RU2200383C2 - Grape bush training method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves planting grafted bushes in row at 7.5-10 m space with respect to one another; planting space between bushes with bushes grown from wine cuttings developed on mother bush and laid along row axis; leading out suckers and wine ends onto surface at distance of 1.5-2 m from bush and from one another without separating them from mother bush. EFFECT: increased yield, reduced costs for laying and care works and increased life of bushes. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to viticulture, and can be used in the cultivation of grapes in all areas of viticulture.

 A known method of maintaining grape bushes (Ya. I. Potapenko, A. D. Lukyanov, M. A. Lazarevsky and others. Viticulture. State publishing house of agricultural literature. Moscow. - 1960. - P.371. - Fig. 83). The method includes planting bushes, the formation of the ground shoulders of the cordon with sleeves evenly located on it.

 The disadvantage of this method is that it is applicable only to root vineyards, the low location of the crop, the complexity of the mechanized process of tillage in the rows of the vineyard and harvesting, as well as the large crowding of vines and sleeves at the base of the bush, violates the air regime of the plants.

 There is also a method of rejuvenating an old bush and getting from it several new ones to replace neighboring bushes (AS Merzhanian. Viticulture. Ed. Spike. Moscow. - 1967. - P.236. - Fig. 97).

 The disadvantages of this method are that it is not applicable in grafted vineyards, since when laying the whole bush the scion part goes to its roots, the connection with the stock is lost, and the bushes become short-lived, their productivity decreases.

 There is also a method of maintaining grape bushes and.with. 2153247 A 01 G 17/02, 1/06 (prototype), including the planting of grafted plants, installation of the support, laying of layering, the formation of the stem and sleeves, the attachment of bushes to the support.

 The disadvantages of this method are that the main structural elements (sleeves) are located in the aerial part of the grafted bushes, this limits the possibility of increasing their size, as well as an effective system of rejuvenation of the graft part of the bushes, especially in shelter viticulture, because Under these conditions, on shelter vineyards, the sleeve rejuvenation system is based on the use of shoots. In grafted vineyards, this is not possible. This circumstance reduces the productive life of the bushes and planting yields.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase plant yields, reduce the cost of laying and caring for vineyards, increase the durability of the bushes. In addition, the method provides universalization of the reference system, i.e. the possibility of its use in non-covering, semi-covering and covering winegrowing.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of maintaining grape bushes, including planting grafted plants, installing a support, forming a sleeve and sleeves, attaching bushes to a support, planting grafted plants in a row is carried out at a distance of 7.5-10 m from each other, and subsequently the space between the grafted bushes is filled with root bushes grown from scion shoots laid along the axis of a row of scion and stepson, which developed on the uterine bush with the output of stepchildren and the tip of the vine to the surface 1.5-2 m from the bush and each other, ithout separate them from the mother bush.

 New in the proposed technical solution is that with this method of maintaining the need for grafted planting material for laying the vineyard decreases, the longevity of the bushes increases due to the possibility of timely replacement of aging and losing productivity hoses.

 Essential is the proposed structure of the bushes, consisting of grafted and self-rooting bushes in a ratio of 1: 3 or 1: 4. Moreover, root-growing bushes are created from the scion part of the grafted bush and are not separated from it.

The drawing schematically shows the placement and formation of covering vineyards with a long-sleeve bush shape:
1 - grafted grape bush (uterine);
2 - a knot;
3 - shoots intended for the formation of sleeves;
4 - bush sleeves;
5 - shoot, intended for laying in layering;
6 - stepsons;
7 - trellis;
8 - an escape with a stepson laid in layering;
9 - bend layering;
10 - branching of the sleeve (horn);
11 - root vine bush;
12 - recovery knot.

 The method is as follows. The vineyard is laid with aisles of 3 m. In a row, the planting of grafted bushes 1 is carried out with a distance between them of 7.5-10 m.

 In the year of planting, all the conditions for the good development of the root system and leaf apparatus are created. In the second vegetation, two knots 2 are left on the bush, cutting them into two eyes. After the development of shoots, three green shoots are left. Two of them 3, designed to form the sleeves of the bush 4, are pinched at a height of 150 cm, and the third 5, intended for layering, is not pinched and is attached obliquely to the trellis as it grows to achieve maximum length. Developing stepsons are removed with the exception of three or four top 6. In autumn, the vine intended for layering 5 is released from the support (trellis) 7. In the middle part, one stepson 6 is left, cutting it by 40-50 cm. A groove is made from the bush along the row axis with a depth 40-45 cm, in which the shoot is placed with the stepson 8. Moreover, the bend 9 of the withdrawn vine must be located 5-10 cm above the soil level. The stepson 6 on the laid shoot 8 is brought to the surface through the distances between the bushes adopted in the particular case, for example 1.5 m, and after the next 1.5 m the tip of the shoot with 3 eyes is brought out. Then the groove is covered with earth. Shoots 3, intended for the formation of sleeves, are exempted from the trellis and cut off, leaving stepchildren 6 with three eyes each and laid along the axis of the row, then spud with a 20-25 cm earth shaft.

 In the autumn of the third year or in the spring of the fourth on the uterine bush, two elongated sleeves 4 are left, directed towards the cover, on the first lay - two elongated vines with 2-3 knots, cut into 3-4 eyes each, to create branches (horns) 10. On the second lay leaves three vines, two of them with 2-3 knots to form the branches of the root bush, and one vine, the lower one, is cut to the full length to cut it off, leaving the stepson in the middle part. In autumn, the vine with the stepson is laid in a dug groove, and it is desirable to position the bend of the withdrawn vine at a depth of 15-20 cm from the surface of the earth. The end of the stepson with two eyes is brought to the surface, and after the next 1.5 m the tip of the vine with two eyes is brought out. Sleeves 2 with vines on the uterine bush 1 and on the bushes of the lay 11 are freed from support, trimmed and covered for the winter with a layer. In 4-5 vegetation, the formation of bushes is almost completed. Pruning is carried out taking into account the remaining 2-3 branches in the structure of the bushes with 2-4 branches on each, at the base of the bushes leave a knot of restoration 12. Thus, the structure of an interconnected group of bushes consists of a uterine grafted bush 1 and several associated ones, in our case 4, root-own bushes 11. This allows 80% of bushes to use an extremely flexible system of rejuvenation of the sleeves, based on the use of shoots, and on the uterine grafted bushes 1 to develop a powerful root system that provides water ku bushes formed from layering.

 The proposed method allows to increase productivity, reduce the cost of laying and caring for vineyards, timely replace sleeves that lose productivity, apply it in all areas of viticulture.

Claims (1)

 A method of maintaining grape bushes, including planting grafted plants, installing a support, forming a stem and sleeves, attaching bushes to a support, characterized in that the planting of grafted plants in a row is carried out at a distance of 7.5-10 m from each other, and subsequently the space between grafted bushes are filled with root bushes grown from scion vines with a stepson laid along the axis of a row of shoots, developed on the uterine bush with the output of stepchildren and the tip of the vine to the surface 1.5-2 m from the bush and each other, without separating them from the uterine bush.