RU2228022C2 - Method for training of grape vine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, commercial grape cultivation. SUBSTANCE: method involves providing planting according to arrangement pattern including at least 2.5 m spacing between rows and at least 1 m spacing between grape vines in row; growing from one to three buds; creating stable spiral trunk of at least 80 cm height around peg without binding thereof, forming up to six shortened fruited arms and creating average size bowl-shaped form of vine. EFFECT: increased profitableness of plantation, prolonged life of grape vines and convenient care. 6 dwg, 1 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely to viticulture, and can be used in the industrial cultivation of grapes.

A known method of cultivating grape bushes as a two-shouldered cordon, including row planting of bushes with a layout of 3 × 2-2.5 m, growing two mature strong shoots, creating a twisted stem from them 100-120 cm high, vertically attaching the trunk to two trellis tiers wires at heights of 50 and 100 cm, the formation of two horizontal cordon shoulders with fruit links, the attachment of green shoots to the wire of the third tier of trellis, followed by free overhang (Markin M.I. Grapes culture on the sand. - M.: Agropromizdat, 1988, p. 81-88) - analogue.

This method eliminates the installation of standard stakes in each bush.

However, with this method of maintaining grape bushes, significant costs are required for the installation and annual repair of the trellis, garter of green shoots and removal of the vine from the trellis wire when cutting bushes, the curvature of the stem occurs when the trellis wire sags under the load of the grape harvest and vegetative mass.

There is a method of maintaining grape bushes according to the type of tapestry, single-stemmed in the form of a small bowl, including the ordinary planting of bushes with a layout of 3 × 0.5 ... 0.75 m, the formation of a stem 80 ... 100 cm tall with shortened sleeves on the head of the bush , with a hollow stake for garter of the stem, a short pruning of annual shoots, free hanging of the growth of green shoots with the crop (L.M. Maltabar A.K. Rajabov, A.G. Zhdamarova. Pruning, formation and management systems of vine bushes. Training manual. - Krasnodar, 1997, p. 75-76) - prototype.

This method of management requires a certain time for the formation of a stable stem and limits the ability to establish the required load with eyes, shoots and crops on the bush, especially on fertile soils. A dense garter of the stem to the stake leads to incision of the garter material in the stump, and weak - to instability of the bush as a result of a gust of garter material from the wind under the weight of the crop and vegetative mass. The presence of a single stem can lead to complete or partial death of the bush during mechanical damage or frost. To create such vineyards requires a large amount of planting material. In addition, when thickening in a row between bushes up to 0.5 m, inconvenience is created for caring for the soil, bush and when harvesting.

The technical solution to the problem is to increase the profitability of grape cultivation through the application of mechanized inter-cultivation of the soil, combine harvesting and partial mechanized pruning of bushes, reducing injury to the stem during mechanical stress and frost, the longevity of the bushes and the convenience of caring for the bush.

The objective is achieved by the fact that with the known method of forming and maintaining grape bushes, including row planting of bushes, growing shoots, creating one stem with a stake in the form of a stake, pinching the shoot at the height of the stem to call stepsons, pruning bushes with 4-6 horns left with knots 2-3 eyes long, placed evenly around the perimeter of the head, creating a small cupped shape with a free overhang of one-year growth, according to the invention, landing is carried out with a layout between rows of 2.5 m or more, and in a row between with bushes from 1 m or more, with the cultivation of one or three shoots, creating from them a stable twisted stub around the stake in the form of a spiral 80 cm or higher without a garter to the stake, forming on each up to six shortened sleeves with fruit links, creating an average the size of the cupped shape of the bush.

The authors and the applicant see the novelty in the creation of a medium-sized cup-shaped bush with a stable spiral twisted garter in the form of a spiral-shaped arrangement of shoots around the stake, the accelerated creation of up to three shortened sleeves with fruit links from stepsons of the first and second orders on each stem, in reducing injury to the stem with mechanical stress and from frost.

The positive effect is to increase the productivity of plantations due to the creation of fruit links, the stability of a spiral spiral twig around the stake, and the increased durability of the bushes.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a diagram of the removal of the middle cupped, palpable form of the bush:

figure 1 - spring after planting;

figure 2 - autumn after the vegetation of the first year to trim;

figure 3 - spring of the second year after trimming;

figure 4 - the second year of vegetation, pinching shoots;

figure 5 - the second vegetation, pinching the stepsons of the first order;

figure 6 - spring of the third year after pruning and the formation of fruit links from second-stepsons.

An example of a specific implementation of the method of maintaining grape bushes. Testing of the proposed method of maintaining grape bushes was carried out in AF “Fanagoria” of the Temryuk region, Krasnodar Territory on 150 bushes of the Cabernet Sauvignon variety.

The method of forming and maintaining bushes according to the prototype was tested on 150 bushes of the same variety. The scheme of planting bushes according to the proposed method 3 × 1 m, according to the prototype - 3 × 0.75 m

With the proposed method of conducting in the spring of the second year after planting, the bushes were cut off with each leaving two knots with two eyes.

In the alignment of the row at a distance of 5-7 cm from the bushes, stakes 100 cm high from the surface of the earth were installed. After budding, with a debris in the bushes, two well-developed shoots were left. Left shoots were woven in a spiral in the form of a braid from the base to the top of the stake. At a height of 5-10 cm below the stake, each shoot was nipped. After the development of stepchildren, 2-3 upper ones were left on each stem, removing all lower ones. Upon reaching the length of the first stepsons of 20 cm, they were again pinched over the third node to call up second-order stepsons in order to create fruit links from them when pruning.

In the spring of the third year, when trimming on each bush around the head, up to 6 short sleeves were left from shoots of first-order stepsons, on each of which fruit links were formed (replacement knot — 2-3 eyes and fruit arrow — up to 5 eyes) from second-order stepsons . The bushes took the form of a medium cup shape.

During the third and subsequent vegetations, shoots that developed on substitution knots and fruit shoots were freely placed around the woven bush of the bush. The average load on the bush was: in the eyes - 25-30 pieces, in the shoots - 20-25 pieces. Most shoots were fruitful. The bushes entered the first fruiting in the third year, and in the period of full fruiting - in the fourth year of life.

In the control, the formation and pruning of grape bushes was carried out according to the technology adopted as a prototype.

In the spring of the second year after planting, the bushes were cut off, leaving each with one knot with two eyes. Stakes 90–100 cm high above the ground were installed along the axis of the row at a distance of 5–7 cm from the bushes.

When the shoots reach 15-20 cm, one of them was tied to a stake, the rest were removed. As it grew at a height of 5-7 cm below the upper end of the stake, the shoot was nipped and tied to the upper and middle parts of the stake. After the development of stepchildren, two upper stepsons were left, which were pinched on a 3-4 knot, all other lower stepchildren were removed. At the end of June, second-order stepchildren were nipped at 3-4 knots.

In the spring of the third year, pruning was performed, leaving 4-6 horns with knots formed from first-order and second-order stepson shoots, cut into 2-3 eyes and placed evenly around the perimeter of the head.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed method of maintaining grape bushes was carried out by comparing their productivity with the prototype. The results of grape yield accounting are shown in the table.

Thus, the use of the proposed method of maintaining grape plantings allowed only on yield for an average of three years to obtain an additional 79 kg / ha compared to the prototype and 154 kg / ha compared to the analogue. This significantly increases the productivity of caring for the bush and harvesting due to the free passage around the bush.

Claims (1)

A method of maintaining grape bushes, including the ordinary planting of bushes, growing shoots, creating one stem with a stake in the form of a stake, pinching the shoot at the height of the bush for exporting stepchildren, pruning leaving 4-6 horns with knots 2-3 eyes long, placed evenly along the perimeter of the head, creating a small cupped shape of the bush with a free overhang of one-year growth, characterized in that the planting is carried out with a layout between rows of 2.5 m or more, and in a row between bushes of 1 m or more with growing one or three shoots, creating from them a stable twisted stem in the form of a spiral 80 cm in height and above around the stake without a garter, forming on each up to six shortened sleeves with fruit links, creating a medium-sized cup-shaped shape of the bush.

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