RU2717985C1 - Method of forming, cutting and conducting covered grape bushes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular to viticulture. Method includes row planting of bushes, installation of supports, creation of a cordon and vertical maintenance of green growth on multi-tiered trellis. In the spring of the second year of vegetation on the head of the bush near the soil surface, one strongly developed sprout is left, which is cut in summer by the distance between bushes in row of 80–100 cm and tied horizontally to the wire of the lower row of the trellis, thereby creating a horizontal cordon, on arms of which, in manual or mechanized cutting, one and three-eye knots are left on each assembly, and 14–18 sprouts developed from them in the spring of the third year introduce between parallel wire of tiers of trellis. In the autumn of the third year after cutting, the bushes together with the wire are mechanically hilled by the soil shaft, closing its horizontal cordons and knots. In the spring of the fourth year, the bushes are mechanically opened, in the autumn of the first and second years, manual covering and opening of seedlings is performed.

EFFECT: method provides the possibility of manual and mechanized covering and opening of vine bushes during vegetation period, increase of green sprouts length up to two meters, improvement of leaf arrangement with increase of crop capacity and quality.

1 cl, 2 dwg, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to viticulture and can be used in the cultivation of grapes in the shelter zone.

There is a method of maintaining, forming and pruning grape bushes in the sheltering viticulture zone according to the type of non-stem fan-shaped multi-arm formation, including the row planting of bushes creating in the range of 4 ... 6 (sometimes more) sleeves 40 ... 60 cm long, located obliquely in the form of a fan, in both sides of the base of the bush. Sleeves end with fruit links (simple or reinforced). This is one of the most common formations in shelter viticulture areas. It is easily restored and provides an annual high yield of grapes. (Zhukov A.I., Gordeev V.N. Viticulture. - M .: KolosS, - 2006. - from 118-119).

The disadvantage of a fanless multi-sleeve fanless formation is the lack of mechanized pruning, shelter and opening of bushes.

A known method of forming, pruning and maintaining grape bushes as a one-sided long-sleeve formation VNIIViV them. ME AND. Patapenko consists of 2 ... 3 sleeves 100 ... 200 cm long. On each sleeve 2 ... 3 perennial branches with fruit links are created. The bush should have 6 ... 10 fruiting vines, 2 ... 6 knots of substitution and rejuvenation link. The trellis is three-tier with the placement of the lower tier of a single wire at a height of 70 cm, the second tier - 120 cm and the third - 160 cm with two parallel wires. The sleeves at the base are given a zigzag appearance by inclining the garter of the shoot bases for two years to a wire temporarily stretched at a height of 15 ... 20 cm. Then this wire is raised to the level of the third tier. The bend of the sleeves in their lower part facilitates the laying and sheltering of bushes. (Zhukov A.I., Gordeev V.N. Viticulture. - M.: KolosS, - 2006. - p. 119).

The disadvantage of this method is that the sheltering of grape bushes is carried out manually without the use of mechanisms.

For the prototype, we selected the method of forming, pruning and maintaining grape bushes in the cover vineyard using the oblique cordon method, including row planting of bushes, bringing up a strong annual shoot at the base of the bush to create an inclined shoulder from it at a 45 ° angle, tying it to the lower trellis wire. (Zhukov A.I., Gordeev V.N. Viticulture. - M: KolosS, - 2006. - p. 119).

The disadvantage of this method is the inability to quickly restore productivity in case of failure of a single sleeve.

The purpose of the invention is the industrialization of the cover culture of viticulture, increasing the productivity of photosynthesis and the quality of the crop.

EFFECT: possibility of manual and mechanized sheltering and opening of grape bushes during the growing season, increasing the length of green shoots to two meters, improving the location of the leaf apparatus, the ability to increase productivity and its quality.

The technical result is achieved by the method of forming, pruning and maintaining grape bushes, including row planting of bushes, installation of supports, creating a cordon, vertical maintenance of green growth on a multi-level trellis, while in the spring of the second year of vegetation, one highly developed shoot is left on the head of the bush, which in summer cut to a length of distance between the bushes in a row of 80-100 cm and tie horizontally to the wire of the lower row of trellis, thus creating a horizontal cordon, on the shoulders of which With manual or mechanized pruning, one-three-eyed knots are left on each node, and 14-18 shoots that have developed from them are planted between the parallel wires of the trellis tiers in the spring of the third year, in the autumn of the third year after pruning, the bushes together with the wire are mechanized with a soil shaft, closing it horizontal cordons and knots, in the spring of the fourth year they mechanically open the bushes, in the autumn of the first and second years they carry out manual shelter and opening of seedlings.

The maintenance of stemless bushes on the trellis improves the thermal regime, and the vertical garter of green growth on the multi-tier trellis creates optimal conditions for the location of the leaf apparatus, improves photosynthesis and reduces damage to grape plants by fungal diseases.

Reducing the distance in the row to 80 ... 100 cm allows you to increase the number of bushes per hectare and reduce the load on the bush, the yield from 1 ha is about the same as when planting in wide-row vineyards, but with a decrease in the load on each bush, the quality of the grapes improves.

So, with a wide-row planting of vineyards 4 m × 3 m, with 50 ... 60 green shoots left on the bush, the number of plants per hectare is 833 shrubs, for receiving 10 tons of crops per hectare, the load on the bush is 12 kg.

The drawings schematically depict the formation of bushes by the proposed method.

FIG. 1 - bush after pruning in the spring of the second year of vegetation.

FIG. 2 - horizontal cordon in the autumn of the second year of vegetation.

Examples of specific performance.

Example 1

Conducted an ordinary planting of seedlings of Merlot grapes 3 m × 0.8, m. The number of plants per hectare was 4160 bushes. Support was established.

In the spring of the second year of vegetation, one highly developed shoot was left on the head of the bush near the soil surface. In the summer of the same year, this shoot was cut to a length of 80 cm between the bushes and tied horizontally to the wire of the lower row of trellis, thereby creating a horizontal cordon. On the shoulders of the cordon during manual trimming, two-eyed knots were left on each node.

The 14 shoots that developed in the spring of the third year of vegetation started between the parallel wires of the tiers of the trellis. In the fall of the third year of vegetation, pruning was carried out and bushes along with a wire mechanically spudded with a shaft of soil, while closing its horizontal cordons and knots.

In the spring of the fourth year of vegetation, the opening of grape bushes was mechanized.

An increase in the length of green shoots to two meters was achieved in the third year of vegetation.

To obtain 10 tons of yield per hectare, the load on the bush was 2.4 kg. Lowering the load on the bush to 2.5 kg improved the quality of the wine (color, aromas and body of the wine).

Example 2

Conducted an ordinary planting of seedlings of the variety Krasnostop Zolotovsky 3 m × 1 m.

The number of plants per hectare was 3.333 bushes. Established the support.

In the spring of the second year of vegetation, one highly developed shoot was left on the head of the bush near the soil surface. In the summer of the same year, this shoot was cut to the length of the distance between the bushes in a row of 100 cm and tied horizontally to the wire of the lower row of the trellis, thereby creating a horizontal cordon. On the shoulders of the cordon during manual trimming, two-eyed knots were left on each node.

The 16 shoots that developed in the spring of the third year of vegetation started between the parallel wires of the tier trellises. In the fall of the third year of vegetation, pruning was carried out and bushes along with a wire mechanically spudded with a shaft of soil, while closing its horizontal cordons and knots.

In the spring of the fourth year of vegetation, the opening of grape bushes was mechanized.

An increase in the length of green shoots to two meters was achieved in the third year of vegetation.

To obtain 10 tons of yield per hectare, the load on the bush was 3 kg. Reducing the load on the bush to 3 kg improved the quality of the wine (color, aromas and body of the wine).

Thus, the claimed method of forming, trimming and maintaining sheltering grape bushes provides the possibility of manual and mechanized sheltering and opening of grape bushes during the growing season, increasing the length of green shoots to two meters, improving the location of the leaf apparatus, the ability to increase productivity and its quality.

Claims (1)

A method of forming, pruning and maintaining grape bushes, including row planting of bushes, installation of supports, creating a cordon, vertical maintenance of green growth on a multi-tier trellis, characterized in that in the spring of the second year of vegetation, one highly developed shoot is left on the head of the bush, which is cut in summer the length of the distance between the bushes in a row of 80-100 cm and is tied horizontally to the wire of the lower row of trellis, thereby creating a horizontal cordon, on the shoulders of which with manual or mechanized One-three-eyed knots are left on each node for trimming, and 14-18 shoots that developed from them in the spring of the third year are planted between the parallel wires of the trellis tiers; in the autumn of the third year, after trimming, the bushes together with the wire mechanically wind up the soil shaft, closing its horizontal cordons and knots, in the spring of the fourth year mechanically carry out the opening of bushes, in the autumn of the first, second years carry out manual shelter and opening of seedlings.

Images