RU2357406C2 - Method of vine bush cultivation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method implies planting, installing a support, pruning, forming bushes and fruiting zone, fixing bushes on the support. The bushes are formed on a high bole; two types of fruit spears are formed on the same arm: lower ones - freely hanging from the support and upper ones - twined around the espalier and fixed at the tip. The lower freely hanging spears are cut by 5-8 eyes and the upper ones - by 9-14 eyes. Replacement knot is placed in the arm base after cutting by 3-4 eyes.

EFFECT: invention allows for increasing fruit yield and quality and improving plant resistance to stresses.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to viticulture, and can be used in the cultivation of grapes in all areas of viticulture.

A known method of maintaining grape bushes (K.V. Smirnov, L.M. Maltabar, A.K. Rajabov, N.V. Matuzok, Viticulture. Moscow. Publishing house TSHA. - 1998. - p.339. Fig. 75) Method includes planting, forming a stem with one or two fruit units, which consist of a horn, a knot of substitution of 2-3 eyes long and a fruit arrow of 8-12 eyes. The fruit arrow is tied up horizontally on the first tier of the trellis.

The disadvantage of this method is that the grape bush has a small amount of perennial wood, low load. The method is used on dwarf grape varieties on compact plantings, which leads to increased costs for the care of plantings and low yields.

There is also known a method of maintaining bushes (A.S. Merzhanian. Viticulture. Moscow. Publishing House Kolos. - 1967. - p.337. Fig. 161), including planting plants, forming a stem with one or two horizontal shoulders of the cordon, installing a single-tier trellises, the formation of bushes and fruiting zones, the attachment of bushes to the support.

The disadvantage of this method is that the completion of the formation of bushes occurs with a delay of two years, i.e. 5-6 years after planting. A fixed position on the trellis of the cordon’s shoulders, due to the polarity, leads to lengthening of the cordon’s shoulders and their bareness in the lower and middle parts and thickening of the vines at the ends of the cordon’s shoulders. This leads to significant crop losses, violation of the formation of the bush and the additional cost of restoring the shoulders of the cordon.

There is also known a method of maintaining grape bushes ("Spiral cordon AZOS-1"; E. Egorov, A. Adzhiev and others. "Viticulture in Russia: present and future." - Makhachkala. Publishing house "New Day." - 2004. - p. 376. - Fig. 52) (prototype), including planting plants, installing a support, pruning, forming bushes and fruiting zones, attaching bushes to the support.

A disadvantage of the known method is that the cordon shoulders formed on a single-tier trellis by wrapping them around the helix of the trellis wire grow into the trellis wire, which creates great difficulties when repairing the trellis (tensioning the wire or the need to replace it or rejuvenating the cordon shoulder, etc. ) In addition, the narrowed crown space of the bush on a single-tier trellis and a short pruning of vines limits the possibility of increasing the load of the bushes with shoots and crops, leads to excessive thickening of shoots in the crown of the bushes, and to a decrease in the productivity of photosynthesis of the leaf apparatus.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the resistance of plants to stress factors of the growth environment, yield and quality of berries, the durability of the bushes. In addition, the method provides universalization of the reference system, i.e. the possibility of applying it in non-hiding and semi-hiding winegrowing in root and grafted vineyards.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of maintaining grape bushes, including planting plants, installing a support, pruning, forming bushes and fruiting zones, attaching bushes to the support, the bushes are formed on a high stem with shortened branches with knots shortened and directed along the axis along the row axis substitution at the base of the sleeve with a hanging arrow bearing fruit and an extended arrow bearing fruit, fixed along the trellis wire in several turns.

New is the proposed structure for the formation and maintenance of vine bushes, as well as a method for pruning vines.

What is significant in the proposed technical solution is that with this method two types of fruit arrows are formed on the same sleeve: the lower ones, which hang freely from the support, and the upper ones, which entwine the trellis wire (2-3 turns) and are fixed rigidly to the tip . The lower freely hanging arrows are cut short (5-8 eyes), and the upper ones are longer (9-14 eyes). A knot of substitution trimmed for 3-4 eyes is placed at the base of the sleeve.

The implementation of the claimed method is illustrated by drawings.

The drawings schematically depict the formation of bushes by the proposed method:

figure 1 - the second vegetation (spring);

figure 2 - the second vegetation (autumn);

figure 3 - the third vegetation (spring);

figure 4 - the third vegetation (autumn);

figure 5 - the fourth vegetation (spring).

1 grape bush;

2 knot;

3 shoot intended for the formation of a bush;

4 individual count; D

5 trellis wire;

6 trellis;

7 stepson shoots;

8 arrows for forming sleeves;

9 shoots designed to create a knot of substitution;

10 knots of substitution;

11 fruit bearing arrows hanging freely;

12 shoots designed to create an elongated fruiting arrow;

13 fruiting arrows attached along the trellis wire;

14 shoots designed to create free-hanging arrows.

The method is as follows. The vineyard is laid with aisles of 3-4 meters. In a row, bushes are planted with distances between them of 1-2-2.5 m.

In the year of planting, all conditions are created for the good development of the root system and the leaf apparatus. In the second growing season (Fig. 1), one knot (2) is left on the bush (1), cutting it into 2 eyes. After the development of shoots on the bush (Fig. 2), only one successfully located shoot (3) is left, which, as it grows, is tied to an individual stake (4). When the escaping wire (5) reaches the trellis (6), pinch it 10 cm below the wire. The stepson shoots developed after this operation are removed with the exception of the two uppermost ones, which then also pinch over the 6-8 internode.

In the spring of the third year (Fig. 3), stepchildren shoots (7) (Fig. 2) are cut into 3-4 eyes to form shortened sleeves, as well as vines of substitution and fruiting (8) (Fig. 3). During the growing season, all developed shoots on the stem are removed, and 6-12 shoots are left in the upper part of the bushes.

In the spring of the fourth year (Fig. 4), the bushes are pruned, from the lower shoots (9) they form knots of substitution (10) (Fig. 5), cutting them into 3-4 eyes, from the middle shoots (14) (Fig. 5) form arrows for free hanging with 5-8 eyes (11) (Fig. 5), and from the upper shoots (12) (Fig. 4) elongated arrows with 10-15 eyes (13) (Fig. 5) to place them along the wire by weaving them (2-3 turns) and fixing them at the tip of the arrow.

In the fifth growing season (figure 5) and subsequent years, the fundamental nature of pruning does not change. The deflated arrows (11) and (13) are removed, and from the shoots on the substitution knots (10) form a new substitution knot and new fruiting arrows in accordance with their purpose.

Placing knots of substitution at the base of the shortened sleeves, and the part of the fruiting arrows hanging from the trellis wire, and the part of the arrows fixed along the wire, allows you to maintain the fruiting area of the bush in a given space, increase the productivity of the vineyard by using the length of pruning of fruiting vines, increasing the crown space for placement of the leaf-stem apparatus, to increase the photosynthetic potential of plants and the quality of the crop, to simplify the method of pruning grape bushes.

The proposed method allows to increase the yield and quality of berries, in a wide range to maneuver the magnitude of the plant load by shoots and crops, to increase labor productivity and plant resistance to stressful situations.

Claims (1)

The method of maintaining grape bushes, including planting plants, installing a support, pruning, forming bushes and fruiting zones, attaching bushes to a support, characterized in that the bushes are formed on a high stem, on the same sleeve form two types of fruit arrows: lower, which hang freely from the support, and the upper ones, which entwine the trellis wire and are rigidly fixed to the tip, while the lower freely hanging arrows are cut into 5-8 eyes, and the upper ones by 9-14 eyes, and the replacement knot cut into 3-4 eyes placed in about warping the sleeves.

Images