RU2397638C1 - Method for formation and maintaining of vines in grape plantations - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to agriculture and gardening. Method includes row planting of vines with pattern of arrangement between rows of 2.5 m and more. In row between vines from 1 m and more with growing of one to three sprouts used to form stable twisted bole in the form of spiral, with height of 80 cm. Up to six shortened sleeves are formed above around stake on each sprout with canes, forming cup-like shape of bush medium in size. At the same time on the 3^rd year of life, in autumn, in process of cutting, one long sprout is left on both sides of each bush along the row, and sprouts are twisted between each other, forming twisted arms of cordon. They are horizontally tied at height of bole from one bush to another one to near-bush stakes. At the fourth year and further one canes are formed on twisted horizontal cordon in the form of cones with twigs cut by length of up to 3 eyes with free arrangement of growing annual sprouts on both sides of row, forming combined cup-like - cordon shape of bush.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to increase crop capacity and profitability of grape production.

2 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to viticulture, and can be used both in industrial technology for the cultivation of grapes and in amateur culture.

There is a method of forming and maintaining grape bushes, which includes a 3 × 1 m bushes layout scheme. Three shoots are brought up on the bushes, twisting them as they grow and partially lignify into a single twisted stump at a height of 80-100 cm, pinch each shoot above a twisted stem, causing a strong growth of the two upper stepsons on each, removing all the lower stepsons, and the formation of fruit links is carried out after the second vegetation by short cutting the ripened stepsons to 3 eyes with the creation of an unsupported cup-shaped bush with free overhang m future growth of shoots (patent №2190318) - analogue. It has been found that this method does not provide for unsupported and tapestry-free formation of bushes and management of vineyards on all grape varieties.

A known method of maintaining grape bushes with free overhang of annual shoots. In which planting is carried out with a layout between rows of 2.5 m or more, and in a row between bushes 1 m or more with the cultivation of one to three shoots, creating a stable twisted stem from them in the form of a spiral 80 cm or more high around the stake without garters, forming on each up to six shortened sleeves with fruit links, creating a medium-sized cupped shape of the bush (RF patent No. 2228022, CL. A01G 17/00 - prototype, see figure 2).

This method of forming and maintaining bushes makes it difficult to increase the load of the bushes with eyes when pruning, shoots during debris, and most importantly provides a grape harvest in between the bushes in a row.

The technical solution to the problem is to significantly increase the yield and profitability of grape production with bespaler management of plantings.

The problem is achieved in that in the method of forming and maintaining grape bushes, including an ordinary planting with a arrangement of bushes between rows of 2.5 m or more, and in a row between bushes of 1 m or more with the cultivation of one or three shoots, with the creation of them stable twisted stem in the form of a spiral with a height of 80 cm and above around the stake, forming on each up to six shortened sleeves with fruit links, creating a medium-sized cup-shaped shape of the bush with free overhanging annual growth, according to the invention is left on the 3rd year in the fall, when pruning from one and the other side of each bush along a row, one long shoot that is tied at the height of the bush from one bush to another to the neck stakes 1, and in the fourth and subsequent years on the twisted horizontal cordon create fruit links in the form of horns with knots that are cut to a length of 3 eyes with the free placement of growing shoots on both sides of the row, creating a combined cup-shaped cord shape of the bush in the absence of trellis wire and anchor posts.

The authors and the applicant see the novelty in the creation of a combined form of a bush in the form of a bowl with a stable twisted shoot of 2-3 shoots around the colic stake and a horizontal horizontal cordon along the row in the spaces between the bushes without tying it to the wire with free hanging of growing green and annual shoots.

The positive effect is to increase the productivity of plants planted by 20-25% compared with the bowl by creating on the bushes a cup-shaped along the row in between the bushes of a twisted horizontal cordon, which is created from 2 shoots, in the convenience of pruning, in the easy replacement and restoration of damaged or obsolete sleeves or shoulders of cordons, in giving stability to bushes under wind load and the use of combines for harvesting.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a General view of the cup-cordon form of the bush, figure 2 is a diagram of the grape bush according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2228022 - prototype.

The method of formation and maintenance of grape bushes is as follows.

Preliminarily, a row planting is carried out with the arrangement of bushes between rows of 2.5 m or more, and in a row between bushes of 1 m or more with the cultivation of one or three shoots, creating a stable twisted stem 1 from them in the form of a spiral 80 cm or more high around parting ring 2, forming on each up to six shortened sleeves with fruit links, creating a medium-sized cupped shape of the bush with free overhang of one-year growth 3. On the 3rd year of autumn, when pruning, leave one on the one and the other side of each bush along a row long shoot 4, which at the height of the stem is tied from one bush to another to the abdominal stakes 1, and in the fourth and subsequent years on the twisted horizontal cordon create fruit links in the form of horns 5 with knots that are cut to a length of up to 3 eyes with free placement of growing shoots 3 on both sides of the row, creating a combined cup-shaped cordon bush shape in the absence of trellis wire and anchor posts.

An example of a specific implementation of the method of forming and maintaining bushes on vineyards.

The test of the proposed method was carried out in the agricultural company "Fanagoria" Temryuk district of the Krasnodar Territory on 200 bushes of grape varieties Cabernet Sauvignon. The method of forming and maintaining bushes according to the prototype was tested on 200 bushes of the same variety. The scheme of planting bushes according to the proposed method and the prototype 3 × 1 m

With the proposed method of conducting in the spring of the second year after planting, the bushes were cut off with each leaving two knots with two eyes, in the alignment of the row at a distance of 5-7 cm from the bush, stakes 120 cm high from the ground were installed. After budding, with a debris in the bushes, two well-developed shoots were left. Left shoots were woven in a spiral in the form of a braid from the base to the top of the stake. At a height of 10 cm below the stake, each shoot was nipped. After the development of stepchildren, 2-3 upper ones were left on each stem, removing all lower ones. Upon reaching a length of 20 cm, first-order stepchildren pinch over the third node again to call the second-stepchildren shoots of second-order shoots in order to create fruit links from them when pruning. In the spring of the third year, when trimming on each bush around the head of the bush, up to six shortened sleeves from shoots of first-order stepsons were left, on each fruit links (replacement knot cut to 2 eyes and a fruit arrow up to 5 eyes) were formed from second-order stepsons . The bushes took the form of a cup-shaped form at the end of the third vegetation on each bush from the side of a row of shoots grown from eyes on knots or from sleeping buds, leaving a long shoot on the head of the bush when pruning from one and the other side of the bush, weaving them in the form of a braid and they were tied horizontally to the insertion stake, that is, they created a twisted horizontal cordon in the intersternal spaces. In subsequent years, it created horns with knots cut to a length of up to 3 eyes on it.

Thus, in the third year a bowl was created, and in the fourth and subsequent years - a twisted horizontal cordon with horns and knots in the spaces between the bushes along the row. In the end, a combined cup-shaped cordon shape of the bush was created. With this formation and maintenance of bushes, they entered the first fruiting on the 3rd, and in full on the 4th year. In the control, the cutting, formation and maintenance of bushes was carried out completely according to the technology adopted as a prototype, with the creation of 2-3 shoots of a stable twisted stem in the form of a spiral 1 m high around the stake, forming on each up to six shortened sleeves with fruit links, with the creation of medium-sized cup-shaped bush. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed method of forming and maintaining vine plantations was carried out according to productivity indicators with the prototype. The results of grape yield accounting are shown in the table.

Table The method of forming and maintaining plantings Productivity by years after planting 3rd year 4th year 5th year In just 3 years Proposed 28 91 140 259 According to the prototype 28 72 108 208

Thus, the use of the proposed method for the formation and maintenance of bushes on grape plantations allowed an average of three years to additionally obtain 51 kg / ha of grapes compared to the prototype.

This significantly increases the resistance of the bushes to wind loads and labor productivity when cutting and harvesting due to the use of the combine.

Claims (1)

A method of forming and maintaining bushes on grape plantations, including row planting of bushes with a layout between rows of 2.5 m or more, and in a row between bushes of 1 m or more with growing one to three shoots, creating a stable twisted stem from them in the form spirals with a height of 80 cm and above around the stake, forming on each up to six shortened sleeves with fruit links, creating a medium-sized cup-shaped shape of the bush, characterized in that in the 3rd year of life in autumn when pruning from one and the other side of each bush left along a row one long shoot that weaves together, creating twisted cordon shoulders, they are tied horizontally at the height of the stem from one bush to another to the neck stakes, in the fourth and subsequent years on the twisted horizontal cordon create fruit links in the form of horns with knots, trimmed to a length of 3 eyes with free placement of growing annual shoots on both sides of the row, creating a combined cup-shaped cordon shape of the bush.

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