RU2673171C2 - Complex method for creating volume form of one-arm horizontal cordons, trellis device for volume form of one-arm horizontal cordons - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: inventions relate to the field of agriculture, in particular, to grape growing. Complex method is characterized by the presence of single one-arm horizontal cordons that make up the common cordon of the row, which is arranged in a single line from plants with vertical or oblique boles and one arm – sleeve with free-hanging growth on fruit formations, which pass along vertical trellis on wires in 1-2 tiers, or along supports with a horizontal crossbar on two parallel wires in one tier, or along V-shaped two-plane trellis with parallel rows of wires in 1-2 tiers, or along a ceiling-type trellis, on the horizontal plane of which they place cordon forms with green growth and yield, as well as along a double pediment of a roof-like profile, such as a pergola, raised to a height of 2–4 m. Each row is divided into sections between adjacent supports trellis for planting from 3 to 10 plants. Boles pass along the supports of their section in any distant side, and the sleeves are placed along the entire length of the section from the support to the support parallel to each other along a row in several tiers. Volume form is created by integrating (summing), integration (connecting) and streamlining single cordons, which are grouped into groups of several, from 3 to 10, bushes with a creeping bole and one-arm-sleeve, a continuation of a bole, and pass along parallel wires within the repeating, following one after another, sections in the volume of discrete blocks of a row between adjacent trellis poles with a length of 2 m to 4 m and a width equal to the width of the row or the width of the elements bearing supports of the wire, from 0.5 m to 2.5 m and a height of 2 m. Then carry out a differentiated (selective), compact and rational compaction in the volume of blocks of single sleeves of single cordons with fruit formations and place them on several trellis wires, from 3 to 10, parallel to each other, in one or several, up to 5 tiers within the limits their blocks. Trellis device includes vertical supports with a horizontal crossbar or V-shaped support of a two-plane trellis and wires stretched through the supports in horizontal or parallel rows in 1 or 2 tiers in horizontal or vertical planes, and also a trellis on high supports representing light structures in the form of various types of racks with horizontal or inclined planes. Pallet with supports is made in the form of spatial structures symmetric about the vertical axis, or geometric shapes of simple shapes, or closed spatial contours up to 2.5 m high, lined up in a row in 2–4 m, in the most distant points of which, in several tiers, from 1 to 5, at a height of 0.8 m to 2 m, symmetrically relative to the central vertical axis, in parallel to each other in a number of 3 to 10, along a row of wires, are placed in horizontal planes from each other from 0.2 to 1.5 m.EFFECT: inventions allow to increase the yield with optimal thickening of plantings and rational allocation of green mass.12 cl, 144 dwg, 2 tbl, 3 ex

Description

Humanity has been cultivating grapes since time immemorial and has collected a huge amount of information on cultivating the land, selecting varieties taking into account soil fertility and the climate impact of the area, about agricultural activities and the timing of their implementation. But the modern problem in growing grapes is not only in obtaining a better crop, but, to meet the needs of the population, in obtaining more significant volumes taken from 1 ha of vineyard area.

Thus, the introduction of new technologies for the production of grapes and the management of new plant formations and forms that allow placing more fruitful shoots per unit of trellis volume, creating a large supply of perennial wood, planting the optimal number of plants and creating favorable growing conditions with accessibility for care and ventilation plants, will allow you to get a much higher grape harvest with good quality products.

Various forms of grape culture are known. One of the most common formations is a high-standard horizontal cordon, one or two shoulders, bred by Lenz Moser. The stem of this formation is vertical 1.2-1.4 meters long, the supply of perennial wood is insufficient for growing table grape varieties with large bunches and berries. The whole bush is a horizontal branch lying on the first wire of a vertical trellis. Two more wires located above serve to garter the green shoots with the crop. The concentration of green shoots is extremely low. It is inconvenient to close such bushes for the winter, it is necessary to bend a thick vertical boom with effort, which is very inefficient. This drawback is eliminated by removing an inclined stem: such a cordon itself lies on the ground, and the supply of perennial wood increases.

The Ombrell form is known, the shape of a grape bush, characterized by the presence of a stem 1.5-1.6 meters high, on which there is a two-sided horizontal cordon with evenly spaced horns along its length, bearing fruit wood, green shoots hang freely. The bushes are conducted on a single-tier trellis with one or two parallel wires, the distance between the bushes in rows of 1.4 meters. The bushes management system allows you to arrange the placement of shoots and bunches, evenly distribute the annual growth in space in two parallel planes. Not high enough yield (Encyclopedia of Viticulture, Chisinau, 1987, v. 3, p. 344).

The shape of Resney is known, the shape of a grape bush, characterized by the presence of two horizontal cordon shoulders, on a stem 1.4-1.6 meters, with fruit links hanging in the form of a “fringe”, located on the lower side. It creates favorable conditions for uniform distribution of shoots, their free hanging. (E.V., vol. 3, p. 345).

Manson’s form is known, the shape of a grape bush, characterized by the presence of a high stem up to 1.5 meters, bearing in the upper part 2 fruit vines with knots of substitution. Bushes are usually carried on a high two-plane V-shaped trellis, with three rows of wire. Of these, the two upper ones are installed parallel to each other and serve to attach fruit vines, the lower one - for the garter of the stem. Green shoots remain without garter. The free overhang of an annual seedling provides good ventilation of the bushes, which reduces the possibility of their defeat by fungal diseases; in hot climates, shading of bunches protects them from burns. The disadvantage is insufficient productivity. (E.V., vol. 2, p. 161.)

Meruza cordon is known, the shape of a grape bush representing a bilateral horizontal cordon on a stem with a large shoulder length can reach 20 meters. It is close to the Cazenava cordon, but the vines are cut to a large length (8-10 eyes), fruit links are formed less often along the cordon length (30-60 centimeters from each other). With a small row spacing (1.5 m) it is considered productive. The disadvantage is the complexity of removing and maintaining the shape of the bush. Productivity is average. (E.V., vol. 2, p. 193).

The form of Naifen is known, the original high-stump form of the grape bush, characterized by the presence of two tiers of crown with free hanging growth. In this case, two-wire vertical trellises are used. Both tiers can be formed on one stem, the first tier is placed at a height of 90-100 cm from the soil surface, the upper tier is at a height of 150-175 cm. Each tier can be grown on its own stand. Differs in rather high productivity. (E.V., vol. 2, p. 265)

Known long-sleeve one-sided form, derived in VNIIV and in them. ME AND. Potapenko, a form of grape bush, characterized by the presence of two to three one-sidedly directed elongated sleeves (from 100 to 200 cm). The formation of the bush takes 4-5 years. The disadvantage is the complexity of the formation and maintenance of the shape of the bush. The yield is insufficient. (E.V., vol. 3, p. 343).

The horizontal cordon Cazenava is known - the form of a grape bush, characterized by the presence of a horizontal shoulder-cordon, which is a continuation of the stem. G.K.K. it is excreted in two three doses over a period of 2–3 years, with sequential laying of branches on its upper side — horns (short sleeves) and continuation shoots. Fruit links (4-8 per bush) are created on the horns, consisting of a replacement knot (for two eyes) and a fruit arrow (5-6 eyes or more). (E.V., vol. 1, p.)

The Roya cordon is known, the shape of a grape bush characterized by the presence of one horizontal shoulder-cordon with even distribution of perennial horns carrying fruit wood on it. It is formed on a low stem, the continuation of which is the shoulder of the cordon, tied to the first trellis wire. In contrast to the horizontal Cazenava cordon, pruning is performed shortly, leaving knots with 2-3 eyes or half arcs with 5-6 eyes on a perennial horn. Cordon Roya is intended for non-covering vineyards of undersized varieties. Used to remove other forms of cordons. (E.V., vol. 2, p. 81) It is a close analogue of the volumetric form of single cordons.

The semi-shelter combined form of AZOS is known, the two-tier form of the bush, the upper non-covering layer of which is represented by a short horizontal cordon of Cazenava with 3-4 fruit links, the lower one - by the one-armed Guyot with an inclined stem. They are a transitional form from hiding to non-hiding culture, in conditions of low soil fertility. (E.V., vol. 2, p. 430).

The Kuban oblique cordon is known, the shape of a grape bush, which is a oblique cordon with an increased length of sleeves, reaching double and triple distance between the bushes in rows. The length can reach 3-4 meters. With a double shoulder length, the upper part reaches a height of 185-200 cm. The height of the trellis in the first case should be at least 200 cm, in the second -270 cm. The form is designed for high loads with high soil fertility. The disadvantages include: the complexity of breeding and maintaining shape, the danger of thickening bushes, a very small supply of perennial wood. (E.V., vol. 2, p. 108).

The Sylvoz cordon is known, the shape of a grape bush characterized by the presence of one horizontal shoulder with a uniform placement of perennial horns on it bearing long fruit vines. A bush is formed on a stem 1-1.2 meters high, a natural extension of which is the cordon shoulder. A distinctive feature of the Silvoz cordon is a long pruning of fruit vines, 10-12 eyes without knots of substitution, followed by their bending and garter to the auxiliary lower (under the cordon) trellis wire. The bending of the vine makes sap flow difficult behind the second or third eye, thereby creating better conditions for the development of an shoot at its base, which is used to form the fruit vine in the following year. Recommended for non-covering zone, mainly for vigorous varieties in conditions of high soil fertility. The main disadvantage is the danger of inhibition of growth and thickening by shoots, the complexity of caring for the bush. Productivity is increased. This analogue is close to a single cordon of the proposed method for creating a three-dimensional shape. (E.V., vol. 2, p. 81).

Known forms of bushes for growing rootstock, one of which is a horizontal cordon, which is conducted on a T-shaped trellis, on which horizontally running wires are stretched parallel to each other to garter growing shoots. (E.V., vol. 3, p. 239).

The shape of the double Geneva curtain is known: the shape of a grape bush, characterized by the presence of two long horizontal cordons on a stem 1.6-1.8 meters high, arranged parallel to each other and bearing fruit links on the lower side of the sleeve. Bushes are conducted on a T-shaped trellis with a row spacing of at least 4 meters and a distance between bushes in rows of 2.5-3 meters. The annual growth freely hangs down, forming two parallel planes of the leaf-stem mass of the bush, the distance between which varies from 120 cm to 200 cm and is limited by the row spacing and dimensions of the aggregates used in the processing of plantings. The form differs in rather high productivity in comparison with other forms. (E.V., vol. 3, p. 342) It is a close analogue.

The North-Caucasian intensive formation, repeating the shape of the double Geneva curtain, is known. There are differences. The stakes are twisted, the height of the T-shaped trellis is 110 cm, the distance between parallel wires is 100 cm, the distance between the bushes is 2-3 meters. (Guidelines for crop production, protocol No. 4 of November 13, 2010).

All known forms of horizontal cordons show insufficient productivity. In practice, in the vineyards of the Crimea and the Kuban, the yield is from five to fifteen tons per hectare. Most often, the Guyot form is used with different variations, different landing patterns, with a garter at the top of the green growth. More complex forms, which could give a larger crop, are almost not used. The high costs of caring for the vineyards, the high cost of chemicals for spraying, etc., do not make it possible to carry out all technological measures for the care, green operations, the complete collection of the grown crop, especially on technical varieties for mechanized harvesting.

The arbor grape culture, or rack culture, pergola, that is, the system of maintaining grape bushes on high supports, which is a special lightweight construction in the form of various types of shelving (with horizontal, inclined planes or in the form of a rounded arch, rectangular arch, etc., is known). ), constructed of wire, poles, profiles, etc. and supported by supports (wooden, metal, etc.) at various heights, more often from 2 to 4 meters from the soil surface. When conducting gallery arbors use large forms of bushes of fan and cordon types or their various combinations. Bunches hang freely in the gazebo. Bushes in industrial plantings are located between two neighboring galleries, more often with intervals in a row from 2.4 to 5 meters. A variety of gazebo culture is the “Uzbek arc”, “Astrakhan gallery, etc. The Astrakhan grape management system is a set of techniques for planting, forming and caring for bushes. It includes nest planting of cuttings in pits of 5-10 pieces, as a result of which the bush has 10-15 perennial branches, actually originating from different plants, which are fixed on supports that look like covered alleys, galleries. Having preserved the principle of gallery culture, bushes began to form with long, inclined along the planting line boles. (E.V., vol. 1, p. 121).

Roof-shaped or ceiling-type arbors are known, which are a flooring made of horizontal or inclined gratings of wire or profiles, raised to a height of 2-4 meters. Such ceiling-type gazebos are the Central Asian Voish system, the star-shaped Armenian system, and the Italian pergola. (E.V., vol. 1, p. 154)

The Voish system, a type of arbor grape culture, in which supports are arranged simultaneously for a group of 5-6 bushes in the form of a horizontal flooring of poles or wire at a height of 2 meters. Usually large fan-shaped forms of bushes of the table direction are used, on the perennial sleeves of which, upon reaching the horizontal flooring, fruit vines and the growth of the current year along with the crop were placed. For the winter, the bushes were not removed, their sleeves, together with annual vines, were combined into separate bunches. (E.V., vol. 1, p. 269).

The star-shaped form is characterized by the tall-shaped form of a grape bush with one 2.4-meter-high stem bearing in the upper part of 8 or more perennial sleeves with branches that are star-shaped around the stem on the horizontal trellis plane. The landing pattern is 3 × 3 meters in combination with a high ceiling type trellis, the horizontal plane of which is represented by a grid with a cell measuring 40 × 40 centimeters formed by trellis wires. Green shoots with a crop under their own weight freely hang down. Excluded annual garter bushes and green operations. Trimming bushes and harvesting is carried out by employees on a special platform - a carriage. (E.V., vol. 1, p. 429)

The Italian pergola, or “Italian table,” is similar to the “star-shaped” Armenian system. They differ only in their dimensions with a maximum height of 1.6 meters, the angle of inclination of the planes is 21 degrees.

The California formation is known, characterized by an inclination of planes of 30-35 degrees, the distance between the supports is 8 meters, between the rows 3.5 meters, the length of the shoulder - the sleeves is 2 meters, the height of the bottom of the house (module) is 1.7 meters, the height in the ridge (module) 2 , 4 meters.

The described arbor forms of conducting grape culture are close analogues in terms of support construction and combine all the advantages of double pediments. Pergolas allow mechanizing pruning of vines, give better illumination and air ventilation, the ability to reduce the likelihood of infection with powdery mildew, etc. Bushes are less affected by frosts, care is easier and generally a higher crop of good quality is provided. Such formations can almost completely get away from costly green operations. All these positive qualities must be used in newly developed solutions.

The objective of this invention is the development of such a method of forming grape plants, such a shape and architecture of the crown of vine bushes, which would have optimal plant density, rational placement of green mass of shoots, clusters, hoses and boles with a large supply of perennial wood, which is especially important for growing table varieties grapes, which are in short supply even in the Kuban, would allow us to harvest 100 tons per hectare or more. Such harvests and sales of products would allow farms to have the funds to carry out all technological operations for growing and maintaining vineyards, to hire the necessary number of workers, solving the problems of population employment, and even to obtain large yields, one could even reduce the planting area, and use the vacant areas for growing other crops necessary to provide the population with food.

The solution to this problem is the proposed integrated method for creating a three-dimensional shape of one-shoulder horizontal cordons and a trellis device for such a three-dimensional shape.

The idea of the invention is that in a row on a trellis not one common cordon (or two) composed of plants planted in a row in a row one after another, but several cordons running parallel to each other and composed of the same number same plants. In this case, the yields of each cordon will be summed up and the total yield will be several times larger (by the number of cordons) than from one (or two) cordons of the existing vineyards. To form such long single cordons from single plants with one long stem and one shoulder-sleeve is not a problem. It remains to solve the main issues consisting in placing these cordons on a trellis, maintaining an architecture of such a voluminous shape, caring and protecting plants. Plantings are very thickened, relatively difficult to form and maintain, but the corresponding, very large yield (from 100 tons to 360 tons per hectare or more) justifies all expenses. Especially for such a voluminous form of cordons, an integrated method for creating a microclimate for growing and protecting orchards and vineyards and a stationary technological system of transporting air pipelines for creating a microclimate have been developed, which make it possible to carry out all agrotechnological measures, such as fine dispersion irrigation, fine dispersion spraying, fine disperse fertilizer simultaneously large areas (up to 100 hectares and more) for a short time (no more than 30 minutes without application agricultural technicians, protection against frosts, frosts, mists, and others, more than twenty agricultural operations.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a complex method of creating a three-dimensional shape of one-shoulder horizontal codons, characterized by the presence of single one-shoulder horizontal cordons, which make up a common horizontal row cordon, which is arranged in a line of plants with vertical or inclined booms and one shoulder sleeve with a freely hanging growth on fruit formations, which lead either on a vertical trellis on wires in one or two tiers, or on supports with a horizontal crossbar on two x parallel wires in one tier, or on a V-shaped two-plane trellis with parallel rows of wires in one or two tiers, or on a ceiling type trellis, on the horizontal plane of which cordon forms with green growth and yield are placed, as well as on a double gable of a roof-shaped profile , such as a pergola raised to a height of 2-4 meters, each row is divided into sections between adjacent supports of trellis for planting from sin to ten plants, the stems lead to the supports of their section to any far side, and the sleeves are placed all over th section length from the support and to the support parallel to one another along a row in multiple tiers; moreover, a three-dimensional shape is created through integration (summation), integration (connection) and ordering of single cordons, which are combined into groups of several, from three to ten, bushes with a creeping stump and a single shoulder-sleeve, a continuation of the stub, and lead on parallel wires within repeating, consecutive, sections in the volume of discrete blocks of a row between adjacent trellis supports from 2 meters to 4 meters long, and a width equal to the row width or width of the support elements carrying wires, from 0.5 m and up to 2.5 meters, and up to 2 meters high, then differentiated (selective), compact and rational compaction is carried out in the volume of blocks of single sleeves of single cordons with fruit formations and placed on several trellis wires, from three to ten, parallel to each other , in one or more, up to five tiers, within the scope of its blocks.

Each plant of the volumetric form of one-arm horizontal cordons is created by grafting in place of parts of plants with one or several, up to four, roots of phylloxera-resistant varieties of rootstocks, and the plant stem is formed with one creeping strain from 3 to 6 meters long, that is, with an increased volume of perennial wood, which is gradually raised to its wire trellis, transferred to it in a single sleeve and placed along the same wire in the opposite direction to the stem with free growth on the fruit shoots, trimmed s in one kidney, or to the so-called odnoglazkovyh horns which support the growing period shortening and puncturing in openwork condition; moreover, between the length of the stem and the length of the sleeve, the formation and placement, the following conditions are laid down: the length of the stem is greater than or equal to the length of the sleeve, that is: Lpcs. > Lruk.

Planting of plants in a row is carried out either in groups of three or four seedlings or cuttings with a distance between groups from 2 meters to 4 meters, or single next to the distance between the bushes from 0.7 meters to 1.3 meters, or doubled next to the distance between the rows in a double row up to 1 meter, and between bushes in each row from 0.9 meters to 2 meters; moreover, plants in a row are grouped in sections, between adjacent trellis supports, from 2 meters to 4 meters long, three to four bushes for group plantings and a single row, and for a double row, four to ten bushes in each section.

When plants are densely planted in a row for strong growth of scion and accelerated cordon formation, for two years, from two to four seedlings are planted simultaneously — rootstocks or cuttings of root phylloxera-resistant varieties in one planting pit, which stimulate plant roots to develop deeper soil horizons and reach aquifers, as well as in the second year of vegetation, are created by ablating plants with two to four roots, and the stem is formed from a strong scion, from the number of survivors, one for each bush.

To obtain an increased volume of perennial wood, creeping strains of single one-shoulder horizontal cordons lead obliquely within their section and gradually erect each of them, in an amount of three to ten, in any direction of the row to their trellis wire within the volume of their block of the same section in fulcrum from the landing site; moreover, the plant stems planted in the left row of the double row are sent to the corresponding wires of the right side of the trellis, and the stubs from the right row of plantings lead to the corresponding wires of the left side of the trellis, getting more compact blocks and long stems, that is, a large supply of perennial wood.

Sleeves of single cordons are grouped on a trellis by sections within the volumes of repeating blocks corresponding to these sections, between trellis supports from 2 meters to 4 meters in length from three to ten sleeves and placed parallel to each other, each on its own, on three to ten wires, in one to five horizontal tiers at a height of 0.8 meters to 2 meters; moreover, each of the sleeves is placed in the opposite direction of placement of its stem and guided along its separate wire in different directions at a distance from each other from 0.2 meters to 1.5 meters, which allows compactly accommodating the openwork hanging growth canopy.

When a powerful plant with two or four roots is created by grafting, having a large growth potential, when planting in a row in groups or in a single row of two or four bushes in each section, two or four second-order arms are formed on the shoulder of the first-order sleeves of each bush, giving for a volumetric form from four to sixteen sleeves, which are placed on the wire trellis parallel to each other in the same direction for the sleeves of one plant and in different directions for different plants, but in the opposite direction niya of its stem.

For grape cover culture zones, plants formed in the form of a single-armed horizontal cordon with a long creeping stump are grouped in three to ten bushes and trellis are led on each wire sequentially sectionless in one direction, one after another, in the order of planting bushes, in a continuous repeating order placing the sleeves on three to ten wires with the same length of the conditional sections, and the sleeves with the sleeves are placed in one direction.

When maintaining the volumetric shape of one-shoulder horizontal cordons on a high trellis of a double pediment of a roof-shaped profile, such as a pergola raised to a height of 3.3 meters, the plants are planted in a double row in number from 12 to 30 bushes in sections from 6 to 12 meters long, the stems lead from the midpoints of the section on opposite sides of the row to the pergola supports and sequentially erect them along the inclined parts of the supports, each to its own wire, and the sleeves are placed on parallel horizontal wires of the inclined planes of the pergola in an amount of 12 to 30 wires six fifteen tiers.

The trellis device used to implement the method for the volumetric form of single-arm horizontal cordons, including vertical supports with a horizontal crossbar or V-shaped supports of a two-plane trellis and wires stretched through supports in horizontally parallel rows in one or two tiers in horizontal or vertical planes, as well as a trellis on high supports, which is a special lightweight construction in the form of various types of shelving with horizontal or inclined planes, trellis with support and they are performed in the form of spatial structures symmetrical with respect to the vertical axis, or geometric shapes of simple shapes, or closed spatial contours up to 2.5 meters high, arranged in a row after 2-4 meters, at the most distant characteristic points of which are several tiers, from one to five , at a height of 0.8 meters to 2 meters, symmetrically with respect to the central vertical axis, in horizontal planes three to ten parallel wires running along the row are placed at a distance from each other from 0.2 meters to 1.5 meters.

For cover grape culture zones, trellis supports are double-supported in the form of a closed spatial contour symmetrical with respect to the vertical axis, inside, between the supports of which are working pipelines of a stationary technological system of transporting air pipelines for heating and ventilation in wintertime laid on the soil and covered with film material of vines.

For optimal conditions for growing and protecting plants on supports, trellises provide structural elements for placement and fastening in the lower part and in the upper part of the supports of the working pipelines of a stationary technological system to create a microclimate.

For uniform natural lighting and airing the green canopy of growth with bunches, placing an optimally large number of single one-shoulder horizontal cordons, obtaining superharrows of outstanding quality, a two-plane trellis with an angle of inclination of planes of 45 degrees is used, which is a multi-tier pergola with six to fifteen tiers with a vertical size parts of poles with a height of 0.8 meters and a width between pillars of 5 meters, the height of the pergola module to the ridge of 3.3 meters and the angle at the top of the module, under b, 90 degrees, with a height of 0.9 meters to the lower tier and 3.2 meters to the upper tier, with a module measuring 6 meters in length; 8 meters; 10 meters, 12 meters with lightweight intermediate supports along the length of the pergola module section by 12; fourteen; 16; 18 seats for table varieties and 20; 22; 26; 30 seats for technical grades, corresponding to the same number of wires on the pergola and the same number of cordons with distances between the wires on the inclined parts of the supports, divided into equal sections of hypotenuses, equal in size: 0.55 meters; 0.5 meters; 0.45 meters; 0.4 meters - for table varieties and 0.35 meters; 0.3 meters; 0.25 meters; 0.2 meters - for technical grades, which corresponds to the number of tiers: 6; 7; 8; 9 - for table varieties and 10; eleven; 13; 15 - for technical grades, and placing on these tiers, as on separate mini-tables, each on its own, cord sleeves with horizontal and vertical displacements by the same dimensions, and the length of the pergola module sets the length of the creeping booms equal to half the length of the module plus section one meter of lifting to the first tier near the support, along the inclined part of which, each on their own wire, erect all the strands of individual cordons in sequential order; moreover, the pergola is equipped with devices for placement and fastening in each module of the pergola, one upper working pipeline and one or two lower working pipelines of the stationary technological system of transporting air pipelines to create a microclimate in orchards and vineyards.

Using a piping system to create a microclimate, a set of interrelated measures is carried out, optimal parameters are set, the coordination of which allows not only to calculate the crop size that is potentially possible for these conditions, but, which is especially important, to control the course of crop formation, consciously intervene in this process and adjust it. That is, it is essentially about turning the process of crop formation into a technological process - controlled and with exact parameters.

The vine, like a vine, has an almost unlimited potential for spatial growth. This property of grapes must be used to create large formations with a long stem, as a guarantee of productivity, large-fruited and plant resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to provide optimal conditions for growing maximum yields: concentrating as many plants as possible on the vineyard, rational placement of them on a unit of area and volume, and for the root system - on a unit of soil volume, creating a long stem for a future large supply of perennial wood, placing maximum the number of cordons with fruit units per unit volume of the near-palate space, ensuring accessibility for caring for plants.

Currently, the rows of plantings consist of one cordon, plants following one another, or a maximum of two, coming in a row in a vertical or horizontal plane. The present method proposes to place in a row from three to ten cordons running in the trellis space on several, from three to ten, wires running parallel to each other in a horizontal plane in several tiers, up to five. And for pergolas, the number of cordons placed on inclined planes is from 12 to 18 for table varieties and from 20 to 30 for technical varieties occupying from 6 to 15 tiers.

The placement of the cordons, the principle of creating the three-dimensional shape of one-shoulder horizontal cordons and the trellis device for the three-dimensional shape are shown in the diagrams of the figures given in the appendices.

In figures 1-15 shows the individual blocks volumetric form of one-shoulder horizontal cordons, types of trellis with supports of various designs and placement on them of the sleeves of the individual cordons that make up the volumetric shape.

In FIG. 1 shows a detached block of a row, in perspective, in which a volume cordon is arranged, made up of three plants planted within this block in one line through one meter from each other. The length of the section (the space between two adjacent supports) is 3 meters. Plants have long boles with one sleeve, which are placed on three parallel wires trellis in two tiers. The support is made in the form of a “cross”: vertical posts 2 meters high with a crossbar in the middle at a height of 1 meter 20 centimeters, installed in a row after 3 meters. The first (lower) tier, located on the crossbar, can be at a height of 80 centimeters to 1 meter 20 centimeters, depending on the strength of the growth of grape varieties. The distance between the wires of the first tier can be from 0.5 meters to 1 meter. The sleeves of the first (1) and third (3) plants are placed on these wires. The second (upper) tier of one wire is located at a height of 2 meters, the sleeve of the second (2) plant is placed on it. The stakes of all plants lead to the side of the distant stance to obtain the longest length of the stem and raise each at the stance to its wire, and the sleeves are directed in the opposite direction. Thus, all three cordons are located in the same block of the row. The rest of the plants, planted in a row, are also placed in sections, grouping cordons of three in each subsequent block.

In FIG. Figure 2 shows a general view of a support with three booms, each rising to its own wire, and a hanging green growth with bunches.

In FIG. 3 shows a single section of the block: 1 - the roots of the vine bushes; 2 - long creeping fungi; 3 - hanging canopy of green seedlings with clusters; 4 - shoulders-sleeves; 5 - fruit formations (vines, links with knots or horns); 6 - wire; 7 - support.

The placement of cordons on the trellis is clearly visible. The bollards occupy the entire length of the section, plus the length is added on the rise to its tier. Therefore, the length of the booms will always be greater than the length of the sleeves, which occupy only the length of the section. Various fruit formations can be formed on the sleeves: a fruit arrow with a knot of substitution, a strong vine without a knot, horns with a knot for one or two buds, evenly placed on the sleeves.

In FIG. Figure 4 shows the volumetric block of one-arm horizontal cordons composed of four plants growing in a double row. Section size 2 meters. The distance between rows in a double row is one meter, the distance between bushes in a row is one meter. Cordons are placed on 4 wires in two tiers, each sleeve on its own separate wire. The first tier is placed at a height of 1 meter 20 centimeters from the soil, the second at a height of 2 meters. The distance between the wires in each tier is 1 meter.

In FIG. 5 shows a cross-section of a row and a support device, the placement of booms. The first (1) plant and the third (3) on the left side of the row lead to the right side of the trellis, the first (1) to the wire of the lower tier, and the third to the upper tier. On the right side of the trellis, cordons lead to the left side, the second (2) plant to the wire of the lower tier, and the fourth (4) to the left wire of the upper tier. The supports are made in the form of a vertical rack 2 meters high with two crossbars. The distance between the crossbars from 80 centimeters to 1 meter. The support structure resembles a telegraph pole.

In FIG. 6 shows a separate section of the block, in which four single cordons are placed, the stubs of which go from the landing site to the distant support of the block. Sleeves are directed each along its own separate wire in the direction opposite to the stem. The positions denoting the elements of bushes and trellis are similar to those in FIG. 3. Fruit formations in this case are horns with a knot in one or two kidneys. Green growth with bunches hang freely and periodically (2-3 times during the growing season), stepsons for 3-4 leaves are shortened or minted.

In FIG. 7 shows a three-dimensional form on a bowl-shaped trellis, consisting of six single cordons located on 6 wires in three tiers. The supports are made on a short stand, on which are mounted two, spaced 45 degrees, planks in the form of a bowl. Planting in a row is double-row (double row). The distance between the rows is 1 meter. In the left row planted plants - (1), (3), (5), in the right row - (2), (4), (6). Poles lead so that their length when erecting to their wire is maximum, from the landing site to the farthest point of the section and to the optimally positioned wire, on one and the other side of the row.

In FIG. Figure 8 shows the support of a cup-shaped trellis, the first tier with shtambami (1) and (2) is at a height of 1 meter 20 centimeters, the second tier with shtambami (5) and (6) is at a height of 1 meter 60 centimeters and the third tier is at a height of 2 meters . The clusters in each tier are located at a distance of more than 50 centimeters from the tier. The poles are raised along the far support and the inclined bar to their wire, along which the sleeve of this stem is directed horizontally above the soil and parallel to other arms within its section of the block.

In FIG. 9 shows a section of a block 3 meters long. On the first tier are placed the sleeves (1) and (2) of the plants, on the second - the sleeves (5) and (6) of the plants and on the third (upper) - the sleeves (3) and (4) of the plants. Hanging green growth forms a kind of plane along the row, running parallel to each other. The positions in the figures indicate the elements of trellis and bushes similarly to those shown in FIG. 3.

In FIG. 10 shows a volumetric block of eight single cordons of eight plants planted in a double row with a distance between bushes of 1 meter, between rows of 1 meter. Punches lead from the landing site towards the far support, from the right row to the wires on the left side of the trellis, from the left row to the wires on the right side of the trellis. Sleeves are placed along their wires parallel to each other in the opposite direction to the stem within their block.

In FIG. 11 shows the trellis support in the form of a “telegraph pole” 2 meters high with two crossbars for eight wires in two tiers. The lower crossbar is at a height of 1 meter 20 centimeters, the upper 80 centimeters from the bottom. The distance between the two extreme wires in each row is 50 centimeters, between the two inner wires - 1 meter. Distances may be less depending on the grape variety.

In FIG. 12 shows a section of a block 4 meters long. All cordons are placed in two tiers, in the first plant (1), (2) and (7), (8), in the second (upper) tier, plants (3), (4), (5), (6) are placed. Fruit formations (item 5) - fruit vines with a knot of substitution. The remaining positions are similar to those shown in FIG. 3.

In FIG. 13 shows a block with a three-dimensional form of cordons on a trellis with a support having two inclined planes directed from the support from top to bottom to the periphery. This trellis is designed for eight wires for eight single cordons. Stamps and sleeves are placed similarly to the forms described above. Poles lead to the distant support on the opposite side and raise along a vertical rack to their wire, etc.

In FIG. 14 shows the support of a trellis with inclined planes under the symbol “ANTEY-8” at eight positions for single cordons. The height of the central rack is 2 meters, the range of planes is from 2 meters to 2 meters 80 centimeters, depending on the type and variety of planted grapes. The wires are located in four tiers, two in each tier. The distance between the wires in the horizontal plane is 40 centimeters (or 30 centimeters for low-growing varieties). The planes have an inclination of 45 degrees.

In FIG. 15 shows a section of a block 4 meters long. Plants are planted after 1 meter in a double row, the distance between rows is 1 meter. Cordons are located on four levels. In the first (lower) level - cordons (1) and (2) of plants, in the second - cordons (7) and (8) of plants, in the third - cordons (3) and (4) of plants and in the fourth - cordons (5) and (6) plants. Positions showing elements of trellis and bushes are identical to those shown in FIG. 3.

In FIG. 16-27 shows the rows of the plot, composed of sections of blocks of different lengths for volume cordons, composed of different numbers of individual cordons on trellises with different types of supports.

In FIG. 16 shows a series of sections of discrete blocks (six), each 2 meters long, and 2 meters high.

In FIG. 17 shows a support in the form of a “Cross” for this series of bulk cordons. Single row landing after 1 meter. Cordons are placed in two tiers. The distance between the wires of the lower tier is 50 centimeters.

In FIG. 18 and FIG. 19 shows four sections of discrete blocks of a row 3 meters long and 2 meters high. The volume cordon is composed of four single horizontal cordons placed in 2 tiers on 4 wires. Trellis supports on shortened racks of the Semaphore type. Two-row landing with a distance between bushes of 1.5 meters, the distance between rows of 1 meter. The height of the lower tier is 1.2 meters, the upper one is 2 meters.

In FIG. 20 and FIG. 21 shows three sections of discrete blocks of a row 4 meters long and 2 meters high. The volume cordon in each block is composed of 6 single horizontal cordons placed on 6 wires in three tiers. Tapestry supports of the Wine Glass type with inclined planes. The lower tier is located at a height of 1.2 meters, the middle tier - 1.6 meters, the upper - 2 meters. Two-row planting with a distance between the bushes - 1.3 meters, the distance between the rows - 1 meter.

In FIG. 22 and FIG. 23 shows three sections of discrete blocks of a row 4 meters long and 2 meters high. The volume cordon in each block is composed of 4 single horizontal cordons placed on 4 wires in two tiers. Supports trellis type "Telegraph-4" with two crossbars. Lower at a height of 1.2 meters, upper at a height of 2 meters. Single row landing with a distance between the bushes of 1 meter.

In FIG. 24 and FIG. 25 shows three sections of discrete blocks of a row 4 meters long and 2 meters high. The volume cordon in each block is made up of 8 single horizontal cordons placed on 8 wires in two tiers, 4 wires in each tier. Supports trellis type "Telegraph-8" with two crossbars. Lower at a height of 1 meter. The width of the crossbar is 2 meters, the distance between two outer neighboring wires is 50 centimeters, the distance between the inner wires is 1 meter. Two-row landing, in each row of four bushes, the distance between them in a row is 1 meter, the distance between rows is 1 meter.

In FIG. 26 and FIG. Figure 27 shows three sections of discrete blocks of a row 4 meters long and a length of 2 meters. The volume cordon in each block is composed of 8 single horizontal cordons placed on 8 wires in four tiers, 2 wires in each tier. Supports trellis in the form of a rack with inclined planes lowered, type "ANTEY-8" the range of the planes - 2 meters 20 centimeters. The lower tier is at a height of 80 centimeters. Two-row landing.

In figures 28-41 in top views shows landing patterns made up of sections of blocks of different lengths. The positions in the figures show the elements of planting and trellis, identical in all figures: 1 - supports trellis; 2 - bushes; 3 - single row landing; 4 - two-row landing.

FIG. 28. The landing pattern is single-row. Each section has three bushes, the distance between them is 0.7 meters. Section length 2 meters.

FIG. 29. The landing pattern is single-row. Each section has three bushes, the distance between them is 1 meter. Section length 3 meters.

FIG. 30. The landing pattern is single-row. Each section has three bushes, the distance between them is 1.3 meters. Section length 4 meters.

FIG. 31. The landing pattern is single-row. Each has four bushes, the distance between them is 1 meter. Section length 4 meters.

FIG. 32. The landing pattern is two-row. Each section has four bushes, two in each row. Sections are 2 meters long, the distance between the bushes is 1 meter, the distance between the rows is 1 meter.

FIG. 33. The landing pattern is two-row. There are four bushes in each section, the length of the sections is 3 meters, the distance between the bushes is 1.5 meters, the distance between the rows in all the figures is 1 meter.

FIG. 34. Planting pattern - two-row, four bushes, section length 4 meters, between bushes in a row - 2 meters.

FIG. 35. Planting pattern - double row, bushes - five in each section, section length - 4 meters, the distance between the bushes - 1.6 meters.

FIG. 36. The landing pattern is two-row. There are six bushes in each section. The length of the sections is 4 meters, the distance between the bushes in the row is 1.3 meters.

FIG. 37. The landing pattern is two-row. There are seven bushes in each section. The length of the sections is 4 meters, the distance between the bushes in the row is 1.14 meters.

FIG. 38. The landing pattern is two-row. There are eight bushes in each section. The length of the sections is 4 meters, the distance between the bushes in the row is 1 meter.

FIG. 39. The landing pattern is two-row. There are nine bushes in each section. The length of the sections is 4 meters, the distance between the bushes in the row is 0.9 meters.

In FIG. 40 shows two adjacent rows on a grape plantation. The landing pattern in the rows is single-row. The width of the rows (W) up to 1 meter. The row spacing (M) is 4 meters. The free space (A) between the edges of the supports is at least 3 meters.

In FIG. 41 shows two adjacent rows on a grape plantation. Landing pattern - double row. The width of the rows (W) is 2 meters, the width of the rows of landings (P) is 1 meter, the row spacing is 5 meters, the free space (A) between the edges of the supports is 3 meters.

In FIG. 42-79 shows diagrams of options and landing patterns in sections of blocks of volumetric forms of single-arm horizontal cordons and their placement on the corresponding wires and tiers of the trellis.

In FIG. 42 and FIG. 43 shows a three-dimensional shape composed of three single cordons on a two-tier trellis with a support “Cross”. Planting bushes - single row. In each section 3 meters long, three bushes are planted after 1 meter. The arrows indicate the directions of the holding of the boles and the placement of the single sleeves of the individual cordons on the wires and tiers of the trellis.

In FIG. 44 and FIG. 45 shows a three-dimensional shape composed of four single cordons on a two-tier trellis with a Telegraph-4 support. Planting bushes single-row. In each section 4 meters long four bushes are planted after 1 meter.

In FIG. 46 and FIG. 47 shows a three-dimensional shape composed of four single cordons. The plants are planted in a double row, two bushes in each row, at a distance of 1 meter between the bushes in the row. Two-tier trellis with Telegraph-4T support with reduced distances between wires and between tiers for technical grape varieties. The length of the sections is 2 meters. The distance between the wires is 0.7 meters.

In FIG. 48 and FIG. 49 shows a volumetric form of four unitary cordons on the same trellis as in FIG. 46, but with increased distances between wires and tiers of the Telegraph-4C type for undersized table grape varieties. The length of the sections is three meters, the distance between the bushes in the row is 1.5 meters. The distance between the tier wires is 1 meter.

In FIG. 50 and FIG. 51 shows a three-dimensional form of four single cordons for trellis, with a Telegraph-4C support for high-growing table grape varieties. The length of the sections is 4 meters. The landing scheme is two-row, in each row there are two bushes, the distance between them is 1.5 meters. The distance between the wires in each tier is 1.4 meters.

In FIG. 52 and FIG. 53 shows a three-dimensional form of six single cordons on a two-tier trellis with Telegraph-6S supports. The planting scheme is two-row with distances between bushes - 1 meter, section length 3 meters. Each tier has three wires, between them a distance of 0.8 meters, the width of the crossbars - 1.6 meters.

In FIG. 54 and in FIG. 55 shows a three-dimensional form of eight single cordons on a two-tier trellis with a Telegraph-8S support. The landing scheme is two-row, in each row there are four bushes, the distance between them in the row is 1 meter, the length of the sections is 4 meters. Crossbeams of a support 2 meters wide, distance between extreme wires - 50 centimeters, between average - 1 meter. The yield of such formations is 160 tons per hectare.

In FIG. 56 and FIG. 57 shows a three-dimensional form of four single cordons on a two-tier trellis on supports of the "Semaphore" type. The crossbars can be at different angles with different ratios of shoulders, which determines the distance between tiers and wires. The landing scheme is two-row, 2 bushes in a row with a distance of 1 meter between them. The distance between the outer wires is 1.2 meters, between the inner ones - 0.4 meters. The trellis height can be 1.6-2 meters. Section length 2 meters.

In FIG. 58 and FIG. 59 shows a three-dimensional form of four single cordons on a two-tier trellis and supports with different rungs under the length, the upper runner is shorter with a wire spacing of 0.5 meters, the lower rung is 1.5 meters long with the same wire spacing. The planting scheme is two-row with a distance between bushes in a row of 1 meter. The length of the sections is 2 meters.

In FIG. 60 and FIG. 61 shows a three-dimensional form of four single cordons on a two-tier trellis with supports in which the upper crossbar is longer than the lower. All dimensions are the same as in FIG. 58 and FIG. 59.

In FIG. 62 and FIG. 63 shows a three-dimensional form of four single cordons on a two-tier trellis with supports in the form of a concave “funnel” or “shot glass”, on the side walls of which there are 2 wires in two tiers. The distance between the outer wires is 0.9 meters, between the inner ones - 0.3 meters. This trellis is most suitable for growing undersized bushes of technical or table varieties. The planting scheme is two-row with a distance between bushes of 1 meter. The length of the sections is 2 meters.

In FIG. 64 and FIG. 65 shows a volumetric form of four single cordons on a two-tier trellis with supports in the form of a “fungus”, with dimensions similar to those in FIG. 62 and FIG. 63.

In FIG. 66 and FIG. Figure 67 shows the three-dimensional form of six single cordons on a three-tier trellis with supports in the form of a "bowl" or "wine glass" with side racks inclined 45 degrees or more. The wires are placed in three tiers, two in each, the upper wires spaced 2 meters apart, the average tier wires spaced 1.2 meters apart, and the lower tier between the wires 0.4 meters. The planting scheme is two-row, three bushes in a row, with a distance of 1 meter between them. The length of the sections is 3 meters. The yield of such formations is 120 tons per hectare.

In FIG. 68 and FIG. 69 shows the volumetric form of three single cordons on a two-tier trellis with supports in the form of a "fungus". In the lower tier are two wires with a distance between them of 0.7 meters. In the upper tier there is one central wire. Between the tiers is a distance of 0.35 meters. The planting scheme is single-row, bushes - after 1 meter. The length of the sections is 3 meters.

In FIG. 70 and FIG. 71 shows a three-dimensional form of seven single cordons on a four-tier trellis with supports in the form of an ANTEY-7 aircraft. In the upper tier there is one central wire, in the remaining three tiers there are two wires with a horizontal distance of 0.4 meters between adjacent wires. The maximum range of 2.4 meters. The two-row landing scheme with distances between bushes of 1.13 meters. The length of the sections is 4 meters.

In FIG. 72 and FIG. Figure 73 shows the three-dimensional form of five single cordons on the ANTEY-5 trellis trellis. There is one central wire in the upper tier, two wires in the other two tiers with a horizontal distance of 0.4 meters between adjacent wires. The maximum range of 1.6 meters. The two-row landing scheme with distances between bushes of 1.6 meters. The length of the sections is 4 meters.

In FIG. 74 and FIG. 75 shows the three-dimensional form of six single cordons on a three-tier trellis ANTEY-6. In all three tiers there are two wires, the horizontal distance between the tiers is 0.4 meters. The maximum range is 2 meters. The two-row landing scheme with distances between bushes of 1.3 meters. The length of the sections is 4 meters.

In FIG. 76 and FIG. 77 shows a three-dimensional form of eight single cordons on a four-tier trellis ANTEY-8. In each tier there are two wires with a horizontal distance of 0.3 meters between adjacent wires. The maximum range of 2.1 meters. The planting scheme is two-row with distances between bushes in a row of 1 meter. The length of the sections is 4 meters.

In FIG. 78 and FIG. 79 shows a three-dimensional form of nine single cordons on a five-tier trellis ANTEY-9. In the upper tier there is one central wire, in the remaining tiers there are two wires. The maximum size between the outer wires is 2.8 meters. The planting scheme is two-row with distances between bushes in a row of 0.9 meters. The length of the sections is 4 meters. The yield of such formations is 180 tons per hectare.

All forms shown in FIG. 42-79 are fairly well lit throughout the day. In the south, the photosynthesis of lighted leaves is maximum in the morning and evening, and in the afternoon, partial shade leaves work better, so the use of thickened plantings is justified.

In FIG. 80 and FIG. 81, FIG. 82 shows schemes for illuminating the sun with bulk cordons on different types of trellises.

In FIG. 83, FIG. 84 shows rows of volumetric plantings of one-shoulder horizontal cordons on three-tier trellises in the form of a “wine glass”, treated with fine jets of chemicals (or fine irrigation) using working pipelines of a stationary technological system of transporting air pipelines located on the plantation of a vineyard to create a microclimate in orchards and vineyards, sponsored specifically for over-loaded landings. In addition to finely dispersed irrigation and spraying, the system provides finely dispersed and conventional liquid fertilizing with chemical and organic fertilizers, jet and drop irrigation, watering with water, ventilation, creating a temperature and moisture regime during vegetation, ripening and harvesting, protecting plantings from low temperatures in winter, from spring frosts, the negative consequences of icing of branches, fogs, drizzling rains during flowering and fruit setting, from cold winds in spring and dry winds and in high temperatures in the summer, planting green manure, bird protection, wasps, thieves and other protective and preventive measures.

In FIG. Figures 85-90 show trellis support patterns for three-dimensional forms of horizontal cordons in the grape cover zone and grape cover schemes for the winter.

In figures 85-88 shows the supports of the contour structure with two support posts, between which the distance is 1 meter. The consumption of material for the manufacture of contour supports in comparison with identical single-bearing for non-covering vineyards will be 16-20% higher. If you take “Telegraph” for 8 single cordons, then the total length of the profiles for the manufacture of one support will be 6 meters, and the contour support will require 7 meters.

In FIG. 89 and 90 show a scheme of laying vines for the winter in two projections. Between the racks of the contour support, the lower working pipeline of the stationary system is laid to create a microclimate, through which holes warm air is supplied. The vines are laid and covered with air-permeable film material. In the figures, the positions indicated: 1 - roots; 2 - fungi; 3 - green growth with bunches; 4 - sleeves; 5 - fruit formations; 6 - wire; 7 - support contour trellis; 8 - upper working pipeline; 9 - lower working pipeline; 10 - vines laid between the pillars of the support; 11 - jets of warm air; 12 - covering film material.

In figures 90-91 shows the layout of the horizontal horizontal cordons for sheltering viticulture zones on three types of supports. To facilitate the laying of vines, cordons lead sequentially sectionless in one direction, one after another, each on its own wire in the order of planting bushes in a continuous repeating order.

In FIG. 97-132 shows the layout of volumetric forms of horizontal cordons for the case of creating powerful bushes on several roots with a 1st order sleeve, on which two or four 2nd order sleeves are placed on the trellis parallel to each other in one direction opposite to the direction of placement a stem, with different planting patterns in a row: in groups of two to four bushes or a single row.

In FIG. 97-100, three projections and a planting scheme for volumetric bushes of single-arm horizontal cordons with 2nd order sleeves are shown. The planting scheme is single-row, in groups of two bushes near the trellis supports. The length of the block section is 4 meters. Each section has two plants.

In FIG. Figure 97 shows a support of the Telegraph-4 type with two tiers of cordons, each with two wires, on which two cordons with one shoulder-arm of the 1st order are placed, on each of them two shoulder-arm of the 2nd order, each placed on its own wire. In FIG. 98 shows a scheme for planting bushes. In FIG. 99 shows a layout of cord sleeves on a trellis (top view). In FIG. 100 shows a side view of the section of the block and the placement of the booms and sleeves-cordons with sleeves of the 1st order, on which three sleeves of the 2nd order are formed. Tapestry with supports “Wine-glass-6”, single-row landing, in groups of two bushes near the supports, section length - 3 meters. Each sleeve is placed on its wire in three tiers of one of the sides of the support. In FIG. 101 - the support of a three-tier trellis, type "Wine glass-6". In FIG. 102 is a landing diagram. In FIG. 103 is a top view of a block section, the placement of boles and hoses. In FIG. 104 is a side view of a section of a block, the placement of boles and hoses.

In figures 105-108 shows a scheme of planting bushes and the placement of two cordon volumetric shape with one, on each, shoulder-sleeve of the 1st order, on which four sleeves of the 2nd order are formed. Tapestry type "Telegraph-8", two-tier, 4 wires in each tier. Sections 3 meters long. Single row planting, in groups of two bushes near the supports, in each section two bushes.

In figures 109-112 shows a scheme of planting bushes and the placement of three cordons of the first order with two sleeves of the second order on each. Single row landing, in groups of three bushes near the supports. Sections 3 meters long, each with three bushes. Supports, such as "Champagne-6", three-tiered, each with three wires.

In figures 113-116 shows a scheme of planting bushes and the placement of three cordons of the 1st order with three sleeves of the 2nd order. Single row landing, in groups of three bushes near the supports. Supports, type "ANTEY-9", five-tier. Single row landing, in groups of three bushes near the supports. Sections 4 meters long, in each section three bushes.

In FIG. 117-120 shows the scheme of planting bushes and the placement of the three-dimensional shape of horizontal cordons, composed of four single cordons with two second-order sleeves on each first-order arm. Trellis supports, type "Telegraph-8", two-tier, four wires each. Landing is single-row, with a distance between bushes of 1 meter, sections 4 meters long.

In figures 121-124 shows a scheme of planting bushes and the placement of two cordon volumetric form with three sleeves of the 2nd order on each. On a trellis with T-shaped supports in one tier with six wires. 0.4 meters between the wires, between the extremes - 2 meters. Single-row landing, in groups of two bushes near the supports. The length of the sections is 2 meters, two plants in each section. Aisle width 2.5 meters. The yield of such formations is 240 tons per hectare.

In figures 125-128 shows a scheme of planting bushes and the placement of three cordons of volumetric shape with two 2nd-order sleeves on each on a single-tier trellis with T-shaped supports for six wires with a distance of 0.4 meters between adjacent wires, between the extreme distance of 2 meters . Landing - in groups of three bushes near the supports. Section length 2 meters, three plants in each section. Aisle width 2.5 meters.

In figures 129-132 shows a scheme of planting bushes and the placement of four volumetric cordons with two second-order sleeves on a single-tier trellis with T-shaped supports for eight wires with a distance of 0.4 meters between adjacent wires, between the extreme distance of 2.8 meters . Landing - in groups of four bushes near the supports. The length of the sections is three meters (or four meters), four bushes in each section. If you place rows with a row spacing of 3.2 meters, then on a hectare (100 meters long) there will be 32 rows with a T-shaped trellis for 8 cordons each. In total, on a hectare with four-meter sections in a row there will be: 100 m × 8 × 32 = 25600 meters of the total length of individual cordons. The productivity of 1 meter of wire (cordon) is 10 kg or more. The estimated yield from 1 ha will be 256 tons or more. With a trellis height of 2 meters and a row spacing of 3.2 meters, you can use mini equipment for tillage. Green operations with a trellis height of less than 2 meters and with an average employee height of 1 meter 75 centimeters are quite convenient to carry out, bearing in mind the freely hanging growth with clusters. Other technological operations are successfully carried out by the stationary technological system for creating a microclimate.

In figures 133-135 shows three projections of trellis with an inclined working plane, turned towards the sun. In this case, the rows of landings can be arranged from east to west in the direction of the sun.

In FIG. 134 is a side view, and in FIG. 135 is a plan view. The bulk shape of horizontal cordons is composed of three single cordons. The scheme of planting bushes is single-row, in a row there are three bushes with a distance between the bushes of 1 meter, section length 3 meters. The trellis is three-tier, the lower tier at a height of 1.4 meters, the middle tier at a height of 1.7 meters and the upper tier at a height of 2 meters. The horizontal distance between the extreme wires is 2 meters. In the diagrams, the letter “C” indicates the course of the sun and shows the rays of light during daylight hours.

In figures 136-141 shows the scheme of conducting grape bushes on the spatial structures of two-plane systems with inclined planes at an angle of 45 degrees to the horizontal plane, in the form of a pergola. The angle at the top of the module is α = 90 degrees, the height of the module is 3.3 meters, the width of the module is 5 meters, the height of the vertical part of the supports is 0.8 meters.

In FIG. 136 shows in perspective three modules of a two-plane perola. The length of the module or section is 6 meters; single cordons are placed on 12 wires, 6 on each plane, in six tiers. In the figures, the positions shown: 1 - scheme planting bushes, roots; 2 - long creeping fungi; 3 - green growth with bunches; 4 - shoulders - sleeves; 5 - fruit formations, horns; 6 - wire; 7 - supports pergolas; 8 - upper working pipelines of the microclimate system; 9 - lower working pipelines of the microclimate system; 13 - intermediate support in each section of the row. The dimensions of the pergola allow the work of mini-equipment for tillage, and for green operations, harvesting.

In FIG. 137 shows in the plan the landing pattern, the direction of the placement of the boles, the placement of the sleeves on the wires within the pergola sections (letter "A").

In FIG. 138 shows a diagram of a pergola support with 12 cordons placed on it in 6 tiers. The angle between the inclined planes is L = 90 °. There are 4 working pipelines of the macroclimate system on the support.

On Fig shows a side view of a section of the block (with an average intermediate support - 13). Section length 6 meters. The diagram shows the placement of bushes, long creeping booms that elevate to the corresponding wire, the placement of twelve arms in 6 tiers. Both projections show the location of the upper and lower pipelines of the microclimate system. This pergola is designed for a potential yield of 240 tons per hectare of table grape varieties. It is possible to place 14 cordons in seven tiers. The potential yield of such a pergola will be 280 tons per hectare.

In FIG. 140 shows a diagram of a pergola support with 16 cordons placed on it in 8 tiers. The potential yield from such a pergola will be 320 tons per hectare. A variant with reduced distances between tiers of 18 cordons in 9 tiers is possible. The potential yield will be 360 tons per hectare. The diagram shows the passage of the sun through the plane of the pergola, directed from north to south, and the lighting of cordons and growth with clusters.

In FIG. 141 shows in plan a section of the block between the supports of the pergola, in which there are 16 bushes planted in a double row after 1 meter. The direction of placement of the boles and their corresponding sleeves on the trellis wires in 8 tiers is shown. Section length 8 meters, width 5 meters.

In FIG. 142 shows a diagram of the pergola module for 22. single cordons located in 11 tiers, shows the illumination of the planes of the pergola module, the placement of the cordons of each plant on the corresponding tier, the arrangement of the working pipelines of the microclimate creation system is shown: the pipeline is located on top of the module, and one pipe is located below at the support stand, and the other in the middle of the aisle.

In FIG. 143 in the plan shows a section of the pergola module, 8 meters long, the scheme of planting plants in a double row, the placement of individual cordons on 22 wires, the direction of the placement of boles and hoses. The potential yield of such a pergola for industrial grape varieties will be 220 tons per hectare.

In FIG. 144 shows a scheme of viticulture on 10 hectares. For table grape varieties, the yield of 1 meter of cordon will be from 5 to 15 kilograms, the average yield will be 10 kg. For technical varieties, the yield of 1 meter of cordon will be from 3 to 7 kilograms, the average yield will be 5 kg.

We give a comparative table No. 1 of the possible pergola yield, depending on the layout of cordons. Theoretically possible option for 34 cordons in 17 tiers.

The created gazebo culture of conducting volumetric forms of vine bushes on high pergola type trellises can provide the highest quality products with the mandatory use of a microclimate system. On a pergola, grapes grow as they are predetermined by nature. Stepsons do not develop, because they all grow in equal conditions. Then, as in a vertical arrangement, they immediately begin to compete. All these would be additional costs for garter and green operations. An angle of inclination of planes of 45 degrees makes it possible for good natural lighting and ventilation and at the same time allows you to place an optimally large number of cordons with a distance between them of 20 to 55 centimeters. The length of the sections from 6 to 12 meters allows you to bring the sleeves of the same length, which takes a maximum of 3 years, while the length of the creeping booms is from 4 to 7 meters, which is quite enough to accumulate the required amount of nutrients in perennial wood and ensure high yields.

This system of placing bushes and maintaining cordons has received the conditional name "RUSSIAN PERGOLA-5.GK". Perhaps the use of "RUSSIAN PERGOLA-4.GK" for row spacing of 4 meters.

By simply summing up the cordon productivity in both cases, existing and proposed, the expected yield can be compared: existing vineyards with single cordon management practically yield an average yield of ten tons per hectare, in the proposed volumetric formations, for example, with eight cordons, the crop will be eighty tons per hectare with the same arrangement of bushes, and, given the presence of a long stem, the obligatory implementation of green operations, the use of a stationary microclimate system, this Ichin can be doubled, and guaranteed to obtain, selecting appropriate grape and surround the optimum scheme of reference cordon, and 150, and 200 tons per hectare.

Despite the apparent bulkiness of the supports of the voluminous shape of the cordons, these supports are less costly considering the number of cordons placed on the trellis. The more cordons are placed on the support, the lower the specific material consumption of the structure. If you compare Guyot’s cordon with a volumetric cordon, then for one row 100 meters long, Guyo needs 51 supports after 2 meters of installation - this is for one cordon, 1734 supports are required per 1 ha. With the height of the supports 1.5 meters plus 0.7 in the ground - 2.2 meters, the material will need 3814.8 meters. The wires for one row in three tiers need 300 meters and 10,200 meters per 1 ha. Plus the cost of manufacturing and installing 1734 supports.

For a three-dimensional shape, 51 piers in a row and 1020 piers per 1 ha with 20 rows of landings per 1 ha of material are needed for one volume pylon, such as a Telegraph with two crossbars, 6.7 meters are needed, and 6834 meters will be needed per 1 ha. (In terms of 8 cordons, Guyo's cordon will require material 30518.4 meters). Plus the cost of manufacturing and installing 1020 supports.

From table No. 2 it can be seen that the costs for the bulk form are significantly less. And if the supports are installed after 3-4 meters, then the costs will be even less. The strength of the wire for flights of 4 meters is sufficient with a margin, since the young formed cordon has a small weight, and over the years it itself is well fixed on the trellis with its antennae.

If the bushes with the bulk form of cordons reach “advanced age” and reduce their productivity, then the bush can be restored in one year: grow a young sleeve, lay fruit formations (horns) and still get a small crop (early varieties have time to mature).

We give examples of the use of the bulk form of cordons.

Example 1. In the zone of grape cover culture in the Donbass for five years, until 2014, the volumetric shape of one-shoulder horizontal cordons consisting of three single cordons (figures 133-135) over a section length of 3.5 meters was tested. A row 30 meters long, on which 27 bushes are planted in groups of 3 plants in one landing pit through 3.5 meters near the trellis supports. A trellis with an inclined working plane of three tiers was used. Height to the lower tier - 1 meter, to the middle tier - 1.6 meters, and the upper - 2.2 meters, trellis width - 62 centimeters (horizontal size between the outermost, lower and upper wires). Pruning fruit arrows into 6-8 eyes with a knot of substitution, on which all inflorescences were removed, the green growth drooped freely, forming three parallel vertical planes with bunches. All the necessary green operations were carried out, all fruit shoots were shortened after the bunch on the third or fourth leaf, subsequently stepsons were also shortened, maintaining the green growth in an openwork state. In vineyards, under production conditions, the operation of shortening shoots and stepsons can be mechanized by sequentially cutting the entire wall of green growth at the desired height from the beginning to the end of the row. The openwork of the cordons contributes to better ventilation and better transmission of solar radiation, and create the necessary influx also to the lower tiers of the trellis during filling and ripening of berries.

These 27 shrubs planted represented 27 grape varieties, one of each variety. With a row spacing of 4 meters, in terms of one hectare, the average yield was 90 tons.

On the varieties: Autumn Black, Andrew the First-Called, Galbena Nou, Monarch, Kesha radiant, Glow, Reliable, PG-12 (Maradonna), Long-awaited, In memory of his father, Sophia, Tuzlovsky giant, Count Monte Cristo, Dozen, Transfiguration, Leah, Victor Grouzdy reached a weight of 1 kilogram to 2 kilograms. On the varieties: Ataman, Blagovest, Michelle, Nizina, Bogatyanovsky, Anthony the Great, Angelika, Julian, Anyuta, Yubiley Novocherkassk, the clusters were more than two kilograms and reached a weight of 3.5 kilograms.

Example 2. Between 2014 and 2016, an adult bush of a technical grape variety was reorganized in private estates in the zone of uncultivated viticulture in the Kuban. The bush was placed on a horizontal T-shaped trellis with a working plane 3 meters wide and 16 meters long, at a height of 2.5 meters. The bush was very thickened, with a large number of sleeves of different ages and a lot of fruit vines (several years were not pruned). A bush with a vertical stem was in the middle of the trellis. Formation was carried out according to the principles of the formation of neglected bushes by pruning Maroje, all weak arms and shoots were removed, the strongest arms were left over the entire length of the matured part. As a result, the sleeves were placed on two sides of the trellis along its entire length in parallel through the 20 cm sleeve from the sleeve. At a width of 3 meters fit 16 sleeves. Fruit formations, short horns, remained on the sleeves after two, the third was removed, then the next two, the third was removed, etc. During the growing season, extra shoots broke out, the remaining shoots were shortened three times during the growing season, and one or two clusters were left to shoot. Stepsons were shortened to the third leaf twice during the growing season. The clusters ripened within the standard time for this variety, the cluster sizes were standard, the quality is very good. The crop amounted to 1.2 tons from this trellis.

Example 3. Taking into account that the bulk form of horizontal cordons is very fruitful and requires the mandatory implementation of all technological measures and green operations, it would be optimal to create small farms - viticulture farms, for example, with an area of 10 hectares, divided into 10 plots of 1 hectare. Each site would be processed by a worker or family assigned to it. The farm should have all the functional units to carry out work and ensure technological measures, including a stationary system of transporting air pipelines to create a microclimate in the vineyard at any time of the day or year. Normal housing conditions should be provided for staff, since the farm should become for them not only a place of work, but also a convenient housing factor. Such farms could annually produce 1000-2000 tons of higher-quality products, the sale of which would give greater profits. In FIG. 144 shows a scheme of viticulture on 10 hectares with a garden of 1 hectare and a garden for staff, a residential building and all production facilities: 1 - entrance wicket; 2 - sheds (or hozbloki) for residents; 3 - residential building for 10 apartments and office space; 4 - garden; 5 - garden, 6 - equipment and control unit of a stationary piping system; 7 - water well; 8 - vineyard plots of 1 ha; 9 - trunk pipeline; 10 - working pipelines; 11 - garages; 12 - fur. workshops; 13 - refrigerator; 14 - laboratory; 15 - fruit storages; 16 storage rooms; 17 - fur. yard; 18 - weight; 19 - entrance gate; 20 checkpoint; 21 - security room; 22 - parking; 23 - intermediate pipelines.

Table grape production is associated with a large share of manual labor. If, when growing technical varieties, the accepted direction for a sharp reduction in the cost of green operations can be considered justified, then for table grapes this is completely irrelevant. The grape cluster must have irresistible beauty, integrity and attract the consumer like a magnet, aesthetics are not in last place here, like taste and aroma. No machine will spare the bunch hanging on the vine, neither when performing green operations, nor when harvesting. There is only one way out: apply more advanced technologies to increase yields and carry out manual harvesting, attracting skilled labor for a decent salary, at the same time solving a very important issue of employment.

If we compare the complexity of the existing vineyards with the options for all cases of the proposed volumetric form, then the new form has advantages: green operations concern only the removal of extra eyes and shoots, shortening the remaining fruit shoots and stepsons, removing excess brushes; the garter of the vines is completely absent, the chasing of the vines is absent, the shortening of the shoots can be mechanized. No need for katarovka, saving time and energy for overcoming long distances, since with the same amount of work when servicing a volumetric form, for example, for 8 individual cordons, you need to walk only 100 meters, and with the existing one - 800 meters. The trellis for the volumetric shape is the widest by 8 cordons, has a width of 2 meters, and from row spacing to the second distant wire is only forty to fifty centimeters, the worker from the row spacing serves half of one row and half of the other - quite conveniently without making big runs. Processing can be carried out from the middle of the row, serving the entire row completely.

In the proposed viticulture, for successful work, it is enough to secure one worker on a 1 hectare plot so that all work is completed on time and completely, since convenience in work and adequate work are very important when everything is “at hand” and you don’t need to run a marathon in a sprint rhythm.

The next component of the crop is the perfect technology and technical means for its successful implementation. This problem is solved by a new stationary system for creating a microclimate, which performs all the necessary operations, except for plowing the land and pruning. Although the question of plowing is under development. You can’t do without such a system on very dense landings. The system has many positive qualities: it quickly pays off, is reliable and durable, solves all technological issues, saves water during irrigation (fine, up to fog), saves chemicals (fine spray), keeps the crop 100% from frost, frost, fog during flowering, etc., saves fuel and lubricants and the salary of machine operators, is fully suitable for processing existing gardens, especially for apricot and peach.

Businessmen from agriculture, farmers will not be mistaken if they invest in laying vineyards with the volumetric form of one-shoulder horizontal cordons and a stationary microclimate system for growing and protecting such vine plantations, since the very formation of bushes on several roots will take only two years, for the third year there will already be a half crop, and the fourth will be a full crop, and all expenses will pay off. In the future there will be guaranteed profits, and the population will have plenty of beautiful and tasty grapes, and relatively inexpensive.

Claims (12)

1. An integrated method for creating a three-dimensional shape of one-shoulder horizontal cordons, characterized by the presence of single one-shoulder horizontal cordons that make up the general horizontal cordon of a row, which is placed in one line of plants with vertical or inclined boles and one shoulder — a sleeve with a freely hanging growth on fruit formations, which lead either on a vertical trellis on wires in one or two tiers, or on supports with a horizontal crossbar on two parallel wires in one tier, either on a V-shaped two-plane trellis with parallel rows of wires in one or two tiers, or on a ceiling type trellis, on the horizontal plane of which cordon forms with green growth and yield are placed, as well as on a double gable of a roof-shaped profile, such as a pergola, raised to a height 2-4 m, characterized in that each row is divided into sections between adjacent supports of the trellis for planting from three to ten plants, the stubs lead to the supports of their section to any far side, and the sleeves are placed along the entire length of the section from the support and to support parallel to each other along a row in several tiers; moreover, a three-dimensional shape is created through integration, namely, summation, integration, namely, joining and ordering individual cordons, which are combined into groups of several, from three to ten, bushes with a creeping stump and a single shoulder-sleeve, a continuation of the stump, and lead on parallel wires within repeating, consecutive, sections in the volume of discrete blocks of a row between adjacent trellis supports from 2 m to 4 m long, and a width equal to the row width or the width of the support elements carrying wires, from 0, 5 m to 2.5 m, and a height of 2 m, then differentiated, namely selective, compact and rational compaction is carried out in the volume of blocks of single sleeves of single cordons with fruit formations and placed on several trellis wires, from three to ten, in parallel to each other, in one or several, up to five tiers within the scope of their blocks. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that each plant of volumetric form of one-shoulder horizontal cordons is created by grafting in place of different parts of plants with one or several, up to four, roots of phylloxera-resistant varieties of rootstocks, and the plant stem is formed with one creeping stem length of 3 up to 6 m, that is, with an increased volume of perennial wood, which trellis gradually erects on its wire, is transferred to it in a single sleeve and placed along the same wire in the opposite direction to the stem with freely hanging growth on fruit shoots cut to one kidney, or the so-called one-eyed horns, which during the growing season is supported by shortening and thinning in an openwork state; moreover, between the length of the stem and the length of the sleeve, the formation and placement, the following conditions are laid down: the length of the stem is greater than or equal to the length of the sleeve, that is: Lpcs. ≥ Lruk. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that when creating a three-dimensional shape, plants are planted in a row either in groups of three to four seedlings or a cuttings with a distance between groups from 2 m to 4 m, or a single one near the distance between the bushes from 0 , 7 m to 1.3 m, or double next to the distance between the rows in the double row to 1 m, and between the bushes in each row from 0.9 m to 2 m; moreover, plants in a row are grouped in sections, between adjacent trellis supports, from 2 to 4 m long, three to four bushes for group plantings and a single row, and for a double row, four to ten bushes in each section. 4. The method according to p. 1 or 2, characterized in that when creating a three-dimensional shape with a densely planted plant in a row for strong growth of the scion and accelerated formation of the cordon, for two years, from two to four seedlings - stocks or rootstock cuttings are planted simultaneously phylloxera-resistant varieties in one planting pit, which stimulate plant roots to develop deeper soil horizons and reach aquifers, as well as create plants with two to four roots by ablactation in the second year of vegetation, and the stem forms they dig from a strong scion, from among those who have taken root, one for each bush. 5. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that when creating a three-dimensional shape, to obtain an increased volume of perennial wood, creeping strains of single one-armed horizontal cordons lead obliquely within their section and gradually erect each of them, in an amount of three to ten, to either side of the row to its trellis wire, within the scope of its block of the same section, at the farthest point from the landing site; moreover, the plant stems planted in the left row of the double row are sent to the corresponding wires of the right side of the trellis, and the stubs from the right row of plantings lead to the corresponding wires of the left side of the trellis. 6. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that when creating a three-dimensional shape, the sleeves of individual cordons are grouped on the trellis by sections within the volumes of the repeating blocks corresponding to these sections, between the supports of the trellis from 2 to 4 m in length from three to ten sleeves and placed parallel to each other, each on its own, on three to ten wires, in one to five horizontal tiers at a height of 0.8 m to 2 m; moreover, each of the sleeves is placed in the opposite direction of the placement of its stem and guided along its separate wire in different directions at a distance from each other from 0.2 m to 1.5 m, which allows compactly accommodating the openwork hanging growth canopy. 7. The method according to p. 1 or 2, characterized in that when creating a volumetric form, in the case of creating a grafting of powerful plants with two to four roots having a high growth potential, with the planting pattern in a row in groups or in a single row of two to four bushes in each section, on the shoulder of the first-order sleeve of each bush, two to four second-order sleeves are formed, giving for the volumetric form from four to sixteen sleeves, which are placed on the trellis wires parallel to each other in the same direction for the sleeves of one plant and in different directions the detection of different plants, but in the opposite direction, placing his trunk. 8. The method according to p. 1 or 5, characterized in that when creating a three-dimensional shape for cover grapevine culture zones, plants formed in the form of a one-armed horizontal cordon with a creeping strain, group three to ten bushes and lead trellis on each wire sequentially sectionless in one direction, one after another, in the order of planting bushes, in a continuous repeating sequence of placing the sleeves on three to ten wires with the same section length, and the sleeves are placed in the same direction. 9. The method according to p. 1 or 6, characterized in that when maintaining the volumetric form of one-shoulder horizontal cordons on the trellis of a double pediment of a roof-shaped profile, such as a pergola, raised to a height of 3.3 m, the plants are planted in a double row in an amount from 12 to 30 bushes in sections from 6 to 12 m long, the stubs lead from the middle of the section on opposite sides of the row to the pergola supports and successively erect them along the inclined parts of the supports, each to its own wire, and the sleeves are placed on parallel horizontal wires of the inclined planes of the pergola from 12 to 30 wires in six to fifteen tiers. 10. Trellis device for the volumetric form of one-shoulder horizontal cordons, including vertical supports with a horizontal crossbar or a V-shaped support of a two-plane trellis and wires stretched through supports in horizontally parallel rows in one or two tiers in horizontal or vertical planes, as well as trellis on high supports , which is a lightweight construction in the form of various types of racks with horizontal or inclined planes, characterized in that the trellis with supports is made in the form of symmetry which are spatial relative to the vertical axis of spatial structures, or geometric shapes of simple shapes, or closed spatial contours up to 2.5 m high, arranged in a row after 2-4 m, at the farthest points of which, in several tiers, from one to five, at a height of 0.8 m to 2 m, symmetrically with respect to the central vertical axis, in horizontal planes are placed parallel to each other along a row of wires in an amount of three to ten, at a distance from each other of 0.2 to 1.5 m. 11. The device according to p. 10, characterized in that when maintaining a three-dimensional shape, for a uniform natural lighting and airing of the green canopy of growth with bunches, the rational placement of single one-shoulder horizontal cordons, a two-plane trellis with a plane angle of 45 degrees, which is a multi-tiered pergola, is used having six to fifteen tiers, with the size of the vertical part of the supports 0.8 m high and the width between the supports 5 m, the height of the pergola module to the ridge 3.3 m and the angle at the top of the module, under the ridge, 90 degrees, with a height of 0.9 m to the lower tier and 3.2 m to the upper tier, with module dimensions of 6 m in length; 8 m; 10 m; 12 m with light intermediate supports along the length of the pergola module section by 12; fourteen; 16; 18 seats for table varieties and 20; 22; 26; 30 seats for technical grades corresponding to the same number of wires on the pergola and the same number of cord sleeves with distances between the wires on the inclined parts of the supports, divided into equal sections of hypotenuses, equal in size: 0.55 m; 0.5 m; 0.45 m; 0.4 m - for table varieties and 0.35 m; 0.3 m; 0.25 m; 0, 2 m - for technical grades, which corresponds to the number of tiers: 6; 7; 8; 9 - for table varieties and 10; eleven; 13; 15 - for technical grades, and placing on these tiers, as on separate mini-tables, each on its own, cord sleeves with horizontal and vertical displacements by the same dimensions, and the length of the pergola module sets the length of the creeping booms equal to half the length of the module plus section one meter of lifting to the first tier near the support, along the inclined part of which, each on their own wire, erect all the strands of individual cordons in sequential order, and the pergola is equipped with devices for placement and fastening in each module of the pergo s one upper working line and one or two lower working stationary pipeline process system piping for conveying air microclimate in vineyards. 12. The device according to p. 10, characterized in that when maintaining the volumetric shape for the grape cover areas, the trellis supports are double-supported in the form of a closed spatial contour symmetrical with respect to the vertical axis, inside, between the supports of which, working pipelines of the stationary technological system of transporting air pipelines for heating and ventilation in winter laid on the soil and covered with film material of vines.

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