a horizontal T-shaped, directed across the row, support with three tiers of wires. The bushes are formed on a high stem (140-150 cm), from the head of which 2 shoulders with 2-3 sleeves on each, in the form of a spider, with several fruit formations on each shoulder depart. Moreover, the upper sleeves directed in opposite directions attach trellis to the central wire, on which horns with fruit links are created every 20-25 cm. Subsequent sleeves of 2 on each side are attached to the trellis extreme wires, at the ends of which they create a fruit link (a knot and a fruiting arrow). The arrow is attached with one or two turns along the wire. When pruning the bushes, the prolific shooter is removed, and a new fruit link is formed from the shoots on the replacement knot.

The implementation of the claimed method is illustrated by drawings, where Figs. 1-4 schematically depict the formation of bushes by the proposed method:

1 grape bush;

2 knot;

3 T-shaped support;

4 transverse strip of the T-shaped support;

5 wire;

6 shoot, intended for the formation of the stem;

7 stepson shoots;

8 stepson shoots of the second order;

9 branches;

10 shoulder;

11 fruit link;

12 elongated sleeves;

13 arrow fruiting;

14 knot substitution;

15 shtamb.

The method is as follows. The vineyard is laid with aisles of 3.5-4 meters. In a row, landing is performed with distances between them of 2-2.5 meters.

In the year of planting, they create favorable conditions for the good development of the root system and leaf apparatus.

In the second vegetation, the formation of a high-stem bush consisting of a stem 15 (Fig. 4) (height 140-150 cm), two shoulders of a cordon 10 with two sleeves 12 (Fig. 4) on each is started. To do this, on the bush 1 (figure 1) leave one knot 2, cutting it into 2 eyes. Each bush has a T-shaped support - 3, on the transverse bar - 4, which, at the ends and center, stretch the wire 5 with a diameter of 2-3 mm.

After the development of shoots on the bush (figure 2) leave one well-located shoot 6, which, as it grows, is attached vertically to the support 3. When the shoot reaches the cross bar, pinch it. Developed after this operation, the stepson shoots are removed with the exception of the two upper-7, which they pinch when they reach a length of 40-50 cm to form ^second- order stepchildren 8, which are used to form branches of 9 shoulders 10 of the bush (Fig. 3).

In the spring of the third year, they trim the bushes. Stepsons 8 are used to form 2 ^x shoulders 10 of the cordon and 4 ^x sleeves 12, two on each side. The upper vines are attached along to the middle wire, and lower to the outer wires to form the sleeves (Figs. 3 and 4).

In the spring of the fourth year, the bushes are pruned. The upper vines on the shoulders, directed in opposite directions, are attached to the trellis central wire, on which fruit links 11 are created every 20-25 cm (Fig. 4). Four subsequent sleeves 12, two on each side, are attached to the outer wires of the trellis, at the ends of which create a fruit link 11 (arrow and knot of substitution). Arrow 13 is attached with one or two turns along the wire. When pruning the bushes, the prolific shooter is removed, and a new fruit link is formed from shoots on substitution knot 14.

In the fourth growing season and in subsequent years, the fundamental nature of pruning does not change, i.e. the developed shoots with the crop during the growing season on the shoulders 10 are placed on the horizontal part of the trellis, and on the elongated sleeves 12 freely hang from the extreme wires of the trellis towards the aisle of the vineyard. As a result of this, the architectonics of the crown of the bushes sharply increases, the area of the leaf surface, the illumination of the leaf apparatus increases, which ultimately leads to a sharp increase in plant productivity and improved crop quality.

Claims (1)

A method of maintaining grape bushes, including planting plants, installing a support, trimming and forming a stem, cordon shoulders and bush sleeves, placing them on a support, characterized in that the grape bushes are placed on a horizontal trellis arranged on a transverse strip 120-150 cm wide T- shaped support, while at the ends and the center of the plank they extend the wire, and the bushes are formed on a high stem of 140-150 cm, from the head of which 2 shoulders with 2-3 sleeves on each, with several fruit formations on each shoulder extend, and the upper arms Avas directed in opposite directions are attached to the central wire of a trellis in the form of a cordon shoulder, on which horns with fruit links are created every 20-25 cm, in addition, subsequent sleeves with fruit vines, 2 on each side, are attached to the extreme wires trellises, developing shoots during the growing season on the sleeves on the middle wire, are placed on the horizontal part of the trellis, and on the extreme, hang freely in the direction of the aisle of the vineyard.

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