CN110115187B - High-density planting method for Chinese cherries - Google Patents
High-density planting method for Chinese cherries Download PDFInfo
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- CN110115187B CN110115187B CN201910328816.XA CN201910328816A CN110115187B CN 110115187 B CN110115187 B CN 110115187B CN 201910328816 A CN201910328816 A CN 201910328816A CN 110115187 B CN110115187 B CN 110115187B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of agricultural planting, in particular to a high-density planting method for Chinese cherries. A high-density planting method for Chinese cherries comprises the following steps: 1) planting in high density with row spacing of 2.0-2.2 m multiplied by 0.4-0.6 m; digging a drainage ditch on the flat ground, and planting the ditch in one of two ways: firstly, the seeds are fixedly planted at the side of the drainage ditch 2, and an operation road and a picking road are shared among 2 rows; secondly, the tree is fixedly planted in the middle position far away from the drainage ditch, and an operation road and a picking road are reserved on the side of the tree body 2; 2) after planting, the single trunk is high-stem, low-stem or high-stem and low-stem combination to form a plurality of cherry fence walls. The method adopts a mode of planting in high density and forming cherry fence walls, improves the land utilization rate, requires less labor, can improve the early yield of Chinese cherries, is convenient to pick, can open gardens in different periods in the same shed to reduce loss, and is a novel cultivation mode particularly suitable for the development of developed areas of sightseeing picking industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural planting, in particular to a high-density planting method for Chinese cherries, which is a novel Chinese cherry cultivation mode particularly suitable for the development of developed regions of sightseeing picking industry.
Background
The traditional cherry planting mode comprises the following steps: the row spacing of mountain land is 4 mx (3-4) m, the row spacing of flat land is 4 mx 4m, and the number of plants per mu is about 42-56. The tree shape mostly adopts a natural open heart shape, the stem is fixed 50cm above the grafting opening, and the position of the stem is higher. The mode has the defects of slow tree body forming, long time for reaching the full bearing period and extremely low early yield. The inner chamber is easy to be empty after forming, and in addition, the crown is larger after forming, the land utilization rate is low, the picking is inconvenient, and tools such as an auxiliary ladder are often needed. Because cherries are afraid of waterlogging, a drainage ditch is often required to be dug outside the crown width of the tree body in a planting place, tourists are inconvenient to walk into a garden to pick, and workers are inconvenient to manage and increase the cost.
The Chinese invention patent application (publication number: CN107258451A, published Japanese 2017.10.20) discloses a planting method capable of improving the yield of cherries, which comprises the following steps: selecting a proper cherry planting season: planting cherry trees between 2 months and 3 months of each year, and planting two cherry trees in a close manner; the planting method capable of improving the yield of the cherries has high input-output ratio, can promote more people to plant the cherries, effectively improves the yield of the cherries, is beneficial to the growth of cherry trees, can obtain cherry fruits for a long time and increases the income of planting personnel. However, the distance between the close cherry trees is 2-4 m, and the distance between the close cherry trees and other cherry trees is 7-11 m.
The Chinese invention patent application (publication number: CN106577087A, published Japanese 2017.04.26) discloses a planting method of cherry trees, two soil piles are buried in a cherry tree planting field every 10-15cm in the row direction, and two iron wires are pulled between the two soil piles; planting cherry trees between every two iron wires, wherein each cherry tree is provided with 3-5 branches on average and tied on the iron wires at the left and right sides to form an included angle of 70-85 degrees, the included angle is 25-35cm from the ground, the planting distance of the cherry trees is 40-50cm, and the row distance is 130-150 cm. Although the application also adopts high-density planting, the excessively small row spacing is not beneficial to later-stage picking and is not suitable for the development of sightseeing agriculture.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a high-density planting method for Chinese cherries, which adopts a mode of planting in high density and forming cherry fence walls, improves the land utilization rate, has less labor consumption, can improve the early yield of the Chinese cherries, is convenient to pick, can open gardens in different periods in the same shed to reduce the loss, and is a novel cultivation mode particularly suitable for the development of developed areas of sightseeing picking industry.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-density planting method for Chinese cherries comprises the following steps:
1) planting in high density with row spacing of 2.0-2.2 m multiplied by 0.4-0.6 m; digging a drainage ditch on the flat ground, and planting the ditch in one of two ways:
firstly, the seeds are fixedly planted at the side of the drainage ditch 2, and an operation road and a picking road are shared among 2 rows;
secondly, the tree is fixedly planted in the middle position far away from the drainage ditch, and an operation road and a picking road are reserved on the side of the tree body 2;
2) after planting, the single trunk is high-stem, low-stem or high-stem and low-stem combination to form a plurality of cherry fence walls.
In the present application, the high stem and low stem combination may be an inter-row combination or an intra-row combination. The inter-row combination can be that each row is high stem, or each row is low stem, or a combination of high stem and low stem. The intra-row combination refers to that all the plants in a row are high stems, or all the plants in a row are low stems, or one plant in a row is a high stem and one plant is a low stem combination, or a plurality of plants in a row are high stems and a plurality of plants are low stem combinations.
As further improvement, this application step 1) every 1.6~1.8 m dig the escape canal, dig the escape canal and be 0.2~0.4 m, go when cherry tree field planting the head and use T font frame, follow to every 4m upright 1 cement post. And a single steel wire is drawn between the columns for supporting the fence-type tree body after planting. The cement column and the required cement column can be partially shared when the rain shelter is built.
As a further improvement, the low stem and the high stem of the single trunk are respectively formed by adopting a fixed rod of 30 cm above a grafting opening and a mode of not heading by 1.5m after the field planting in the step 2) of the application.
As a further improvement, in the step 2) of the method, more fruiting areas are formed by adopting bud carving and bud inducing to promote bud and branch formation within 1 m of the trunk base, and branch pulling or pinching measures are used in the branch growing process to control the excessive growth of the branches and promote the flower and fruit growth. This may facilitate early cherry fence wall formation.
As a specific embodiment, the cherry fence wall in step 2) of the present application is 1 m wide and 2 m high.
As a specific embodiment, a single steel wire is pulled at a height of 1.5m on the cement column at a position 4m apart in the row in the step 2) of the application. Not only can prevent the tourists from crossing the fruit tree, reduce the loss of the fallen fruits, but also can support the fence type fruit wall. The tourists can open the garden in batches in the same garden or even in the same shed by stages due to the incapability of shuttling back and forth, so that the species in different maturity stages can be conveniently planted, and the income can be increased by utilizing the difference of the maturity stages.
As a specific implementation mode, seedlings with the thickness of more than 1cm are planted for one year; removing the grafting film during field planting, cutting off the damaged root system and cutting short the root system with the length of more than 30 cm; before planting, the roots are dipped in the slurry, and the slurry is mixed with 400 times of solution of 2 percent of copper sulfate, 50 percent of carbendazim or 75 percent of thiophanate-methyl for disinfection; during planting, each plant is put with a hand to pour the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer into root fixing water; spreading a handle of sulfur-containing three-element compound fertilizer every 2-3 seedlings after field planting and bud blasting about 10 days; pinching once when the new shoot grows to 10 cm, enabling the apical leaf tip to face outwards, enabling the apical bud to grow along with the apical leaf tip after half a month, and repeatedly pinching along with the growth; in spring and summer shoots with vigorous growth at the bottom of 5 months to 7 months, a plant growth regulator PBO 200-300 times of liquid can be sprayed on a crown when the young shoots are 10 cm to 15cm in length, and the young shoots are controlled and flowering is promoted for 1-2 times except for branch pulling and pinching; immediately pruning after picking fruits, keeping the length of each fruit branch to be 5-10 cm, and enabling terminal buds to face outwards under the pruning port. Compared with the natural open heart mode, the mode is convenient for manual management on two sides.
As further improvement, simple and easy canopy of rain-sheltering and bird-preventing is adopted in this application garden, can effectively prevent early spring flowering phase frost, bird pest and fruit cracking at ordinary times. The grower with good conditions can adopt better single or conjoined greenhouse for planting. During the fruit color conversion period, the water content of the soil is controlled to be 50-60%. Before rain, the tree crown is covered with a film, after rain, the film is removed in time, and the whole garden can be covered with a mulching film or grass for management at the same time.
The cherry planting has less plant diseases and insect pests, and the diseases mainly comprise branch blight, root cancer and bacterial perforation; the insect pests mainly include aphids, oriental fruit moths and the like. The method adheres to the policy of 'prevention is main and comprehensive prevention' and reasonably selects agricultural prevention, physical prevention and biological prevention. The method advocates the use of insect-attracting lamps, insect-sticking boards and other measures, preferentially uses high-efficiency low-toxicity residual pesticides such as biological sources and mineral sources, and strictly controls the safety interval, the application amount and the application frequency. The winter garden cleaning is well done, the Baume 5 DEG lime sulphur mixture is used for sealing the garden and the root system is treated during planting to prevent and treat the root cancer.
This patent application is owing to adopt foretell technical scheme, provides a soil utilization rate height, the amount of labour is few and can improve the early output of chinese cherry, conveniently picks, can open the garden reduction loss in different periods in same canopy, is particularly suitable for the novel cultivation mode of the developed area development of picking industry. The mode adopts high-density planting (Chinese cherry seedlings are low in price and the increase of density and cost is not obvious), and the tree body adopts 3 combination modes of high trunk, high trunk and short trunk intersection and short trunk of a single trunk. The tree single-trunk fence type can ensure that the distance between rows is large, management is convenient, labor is reduced, tourists can walk and pick conveniently, the inner steel wires are connected to prevent the tourists from shuttling between rows and bumping off fruits to reduce loss, and the tourists can not shuttle between rows and can open the garden in batches by stages with the shed. The yield of each plant can be 0.5-1 jin of fruits 15 months after planting, the yield per mu is 300-600 jin, and the yield is higher than that of the traditional mode (0.5-1 jin of fruits per plant and 40-60 jin of fruits per mu in the traditional mode), the yield difference is extremely obvious, and the economic benefit difference is extremely obvious.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a high density single stem fence mode (cherry planting in the middle, operating zones on both sides).
FIG. 2 is a photograph of a first high density single stem fence pattern.
FIG. 3 is a photograph of the state of the 27 month results of the high density single stem fence mode one.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a second high density single trunk thick fence level mode (cherry planting on both sides, with the operating zone in the middle).
FIG. 5 is a photograph of a second high density single stem thick fence layer mode.
FIG. 6 is a photograph showing the current year fruiting state of permanent planting in the high density single-stem fence mode two.
FIG. 7 is a photograph of the results of a 15 month maturity period for the high density single pole fence wall mode two.
Detailed Description
The following describes a detailed embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The application adopts the row spacing of 2 m multiplied by 0.5 m and about 667 plants per mu are planted. 0.2-0.4 m multiplied by 0.4 m drainage ditch is dug every 1.6-1.8 m on the flat ground. When cherry trees are planted, a T-shaped frame is used at the head of a row, 1 cement column is erected every 4m along the row, and a single steel wire is pulled between the columns for supporting the fence-type trees after planting. The cement column and the required cement column can be partially shared when the rain shelter is built. Two planting modes are adopted between rows: 1) the field planting is carried out at the side of the drainage ditch 2, and an operation road and a picking road are shared among 2 rows, so that the distance is large; 2) the field planting is in the intermediate position of keeping away from the escape canal, and operation road and picking way are all left to 2 sides of the tree body.
After field planting, a fixed rod of 30 cm above a grafting opening or a mode of no head beating of 1.5m is respectively adopted to form a low stem and a high stem, and the high stem, the high stem and the low stem of a single trunk are combined in 3 modes of intersecting and low stem. And a plurality of fruiting areas are formed by bud carving and bud inducing for promoting bud germination and branch growing within 1 m of the trunk base. Measures such as branch pulling, pinching and the like are used in the branch growing process to control the excessive growth of the branches, promote the flower growth and promote the fruit growth. Thereby promoting the early formation of cherry fence wall with 1 m width and 2 m height. A single steel wire is pulled at the 1.5m high position on the cement column at the 4m interval in the row, thereby preventing the tourists from crossing, reducing the fruit dropping loss, and supporting the fence type fruit wall. The tourists can open the garden in batches in the same garden or even in the same shed by stages due to the incapability of shuttling back and forth, so that the species in different maturity stages can be conveniently planted, and the income can be increased by utilizing the difference of the maturity stages.
Seedlings with the thickness of more than 1cm are planted for one year. And removing the grafting film during field planting, cutting off the damaged root system and cutting short the root system with the length of more than 30 cm. Before planting, the root is dipped in the slurry, and the slurry is mixed with 400 times of 2% copper sulfate, 50% carbendazim or 75% thiophanate-methyl solution for disinfection. During planting, one hand is put on each plant to pour the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer into root fixing water. And (3) broadcasting a handle of sulfur-containing three-element compound fertilizer every 2-3 seedlings after field planting and bud blasting. When the young shoots grow to 10 centimeters, pinching is performed once, apical leaf tips face outwards, apical buds grow along with the direction of the apical leaf tips after half a month, and pinching needs to be performed repeatedly along with growth. In spring and summer shoots with vigorous growth at the bottom of 5 months to 7 months, a plant growth regulator PBO 200-300 times of liquid can be sprayed on a crown for 1-2 times to control shoots and promote flowering when the young shoots are 10 cm-15 cm long, except for branch pulling and pinching. Immediately pruning after picking fruits, keeping the length of each fruit branch to be 5-10 cm, and enabling terminal buds to face outwards under the pruning port. Compared with the natural open heart mode, the mode is convenient for manual management on two sides.
Claims (8)
1. A high-density planting method for Chinese cherries comprises the following steps:
1) planting in high density with row spacing of 2.0-2.2 m multiplied by 0.4-0.6 m; digging a drainage ditch on the flat ground, and planting the ditch in one of two ways:
firstly, the seeds are fixedly planted at the side of the drainage ditch 2, and an operation road and a picking road are shared among 2 rows;
secondly, the tree is fixedly planted in the middle position far away from the drainage ditch, and an operation road and a picking road are reserved on the side of the tree body 2;
2) after planting, the single trunk is high-stem, low-stem or high-stem and low-stem combination to form a plurality of cherry fence walls; after planting, respectively forming low stems and high stems of the single trunk by adopting a fixed rod of 30 cm above a grafting opening and a mode of not heading for 1.5 m.
2. The high-density planting method for Chinese cherries according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), every 1.6-1.8 m of drainage ditches are dug, the number of the drainage ditches is 0.2-0.4 m x 0.4 m, and 1 cement column is erected every 4m along the row direction by using a T-shaped frame at the row head of the cherry trees during field planting.
3. The high-density planting method for Chinese cherries according to claim 1, wherein more fruiting areas are formed in 1 m of the base of the trunk in the step 2) by bud carving and bud inducing to promote germination and sprouting by using bud inducing and core picking measures, and excessive growth of branches is controlled in the branch growth process to promote flowering and fruit promotion.
4. The method for planting Chinese cherries with high density according to claim 1, wherein the cherry fence wall in the step 2) is 1 m wide and 2 m high.
5. The high-density planting method for Chinese cherries according to claim 1, wherein a single steel wire is pulled at a height of 1.5m on the cement columns at intervals of 4m in the row in the step 2).
6. The high-density planting method for Chinese cherries according to claim 1, wherein seedlings with the thickness of more than 1cm which are grown for one year are adopted for planting; removing the grafting film during field planting, cutting off the damaged root system and cutting short the root system with the length of more than 30 cm; before planting, the roots are dipped in the slurry, and the slurry is mixed with 400 times of solution of 2 percent of copper sulfate, 50 percent of carbendazim or 75 percent of thiophanate-methyl for disinfection; during planting, each plant is put with a hand to pour the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer into root fixing water; spreading a handle of sulfur-containing three-element compound fertilizer every 2-3 seedlings after field planting and bud blasting about 10 days; pinching once when the new shoot grows to 10 cm, enabling the apical leaf tip to face outwards, enabling the apical bud to grow along with the apical leaf tip after half a month, and repeatedly pinching along with the growth; in spring and summer shoots with vigorous growth at the bottom of 5 months to 7 months, a plant growth regulator PBO 200-300 times of liquid can be sprayed on a crown when the young shoots are 10 cm to 15cm in length, and the young shoots are controlled and flowering is promoted for 1-2 times except for branch pulling and pinching; immediately pruning after picking fruits, keeping the length of each fruit branch to be 5-10 cm, and enabling terminal buds to face outwards under the pruning port.
7. The method for planting Chinese cherries at high density according to claim 1, wherein a rain-sheltering and bird-sheltering simple shed or a better single or connected shed is adopted for planting in a garden; during the fruit color conversion period, the water content of the soil is controlled to be 50-60 percent; before rain, the tree crown is covered with a film, after rain, the film is removed in time, and the whole garden can be covered with a mulching film or grass for management at the same time.
8. The method for planting Chinese cherries at high density according to claim 1, wherein the cherry planting pest control advocates the use of insect-attracting lamps, insect-sticking boards and the like, preferentially uses high-efficiency and low-toxicity residual pesticides such as biological sources and mineral sources, and strictly controls the safety interval, the application amount and the application frequency; the winter garden cleaning is well done, the Baume 5 DEG lime sulphur mixture is used for sealing the garden and the root system is treated during planting to prevent and treat the root cancer.
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| CN108064574A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-05-25 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of sweet cherry castatopsis fissa grafting symbiotic cultivation technology and its application |
| CN108834623A (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-11-20 | 台州市农业科学研究院 | A kind of south sweet cherry improvement UFO shape Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing method |
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| CN103518577A (en) * | 2013-09-04 | 2014-01-22 | 镇江万山红遍农业园 | Cultivation method for pruning fig to be in line-shaped tree form |
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